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JNTU ONLINE EXAMINATIONS [Mid 2 - oc]

1.

The ratio a. b. c. d.

is known as _

, where n,n 1 are refractive index [01D01]

Incidence coefficient Reflection coefficient Zero coefficient Transmission coefficient

2.

A Ga As optical source with a refractive index of 3.6 is coupled to a Silica Fiber that has a refractive index of 1.48. If the Fiber end and the source are in close physical contact, then the Fresnel reflection at interface is _ _ [01D02] a. 2 b. 0.25 c. 0.2 d. 0.174 The emission pattern for a lambertion source __ a. B (( ,) = B0 cos b. c. B ( , ) = B 0 sin B ( ,) =B0 tan d. B ( ,) =B0 sec _ _ _relation ship [01M01]

3.

4.

The output beam from a laser diode allows significantly more light to be coupled in to an optical Fiber [01M02] a. Bulk b. Narrower c. Thick d. Discontinuous The freshed reflection or the reflectively at the Fiber - core end Face is _ a. _ _ _ [01M03]

5.

b.

c.

d.

6.

The amount of optical power emitted from a source that can be coupled in to Fiber is usually given by _ _ [01S01] a. Normal efficiency b. Coupling efficiency c. Process of coupling d. Fly lead The ratio of power coupled in to the Fiber (P F) and the power emitted from the light source (Ps) is known as _ _ _ _ [01S02] Ans:- Coupling efficiency

7.

8. _ [01S03]

__ is the optical power radiated in to a unit solid angle per unit emitting surface area

a. Radiance b. Incidence c. Reflection d. Transmission 9. Surface emitting L E D'S are characterized by lambertian output pattern, which means the source is equally bright when viewed from any __ _ _ [01S04] a. Direction b. Glass c. Y, Z direction d. Incidence a. b. c. d. 11. _ _ Incidence Reflection Transmission Radiance is specified in terms of watts per square centimeter per steradian [01S05]

10.

The number of modes that can propagate in a graded index Fiber of core size a and index profile is _ [02D01] a.

b. c. d. 12. The function of __ __ is to magnify the emitting area of the source to match exactly the core area of the Fiber end Face [02M01] a. Micro lens b. Mirror c. Operator d. Fiber The value of reflectivity corresponds to a reflection percentage of the emitted optical power back into the source is given by _ _ _ equation [02S01] a. P coupled = (1-R) P emitted b. P coupled = R P emitted c. P coupled = P emitted d. P coupled = R 2 Pemitted _ _ Can be reduced by having an index - matching material between the source and the Fiber end [02S02] a. Output power b. Power loss indecibels c. Power in watts d. Power loss in watts The optical power launched in to a Fiber depend up on the __ a. Wave length b. Brightness c. Incidence d. Reflection The radiated power per mode, a. b. c. d. Bo Bo 2
2 B 0 2 B 0

13.

14.

15.

_ of the source [02S03]

16.

is given as __

[02S04]

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17.

Two identically sized sources operating at different wave lengths but having identical radiances will launch _ __ amounts of optical power into the same Fiber [02S05] a. Different b. Equal c. Decreasing d. Increasing The degree of mode coupling occuring in a Fiber is primarily a function of a. Core -cladding index difference b. Coupling c. Fiber d. Wave length _ _ [02S06]

18.

19.

If the emitting area of the source is smaller than the core area , a miniature lens may be placed between the source and the Fiber to improve the _ _ _ [02S07] a. coupling b. Fiber quality c. Wave length d. Power coupling efficiency a. b. c. d. _ _ is most efficient lensing method [02S08] Lens Mirror Non imaging micro scope Microscope

20.

21.

_ _ Separation occurs when the Fibers have the same axis but have a gap between their end Faces [03D01] a. Lateral b. Angular c. Longitidinal d. Circular Fiber -to -Fiber coupling loss (LF) given in terms of Fiber -to -Fiber coupling efficiency (n F) is a. LF _ = __ [03M01] -1olog = -20

22.

n F b. d. 23. log nF c.

