SOLUTIONS TO HOMEWORK 2
MA1C PRACTICAL 2011-2012
(1) (a) f (x, y ) = x cos x cos y .
f y
f x
(x cos x) x
cos y = (cos x x sin x) cos y .
= cos x
sin y = x cos x sin y .
(b) f (x, y ) = (x2 + y 2 )(log(x2 + y 2 )). (We assume that (x, y ) = (0, 0).)
= x (x2 + y 2 ) log(x2 + y 2 ) + (x2 + y 2 ) x log(x2 + y 2 ) 1 x2 = 2x(1 + log(x2 + y 2 )). = 2x log(x2 + y 2 ) + (x2 + y 2 ) x2 + y 2 x f y f x
= 2y log(x + y 2 ) + (x2 + y 2 )
(x2 y 2
+ y 2 ) log(x2 + y 2 ) + (x2 + y 2 )
1 x2 + y 2
log(x2 + y 2 )
2 y y
= 2y (1 + log(x2 + y 2 )).
(c) f (x, y ) = exy log(x2 + y 2 ). (We assume that (x, y ) = (0, 0).) w xy = x e log(x2 + y 2 ) + exy x log(x2 + y 2 ) x x . = yexy log(x2 + y 2 ) + exy x22 +y 2
w y
y . = xe log(x + y 2 ) + exy x22 +y 2
xy e y xy 2
log(x2 + y 2 ) + exy
log(x2 + y 2 )
(d) f (x, y ) = x . (We assume that y = 0.) y 1 1 w = x x y =y . x
w y
=x
1 y y
= yx2 .
(2) (a) f (0, ) = 0cos 0cos = 0, f (0, ) = (cos 00sin 0) cos = 1, f (0, ) = 0 x y cos 0 sin = 0. The tangent plane of f at (0, ) is f z = f (0, ) + x (0, ) (x 0) + f (0, ) (y ) and y f (0, )+ f (0, ) (x 0)+ x so our plane is z = x.
f (0, ) y
(y ) = 0+(1) (x 0)+0 (y ) = x,
(b) f (0, 1) = (02 + 12 ) log(02 + 12 ) = 0, f (0, 1) = 2 0 (1 + log(02 + 12 )) = 0, x f (0, 1) = 2 1 (1 + log(02 + 12 )) = 2. The tangent plane of f at (0, 1) is y z = f (0, 1) +
f (0, 1) x
(x 0) +
f (0, 1) y
(y 1) and
f (0, 1)+ f (0, 1) (x 0)+ x so our plane is z = 2y 2.
f (0, 1) y
(y 1) = 0+0 (x 0)+2 (y 1) = 2y 2,
(3) (a) f (x, y, z ) = (x + ez + y, yx2 ). Let f1 (x, y, z ) = x + ez + y and f2 (x, y, z ) = yx2 . Then the matrix of partial derivatives of f is
f1 x f2 x f1 y f2 y f1 z f2 z
1 1 ez 2xy x2 0
(b) f (x, y ) = (xyexy , x sin y, 5xy 2 ). Let f1 (x, y ) = xyexy , f2 (x, y ) = x sin y , and f3 = 5xy 2 . Then the matrix of partial derivatives of f is f f 1 1 yexy (1 + xy ) xexy (1 + xy ) x y f2 f2 . sin y x cos y x y = f3 f3 2 5y 10xy x y
(4) The derivative of z = exy is (exy , exy ), which is (1, 1) at (1, 1, 1). The equation of the tangent plane is therefore given by (z 1) = (x 1) (y 1), i.e. z = x y + 1. To nd the intersection with the z axis, set x = y = 0 which gives z = 1. So the tangent plane meets the z axis at the point (0, 0, 1). (5) We want to compute c (0) where c(t) = (6t, 3t2 , t3 ). Here c (t) = (6, 6t, 3t2 ) so c (0) = (6, 0, 0). (6) Here c(t) = (sin(et ), t, 4 t3 ) so c (t) = (cos(et )et , 1, 3t2 ). The equation of the tangent line at t = 1 is (t) = c(1) + (t 1)c (1) = (sin(e), 1, 3) + (t 1)(cos(e)e, 1, 3). Then (2) = (sin(e) + cos(e)e, 2, 0). So at t = 2, the particle is at position (sin(e) + cos(e)e, 2, 0). (7) (a) From the second special case of the chain rule, we have: h = x
f x f u
1
u x
f f u + . x u x
(b) From the rst special case of the chain rule, we have: dh f f du f dv = + + . dx x u dx v dx
(c) From the second special case of the chain rule, we have: u x f w h f u f v f f v = f + + . = x u v w x u x v x w x w
x
(8) We dene a function that represents the transformation from spherical coordinates to cartesian coordinates: P (, , ) = ( cos sin , sin sin , cos ) Then by the chain rule we have Df (, , ) = D(f P )(, , ) = Df DP (, , ) cos sin sin sin cos cos f f f =( , , ) sin sin cos sin sin cos x y z cos 0 sin f f f =( cos sin + sin sin + cos , x y z f f sin sin + cos sin , x y f f f cos cos + sin cos sin ), x y z and thus we have f f f f = cos sin + sin sin + cos x y z f f f = sin sin + cos sin x y f f f f = cos cos + sin cos sin . x y z (9) By the chain rule, f u f v (f T )(1, 0) = (T (1, 0)) ((1, 0)) + (T (1, 0)) ((1, 0)). s u s v s The partial derivatives on the right-hand side are (f /u) = sin u sin v , (u/s) = t2 sin(t2 s), (f /v ) = cos u cos v , and (v/s) = s/(1 + s2 ). The image of (1, 0) under T is T (1, 0) = (1, log( 2)), so to evaluate (f /u) and (f /v ) at T (1, 0), we take u = 1 and v = log( 2). The result is 1 (f T )(1, 0) = sin(1) sin(log( 2) 02 sin(02 1) + cos(1) cos(log( 2)) s 1 + 12 1 = cos(1) cos(log( 2)). 2
