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    Soil Mechanicsclass 1

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    SUNILKHUNTIA1988
    The document discusses the rock cycle and how it relates to the origin of soil. It describes the three main types of rock - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and the processes that form each. Weathering breaks rocks down into sediments through mechanical and chemical means. The sediments are then transported and deposited in various ways, forming different soil types. Sedimentary rock can form from compacted and cemented sediments. Metamorphic rock is formed from the alteration of other rocks under heat and pressure. The rock cycle is continuous as one rock type transforms into another through various geological processes.

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    Soil Mechanicsclass 1

    Uploaded by

    SUNILKHUNTIA1988
    42 views2 pages
    The document discusses the rock cycle and how it relates to the origin of soil. It describes the three main types of rock - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and the processes that form each. Weathering breaks rocks down into sediments through mechanical and chemical means. The sediments are then transported and deposited in various ways, forming different soil types. Sedimentary rock can form from compacted and cemented sediments. Metamorphic rock is formed from the alteration of other rocks under heat and pressure. The rock cycle is continuous as one rock type transforms into another through various geological processes.

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    LECTURE NOTES

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    The document discusses the rock cycle and how it relates to the origin of soil. It describes the three main types of rock - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and the processes that form each. Weathering breaks rocks down into sediments through mechanical and chemical means. The sediments are then transported and deposited in various ways, forming different soil types. Sedimentary rock can form from compacted and cemented sediments. Metamorphic rock is formed from the alteration of other rocks under heat and pressure. The rock cycle is continuous as one rock type transforms into another through various geological processes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    42 views2 pages

    Soil Mechanicsclass 1

    Uploaded by

    SUNILKHUNTIA1988
    The document discusses the rock cycle and how it relates to the origin of soil. It describes the three main types of rock - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and the processes that form each. Weathering breaks rocks down into sediments through mechanical and chemical means. The sediments are then transported and deposited in various ways, forming different soil types. Sedimentary rock can form from compacted and cemented sediments. Metamorphic rock is formed from the alteration of other rocks under heat and pressure. The rock cycle is continuous as one rock type transforms into another through various geological processes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Rock Cycle and the Origin of Soil

    basic types of rock that form the earths crust, the rock-forming minerals, and the weathering process. On the basis of their mode of origin, rocks can be divided into three basic types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. the formation cycle of different types of rock and the processes associated with them. This is called the rock cycle.

    Igneous Rock Igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of molten magma ejected from deep within the earths mantle. After ejection by either fissure eruption or volcanic eruption, some of the molten magma cools on the surface of the earth. Weathering Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks by mechanical and chemical processes into smaller pieces. Mechanical weathering - the expansion and contraction of rocks from the continuous gain and loss of heat, which results in ultimate disintegration. - water seeps into the pores and existing cracks in rocks, the temperature drops, the water freezes and expands. Volume expansion is strong enough to break down even large rocks. - Other physical agents that help disintegrate rocks are glacier ice, wind, the running water of streams and rivers, and ocean waves.

    Chemical Weathering - the original rock minerals are transformed into new minerals by chemical reaction. - Water and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere form carbonic acid, which reacts with the existing rock minerals to form new minerals and soluble salts. - Soluble salts present in the groundwater and organic acids formed from decayed organic matter also cause chemical weathering. The weathering process continues for sedimentary and metamorphic rocks also. Transportation of Weathering Products The products of weathering may stay in the same place or may be moved to other places by ice, water, wind, and gravity. The soils formed by the weathered products at their place of origin are called residual soils. The transported soils may be classified into several groups, depending on their mode of transportation and deposition: 1. Glacial soilsformed by transportation and deposition of glaciers 2. Alluvial soilstransported by running water and deposited along streams 3. Lacustrine soilsformed by deposition in quiet lakes 4. Marine soilsformed by deposition in the seas 5. Aeolian soilstransported and deposited by wind 6. Colluvial soilsformed by movement of soil from its original place by gravity, such as during landslides. Sedimentary Rock The deposits of gravel, sand, silt, and clay formed by weathering may become compacted by overburden pressure and cemented. Cementing agents are generally carried in solution by ground-water. They fill the spaces between particles and form sedimentary rock. Ex: Limestone, Chalk, Dolomite, Rock salt etc. Sedimentary rock may undergo weathering to form sediments or may be subjected to the process of metamorphism to become metamorphic rock. Metamorphic Rock Metamorphism is the process of changing the composition and texture of rocks (without melting) by heat and pressure. During metamorphism, new minerals are formed. Ex: Marble, Slate etc. Under extreme heat and pressure, metamorphic rocks may melt to form magma, and the cycle is repeated.

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