LF

LF = nF LF = 10 nF

Dash missing offset reduces the common -core area of the two Fiber end Faces [03M02] a. Axial b. Lateral c. Longitidinal d. Angular A light source is often supplied with a short Fiber _ Facilifate coupling the source to a system Fiber [03S01] a. Fly lead b. Cut c. Squashed d. Convex mirror The best coupling efficiency is achieved by a. L E D b. lens c. Direct - Butt d. Microscopic _ __ attached to it in order to

24.

25.

_ method [03S02]

26.

The Fiber to Fiber coupling efficiency is the ratio of common mode volume to _ _ [03S03] a. Number of modes in the emitting Fiber b. Area c. Fiber d. Fiber cladding The optical power in concentrated at __ _ of the Fiber core [03S04]

__

27.

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a. b. c. d. 28.

Outer Inner diameter External to Fiber Near the center

_ losses result from mechanical mis alignments because the radiation core of the emitting Fiber does not match the acceptance cone of the receiving Fiber [03S05] a. Absorption b. Convection c. Radiation d. Conduction _ _ mis alignment results when the two axes Form an angle so that the Fiber end Faces are no longer parallel [03S06] a. Lateral b. Angular c. Longitidinal d. Axial The most common mis alignment which causes the greatest power loss is [03S07] a. Lateral b. Angular c. Longitidinal d. Axial Normal cut off wave length of germanium semiconductor is a. 2.86 m b. 1.6 m c. 3.2 m d. 5.2m _ _ _

29.

30.

31.

_ _ [04D01]

32.

The pin photo diode consists of p and n regions separated by a very intrinsic region [04M01] a. Electron b. Lightly n c. Lightly p d. Lightly n&p

_ doped

33.

In pin photo diode the time it takes for an electron or hole to recombine is known as_ _ _ [04M02] a. Life time b. Life c. Carrier life time d. Depletion time Normal cut off wavelength of silicon semiconductor is a. 1.06 m b. 2m c. 1.5m d. 3.2m _ _ [04M03]

34.

35.

_ Senses the luminescent power Falling up on it and converts the variation of this optical power into a correspondingly varying electric current [04S01] a. Photo detector b. Multipliers c. Diodes d. Transistors __ Consists a photo cathode and an electron multiplier packaged in a vacuum tube [04S02] a. Photo multiplier b. Multipliers c. Diodes d. Transistors Large size and __ [04S03] _ requirements make them unsuitable for optical Fiber systems

36.

37.

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a. b. c. d. 38.

Weight High voltage Low gain Low noise _ to heat [04S04]

Pyro electric photo detectors involve the conversion of __ a. Electrons b. Charges c. Photons d. Atoms

39.

_ is used almost exclusively for Fiber optic systems because of its small size, suitable material high sensitivity and fast response time [04S05] a. Electrons b. Pyroelectric c. Multipliers d. Photo diode In Pin - photo detector, the process that general Free electron - hole pairs are called as _ _ [04S06] a. Diffusion b. Photo carriers c. Electrons d. Ions The units of band gap energy (E g)of the material is _ a. Volts b. Amperes c. Watts d. Electron volts _ _ [04S07]

40.

41.

42.

A silicon avalanche photo diode has a Quantum efficiency of 65% at a wave length at 900nm . Suppose 0.5 w of optical power produces a multiplied photo current of calculate the multiplication M [05D01] a. 10 b. 20 c. 33 d. 43 In a 100ns pulse, 6x10 6 photons at a wave length of 1300 nm fall on an InGaAS photo detector. on the average, 5.4x10 6 electron - hole pairs are generated calculate Quantum efficiency [05M01] a. 10% b. 60% c. 50% d. 90% The carrier multiplication mechanics in Avalanche- photodiodes is known as __ [05M02] a. High energy level b. Impact lonization c. Thermal breakdown d. Circuit breakdown _

43.

44.

45.

The average number of electron -hole pairs created by a carrier per unit distance travelled is called as _ _ _ [05M03] a. Ionization rate b. Thermal rate c. Break down d. Multiplication rate _ is the number of the electron - hole carrier pairs generated per incident photon of energy [05S01] a. Quantum efficiency b. Electron efficiency c. Rise time d. Speed

46.

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47.

To achieve high quantum efficiency, the _ fraction of the incident light to be absorbed [05S02] a. Deplection layer b. Avalanche c. Wave length d. Quantum

_ must be thick enough to permit a large

48.

The performance of a photo diode is often characterized by the _ _ a. Deplection layer b. Quantum layer c. Responsivity d. Incident

__ [05S03]

49.

_ __ internally multiply the primary signal photo current before it enters the input circuitry of the following amplifier [05S04] a. Pin photo diode b. Avalanche photo diode c. Diode d. Transistor The phenomenon of impact ionization to gaining high energy which is accelerated by the high electric field is _ _ [05S05] a. Ionization b. Avalanche effect c. Thermal effect d. Break down effect The multiplication (M) for all carriers generated in the photo diode is defined as __ [05S06] a. _

50.

51.

b. c. d. Mm

52.

The power signal-to-noise ratio [06M01] a.

at the output of an optical receiver is defined by _ _ _

b.

c.

d.

53.

In Fiber optic communication systems, the photo diode is generally required to detect _ [06S01] a. good optical signals b. very weak optical signals c. high signals d. photons The photo detector should have a. low efficiency b. current _ to generate a large signal power [06S02]

__

54.

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c. d. 55.

high power high quantum efficiency

the photo detector and amplifier noises should be kept as _ _ _ as possible [06S03] a. high b. low c. constant d. infinte The __ of a photo detector in an optical fiber communication system is describable in terms of minimum detectable opticalpower [06S04] a. efficiency b. output power c. sensitivity d. selectivity __ noise arises from the statistical nature the production and collecion of photo electrons when an signal is incident on a photo detector. [06S05] a. Quantum b. Dark current c. Fluctuations d. Leakage current The quantum noise current has a mean square value in a bandwidth B which is proportional to the average value of the _ [06S06] a. voltage b. power c. photo current d. leakage current The noise is the current of the continuous to flow through the bias circuit of the device when no light is incident on the photodiode [06S07] a. quantum b. photodiode dark current c. fluctuations d. leakage current The bulk dark current is directly proportional to the __ a. surface area b. power c. current d. quantum _ [06S08]

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

The _ mechanism of an avalanche photodiode is temperature sensitive [06S09] a. surface b. current c. quantum d. gain Longer links usually required operation in the __ a. 300 nm b. 400 nm c. 1300 nm d. 20, 000 nm _ wave length region [07D01]

62.

63.

The normal wave length range of silicon pin photodiode is a. 100-300 nm b. 300 nm c. 400-1100 nm d. 600-8000 nm The wave length range of Germanium avalanche photodiode is __ a. 800-1650 nm b. 300-800 nm c. 400-1100 nm d. 500-600 nm The Dark current of Germanium pin photodiode is _ _ a. 300-1000 nA

[07M01]

64.

[07M02]

65.

[07S01]

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b. c. d. 66.

50-500 nA 0-10 nA 300-2000 nA _ _ [07S02]

The Band width of InGaAS pin photodiode is _ a. 10-20 GHZ b. 6-20 GHZ c. 1-2 GHZ d. 0 to 25 GHZ

67.

The Band width of Germanium avalanche photodiode is a. 3-100 GHZ b. 2-10 GHZ c. 3-80GHZ d. 50-250 GHZ The rise time for silion pin photodiodes is a. 2-3 ns b. 0.5-1 ns c. 10-30 ns d. 50-100 ns _ _ [07S04]

__ [07S03]

68.

69.

the Bias voltage for InGaAs pin photodiode is _ a. 10 V b. 1000 V c. 5V d. 300 V the Bias voltage for Si avalanche photodiodes is _ a. 30 V b. 200 V c. 150-1000 V d. 150-400 V

_ _ [07S05]

70.

_ _ [07S06]

71.

For _ applications, Si devices operaing around 850 nm provide inexpensive solutions for most links [07S07] a. long distance b. short distance c. less gain d. less voltage Normally for langer links __ a. Si b. Ge c. In Ga AS d. Si Ge _ based photo diodes are used [07S08]

72.

73.

The most useful criteria for measuring the performance of a digital communication system is _ [08M01] a. desigin engineer b. average error probability c. system design d. error filtering pattern a. b. c. d. __ provides a larger gain factor and a broder band width [08M02] transmitter receiver source optical pre amplifier _ _ consists of a photo detctor, an amplifier and signal processing circuitry [08S01] optical source transmitter optical receiver energy device __ converts the optical energy from the fiber in to an electrical signal [08S02] conductor electrons

74.

75.

An a. b. c. d. a. b.

76.

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c. photo transistor d. photo detector 77. Most of the fiber optic systems use a __ a. Analog b. Two-level binary digital c. Discrete d. Non-periodic _ signal [08S03]

78.

a. duration b. bit period c. Quantum d. Data line 79.

the transmitted signal is a two-level binary data stream consisting of either a 0 or a 1 in a time slot of duration T b and this time slot is referred as _ _ [08S04]

the optical signal that gets coupled from the light source to the fiber becomes attenuated and as it propogates along the fiber wave guide [08S05] a. simplified b. binary format c. distorted d. linear A decision circuit compares the signal in each time slot with a certain reference voltage known as the __ level [08S06] a. zero b. infinite c. unknown d. threshold Optical amplifier is placed a head of the photo diode to __ photo detection [08S07] a. boost b. lessen c. zero level d. introduce noise in the optical signal level before

80.

81.

82.

Optical amplifier is placed such that __ _ degradation caused by thermal noise in the receiver electronics can be suppressed [08S08] a. gain b. signal c. signal to noise ratio d. input In avalanche photodiode, the additional shot noise arises from _ a. current b. avalanche gain c. voltage d. power rating Thermal noises are of [09M02] a. Fardays b. Max wells c. Gaussian d. Avalanche _ [09M01]

83.

84.

__ nature, so they can be readily treated by standard techniques

85.

The term _ __ is used customarily to describe unwanted components of an electrical signal that tend to disturb the transmission [09S01] a. Signal b. noise c. transmitter d. receiver The noise is caused by the a. Signal b. Value c. Spontaneous Fluctuations _ of current or voltage in electric circuits [09S02]

86.

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d. 87.

Receiver

_ noise arises in electronic device because of the discrete natur of current flow in the device [09S03] a. shot b. thermal c. error d. detectron a. b. c. d. _ noise arises from the radom motion of electrons in a conductor [09S04] shot thermal detectron amplifier __ produces a quantum on shot noise in the photo detector

88.

89.

The random arrival rate of __ [09S05] a. electrons b. current c. signal photons d. charges

90.

_ photo diode, gives additional shot noise due to statistical nature of the multiplication process [09S06] a. Pin b. Avalanche c. Current d. Dark current Other than quantum and thermal noise the additional photo detector noises come from the _ and _ _ _ [09S07] a. detection, current b. dark current, thermal current c. dark current, leakage current d. bias resistor, dark current _ noises arising from the detctor load resistor and from the amplifier electronics tend to dominate in applications with low signal to noise ratio when a pin photodiode is used [09S08] a. thernal b. quantum c. bias d. friction The binary digital pulse train incident on the photo detector can be given as a. b. c. d. P(t)=e -t sinwt _ __ shaping filter [10M01] P(t)=b n hp _ _ [10D01]

91.

92.

93.

94.

The equalizer in Receiver configuration is a a. linear frequency b. voltage c. current d. heat

95.

The primary photo current generatd by the photodiode is a _ from the random arrival of photons at the detector [10S01] a. constant b. time varying c. instant d. fixed time

_ poisson's process resulting

96.

If the detector is illuminated by an optical signal P(t) then the average number of electron-hole

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pairs a.

generated in a time z is _

[10S02]

b.

c.

d.

97. a. b. c. d. 98.

source error results from pulse spreading in the optical fiber [10S03] Interference Noise Quantum Inter symbol Interference [10S04]

The mean gain for a pin photo diode is __ a. 0 b. 2 c. 1 d. infinite

99.

The amplifying function in a photo diode is represented by the voltage-controlled current source which is characterized by a _ _ [10S05] a. impedance b. transconductance c. reactance d. voltage The input noise current source arises from the [10S06] a. quantum b. speak noise c. thermal noise d. wave noise _ _ of the amplifier input resistance

100.

101.

The equalizer in Receiver configuration is used to mitigate the effects of interference [10S07] a. voltage b. current c. signal distortion d. source

and inter symbol

102.

In some cases, __ _ may be used to correct the electric frequency response of the photo detector and the amplifier [10S08] a. equalizer b. transmitter c. photo detector d. amplifier The high impedance pre amplifier produces a large input __ a. R b. C c. RC d. _ time constant [11D01]

103.

104.

typical error rates for optical fiber telecommunication systems range from [11M01] a. b. 10 3 to 10 5 10 -9 to 10 -12

__ to __

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c. d. 105.

10 -6 to 108 10 -9 to 10 -25 in error probility

For unbiased data with equal probability of 1 and 0 occurences, a=b=_ [11M02] a. 1 b. 0.6 c. 0 d. 0.5

106.

The ratio of number of errors occuring over a time intervolt by the number of pulses(Nt) transmitted during this interval is __ - [11S01] a. Bit-error rate b. Pulses c. Count d. Efficiency The error rate depends on __ a. Signal b. Noise c. Signal to noise ratio d. Type at the receiver [11S02]

107.

108.

To compute the bit error rate at the receiver we have to known the _ _ _ of the signal at the equalizer output [11S03] a. type b. probability distribution c. nolse d. count If a signal S is the gaussian probability distribution function_ width of the probability distribution [11S04] a. variance b. standard deviation c. Mean d. Parabolic _ is usd to measure the

109.

110.

The is widely used to specify receiver performance since it is related to the signal-tonoise ratio required to achieve a specific bit-error rate [11S05] a. error probability b. -parameter c. variance d. noise The signal-to-noise ratio at which the transition occur is called the _ a. Threshold level b. Inching effect c. Biasing point d. Link level The low impedance pre-amplifier do not provide a a. low b. high c. zero d. equal __- [11S06]

111.

112.

_ _ receiver sensitivity [11S07]

113.

The transmitted optical power in the amplitude modulaion form is a. P(t)=Pt[1+s(t)] b. c. d. P(t)=P t[1+ms(t)] P(t)=Ptms(t) P(t)=0

_ [12M01]

114.

For a Analog receiver, the performance fidelity is measured in terms of a __ [12S01] a. Noise b. Signal-to-Noise c. Frequency

__ ratio

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d. 115.

Source

Signal to Noise ratio is defined as the ratio of the mean-square signal current to the __ [12S02] a. Noise b. Interference c. Mean-Square noise current d. Impulse current Analog technique is to use amplitude modulation of the a. source b. receiver c. noise d. power _ _ [12S03]

116.

117.

__ is the ratio of variation in current about the bias point to the input drive current [12S04] a. modulation index b. noise-signal c. power relation d. signal current In order not to introduce distortion in to the optical signal, the modulation must be confined to the _ region [12S05] a. Bias b. Linear c. Unlinear d. Power In analog receivers, the signal of the photo diode output current and inversely proportional to the _ of the circuit [12S06] a. thermal noise b. source c. impulse d. frequrncy For large optical incident on a pin photodiode, the detecion process dominates [12S07] a. quantum b. bit rate c. thermal d. band width _ noise associated with the signal

118.

119.

120.

121.

When an avalanche photodiode is employed at low signal levels and with low values of gain M. the _ term dominates [12S08] a. quantum b. circuit noise c. thermal d. bit-rat For a given set of operating conditions in avalanche photo diode, the optimum value of the avalanche gain, the signal to noise ratio is __ _ [12S09] a. small b. maximum c. zero d. infinite For low signal levels an __ a. Pin b. Avalanche c. Pyroelectric d. Multipliers __Photodiode yields a higher signal to noise ratio [12S10]

122.

123.

124.

For large received optical power levels a __ a. Pin b. Avalanche c. Pyroelectric d. Multiplier

photo diode gives better performance [12S11]

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125.

The individual frequency signals can be extracted from the combined frequency division multiplexing signal by appropriate _ at the receiver terminal [13M01] a. time sharing b. electrical filtering c. bands d. energy levels _ _ multiplexing technique requires an increase in the number of opticl components required within a particular system and therefore has not been widely used [13M02] a. frequency division b. time division c. pulse division d. space division The dominant design criteria for a specific application using either digital or analog transmission techniques are __ and _ _ [13S01] a. transmission distance, rate of information transfer b. distance delay c. delay, non periodic d. peridic, non periodic In to a. b. c. d. order to maximize the information transfer over an opticl fiber communication link it is usual _ _- serval signals on to a single fiber [13S02] de multiplex multiplex grouped tied _ _

126.

127.

128.

129.

Digital pulse modulation schemes may be extended to multi channel operation by multiplexing [13S03] a. Time division b. Pulse c. Source d. Signal receiver

130.

In _ multiplexing the optical channel band width is divided in to a non over lapping bands and each signal is arrigned one of these bands of frequencies [13S04] a. Time division b. Pulse division c. Frequency division d. Signal The separation and extration of the multiplexes signals (ie wave length separation) is performed with __ _ [13S05] a. Optical filters b. Suppressors c. dividers d. Multi channel Multiplexing technique which does not involve the application of several message signls on to single fiber is known as multiplexing [13S06] a. source b. signal c. power d. space division In _ multiplexing each signal channel is carried on a separate fiber with in a fiber bundle [13S07] a. frequency division b. space division c. time division d. multi channel The good optical isolation offered by fiber meansd the cross coupling between channels can be made _ _ _ [13S08] a. zero b. infinite c. negligible

131.

132.

133.

134.

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d. 135.

to increase

Two analyses are usually carried out to ensure that the derived system performance can be met by using link power budget and the _ _ [14M01] a. bit-error rate b. system rise time budget analysis c. receiver d. band width If the distance over which the data are to be transmitted is not too far, we may sperate in _ region [14M02] a. 500-600 nm b. 1300-1400 nm c. 200-300 nm d. 800-900 nm Pin Photo diodes bias voltages are normally less than _ _ volts [14M03] a. 200 b. 300 c. 5 d. 1 The system parameters involved in deciding between the use of an LED and a laserdiode are signal dispersion data rate, __ _ and _ __ [14M04] a. transmission distance, cost b. distance , power c. power, Fiber thickness d. losses, speed To increase the end-to end fidelity of an optical transmission line, bit-error rate is limited by optical noise and dispersion [14S01] a. forward error correction b. slew rate c. systems d. signal-to-noise _ can be used if the

136.

137.

138.

139.

140.

The simplest transmission link is a point-to -point line that has a transmitter on one end and __ on the other [14S02] a. point b. receiver c. system d. bandwidth If the transmission distance is long, we may operate in _ _ a. 500-600 nm b. 1300-1550 nm c. 200-300 nm d. 600-800 nm region [14S03]

141.

142.

_ _ receiver is simpler more stable with changes in temperature, less expensive [14S04] a. avalanche photodiode b. pyroelectric c. pin photo diod d. photo transistor Avalanche photodiode bias voltages range are normally from volts [14S05] a. 5 b. 3 c. 40 d. 20 For low optical power levels a. pin b. avalanche c. pyroelectric d. photo transistor _ V ito several hundread

143.

144.

__ photo diode is very usefull [14S06]

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145.

Modal nois is not aproblem for links operating below __ a. 10 Mb/s b. 0.1 Mb/s c. 0.003 Mb/s d. 100 Mb/s The link loss expressed in decibels are __ _ [15M01] a. loss=10 log

[15D01]

146.

b.

loss=10 log

c.

loss=

d.

loss=

147.

The optical power received at the photo detector depends on the amount of light coupled in to the fiber and the occuring in the fiber [15S01] a. losses b. output c. budget d. link A _ __ analysis is a convenient method for determining the dispersion limitation of an optical fiber link [15S02] a. loss b. power c. rise-time budget d. pulse The __ limit depends on material and modal dispersion [15S03] a. dispersion b. power c. loss d. pulse The achievable transmission distances are those that fall below the __ _ and to the left of the dispersion line [15S04] a. dispersion b. attenuation limit curve c. pulse d. material limit Greater transmission distances are possible when a Dash is missing is used in conjunction with an avalanche photo diode [15S05] a. Pin photo diode b. Transistor c. Laser diode d. spectral a. b. c. d. _ uses a set of rules for arranging the signal symbols in a particular pattern [15S06] single mode links encoding decoding signal encoding

148.

149.

150.

151.

152.

153.

_ noise arises when the light from a coherent laser is coupled in to a multimode fiber [15S07] a. thermal b. modal c. mode-partition d. chirping Passive devices operate completely in the optical domain to __ _ _ and _ _ _

154.

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light streams [16M01] a. Split, combine b. Split, uncombine c. Zero,one d. Light,dark 155. The technology of combining a number of wave lengths on to the same Fiber is known as _ _ multi plexing [16S01] a. Wave length division b. Pulse division c. Frequency division d. Time division Wave length dividion multiplexing is same as __ a. Pulse division b. Frequency division c. Pulse division d. Time division Wave length division must be properly spaced to avoid a. Noise b. Thermal c. Quantum d. Inter channel Interference The application of wave length division multiplexing is point Fiber optic transmission links [16S04] a. Capacity upgrade b. Interference c. Wavelength d. Capacity decrease a. b. c. d. 160. _ _ _ multiplexing [16S02]

156.

157.

[16S03]

158.

of existing point -to -

159.

_ _ is that each optical channel can carry any transmission Format [16S05] Pulse division Frequency division Wave length division Quantum _

Wave length division multiplexing is essentially frequency division multiflexing at __ frequencies [16S06] a. Low b. HIgh c. Optical carrier d. channel _ wave length division components include tunable optical filters,tunable sources ,and optical amplifiers [16S07] a. Passive b. Real c. Active d. Inductance To prevent spurious signals from entering a receiving channel, the demultiplexer must exhibit _ _ spectral operation [16S08] a. Broader b. Zero c. Infinite d. Narrow _ _ components can be fabricated by means of planar optical wave guides using material such as lithium niobate [16S09] a. Active b. Passive c. Lumped d. Distributed

161.

162.

163.

164.

_ _ measures the degree of isolation between the input at one port and the optical power back in to the other input port [17D01]

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a. Splitting b. Insertion c. Coupler d. Cross talk 165. _ is define as the ratio of the input to the total output power, in a 2X2 coupler [17D02] a. Noise b. Quantum c. Excess loss d. Heat loss Most passive wave length division multiplexing devices are variations of a [17M01] a. Normal b. Star - coupler c. Wind - coupler d. Delta - coupler The cross talk optical power equation is given as __ a. _ _ [17M02] _ concept

166.

167.

b. c. d.

168.

The phase of the driven Fiber always [17M03] a. Leads 900 b. Lags 90 0 c. Inphase d. Lags 180 0 The excess loss for a 22 coupler is a. b. c. d.

behind the phase of the driving Fiber

169.

[17M04]

170.

A common fabrication method for an N XN splitter is to fuse together the cores of __ single mode Fibers over length of a few millimeters [17S01] a. (N-1) b. (N+2) c. (N-2) d. N

_ _

171.

Any size star coupler can be made, in principle, provided that all Fibers can be heated uniformly during the _ _ process [17S02] a. Heating b. Coupler c. Coupler- Fabrication d. Gain For a NXM coupler, the coupler has __ _ inputs and _ _ _ outputs [17S03]

172.

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a. b. c. d. 173.

N, M (N-1),(M-1) (N+1),(M+1) (N-1)(M+1)

_ devices makes the tapers very gradual, so that only a negligible fraction of the incoming optical power is reflected back in to either of the input ports [17S04] a. Directional couplers b. Tapered coupler c. Fused coupler d. Reverse coupler The _ a. Excess b. Splitting c. Insertion d. Coupler loss refers to the loss for a particular port - to - port path [17S05]

174.

175.

The attenuation of the cable in decibels by insertion loss method is [18D01] a.

__

b. c. d.

176.

IF p F and Pn respect the output powers of the far and near ends of the Fiber, the average loss in decibels per kilometer is given by __ _ _ [18M01] a.

b.

c.

d.

177.

_ _ of optical power in a Fiber wave guide is a result of bsorption processes, scatlering mechanisms and wave guide effects [18S01] a. Dispersion b. Attenuation c. Line loading d. Single mode fibers Measuring the optical power transmitted through a long and a short length of the same fiber using identical input couplings method is known as _ _ [18S02] a. Attenuation b. Cut back technique c. Coding d. Analyzer A less accurate but non destrictive method is the cables with connectots on them [18S03] a. Thermal loss b. Quantum loss _ _ method,which is useful for

178.

179.

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c. d. 180.

Insertionloss Heat loss

The _ _ is a destructive method requiring access to both ends of the Fiber [18S04] a. Attenuation technique b. Cut back technique c. Connectors d. Optical system In_ _ _ Fiber, different launch conditions can yield different loss values [18S05] a. Single mode b. Multi mode c. Photo detector d. Madrel wrap In insertion -loss method the launch and detector coupling are made through [18S06] a. Points b. Joints c. Couplers d. Separation _ _

181.

182.

183.

In insertion -loss method, _ _ _ is the sum of the loss of the cabled Fiber and the connector between the launch connector and the cable [18S07] a. Measurment b. Attenuation c. Wave length d. Frequency In cut -back technique, if the spot size is small and its numerical operture is less than that of the Fiber core, the optical power is concentrated in the _ _ of the core [18S08] a. Side b. Surface c. Center d. Distribution For pulse dispersion the Fiber transfer function must not roll off to less than __ low frequency value for frequencies up to half the desired bit rate [19M01] a. 1 b. 0.5 c. 3 d. 4 For pulse dispersion, the r.m.s width of the Fiber impulse response must be less than _ of the pulse spacing [19M02] a. Half b. 3 c. One Quarter d. 1 _ _ produce pulse broadening of light wave signals in optical Fiber, there by limiting the information - carrying capacity [19S01] a. AQttenuation b. Dispersion c. Insertion d. Cut-back In multimode Fibers __ _ _ _ arises from the Fact that each mode in an optical pulse travels a slightly different distance and thus arrives at the Fiber end at slightly off set times [19S02] a. Inter modal dispersion b. Intramodal dispersion c. Chromatic dispersion d. Polarization _ _ sterms from the variation inthe propagation speed of the individual wave length components of an optical signal [19S03] a. Chromatic dispersion _ _ of its

184.

185.

186.

187.

188.

189.

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b. Intermodal dispersion c. Intramodal dispersion d. Polarization 190. _ _ __dispersion arises from the splitting of a polarized signal into orthogonal polarization modes, each of which has a different propagation speed [19S04] a. chromatic b. Intermodal c. Polarization d. Intramodal dispersion The transfer function of a Fiber optic cable is of importance because it contains __ information of the system [19S05] a. Gain b. Band width c. Output pattern d. Input pattern Chromatic dispersion is the primary dispersive mechansm is a. Single-mode b. Multi-mode c. Co-axial d. Light _ _ Fibers [19S06] _ _

191.

192.

193.

_ is the resulting difference in propagation times between the two orthogonal polarization modes ata given wave length will result in pulse spreading [19S07] a. Chromatic dispersion b. Polarization - mode dispersion c. Phase - shift method d. Dispersion method _ _occurs when light eners a medium that has a different index of refraction [19S08] a. Fresnel refletion b. Dispersion c. Trace d. Scatlering The Pseudorandom binary sequence pattern length is of the form a. 2N b. (2*N) c. (2 N-1) d. (1-2 N ) _ [20M01]

194.

195.

196.

_ in an optical fiber system arises from noise in the receiver and puls distortion in the optical fiber [20M02] a. noise b. pattern c. timing jitter d. accuracy _ technique is a simple but power measurement method for assessing the data -handling ability of a digital transmission system [20S01] a. dispersion b. eye-pattern c. error d. measurement Eye patterns has been usd extensively for evaluating the performance of wire systems and can also be applied to _ _ [20S02] a. eye b. light c. optical Fiber data link d. oscilloscope The eye pattern measurements are made in the __ distortion [20S03] a. Time domain b. Patterns _ and allow the effects of wave form

197.

198.

199.

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c. d. 200. To be a. b. c. d.

Fall time reflects measure system performance with the eye pattern technique, a varity of provided [20S04] time pattern word pattern fall time reflects _ _ should

201.

defines the time interval over which the received signal can be sampled with out error from inter symbol interference [20S05] a. binary sequence b. width of the eye opening c. interval d. pattern _ is the percentage ratio of the peak signal voltage V1 for an alternating bit sequence to the maximum signal voltage V2 as measured from the threshold level [20S06] a. Jitter b. Noise Margin c. Eye pattern d. Sequence

202.

203.

The rate at which the eye closes as the sampling time is varied (i e the slope of the eye-pattern sides)determines the __ for the system to timing errors [20S07] a. accuracy b. noise c. pattern d. sensitivity __- is defined as the time interval betwen the point where the rising edge of the signal reaches 10 percent of its final amplitude [20S08] a. fall time b. rise time c. noise d. mid time

204.

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