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Examsimulation1 Solutions

The cladding temperature evolution of a nuclear fuel element is simulated. A MATLAB script calculates the 1D radial temperature distribution over time using a finite difference scheme. The temperature at the inner and outer surfaces is prescribed based on the increasing fuel and coolant temperatures. The simulation runs until steady-state is reached, defined by a small average temperature change over 1 second. Temperature profiles over time and the fuel/coolant temperature curves are plotted.

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34 views9 pages

Examsimulation1 Solutions

The cladding temperature evolution of a nuclear fuel element is simulated. A MATLAB script calculates the 1D radial temperature distribution over time using a finite difference scheme. The temperature at the inner and outer surfaces is prescribed based on the increasing fuel and coolant temperatures. The simulation runs until steady-state is reached, defined by a small average temperature change over 1 second. Temperature profiles over time and the fuel/coolant temperature curves are plotted.

Uploaded by

ardizzz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

CM Exam simulation #1 Solutions



Computational methods for energy applications and for thermo-fluid dynamics
February 2, 2011


1) The cladding of fuel elements in a nuclear reactor, see Fig. 1, has the following thermo-
physical properties: density = 6510 kg/m
3
, conductivity k = 6.6 W/m/K, specific heat =
270 J/kg/K. At the start-up, the cladding temperature T(r,t) evolves from the initial
temperature (20
o
C) to the steady-state value driven by the linear increase of the fuel
temperature (T
fuel
= T
in
= 20 + 435 (1-e
-0.5t
) [
o
C]) on the inner side. Assume that:
a. The fuel is in perfect thermal contact with the cladding, and
b. The temperature of the water outside the cladding increases in time as: T
C
=
20 + 290(1 e
-0.01t
) [
o
C]. Water removes heat with constant heat transfer
coefficient h = 1000 W/m
2
/K.


Figure 1 Schematic view of fuel cladding in a PWR reactor

Write a script in MATLAB which computes the (1D radial) temperature evolution inside
the cladding up to steady state (defined as mean temperature variation in the cladding
over 1 s smaller than 0.01 K). Plot on a single plot the temperature profile in the cladding
every 10 s up to steady state.

a) Save your script in a file to be named ES1_yoursurname.properextension.
b) Save the plot in a file to be named ES1_yoursurname_plot.properextension.


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CM Exam simulation #1 Solutions
% EXERCISE 1 (Filename: ES1_Rossi.m)

clc
clear all
close all

rho=6510;
k=6.6;
cp=270;
h=1000;
alpha=k/(rho*cp);
T0=20;
dt=1;
rint=4.5e-3;
rest=5.1e-3;
dr=1e-5;
r=[rint:dr:rest];
t(1)=0;

s = alpha*dt/(dr);
main = (1+2*s/dr)*ones(length(r),1);
low = (-s*(-1./(2*r(2:end))+1/dr));
up = (-s*(1./(2*r(1:end-1))+1/dr));
A = diag(main) + diag(low,-1) + diag(up,1);

A(1,:)=0; A(1,1)=1;
A(end,end-1)=-k/dr/h;
A(end,end)=k/dr/h+1;

funtf=inline('20+435*(1-exp(-0.5*t))');
funtc=inline('20+290*(1-exp(-0.01*t))');

Told=T0*ones(length(r),1);
Told(1)=funtf(t(1));
Told(end)=funtc(t(1));

% solving numerical problem

figure(1)
plot(r,Told,'k')
hold on
plot(rint,Told(1),'ro')
plot(rest,Told(end),'bo ')
title('Temporal evolution of temperature profile')
xlabel('Radius [m]')
ylabel('Temperature [C]')
legend('T cladding','T fuel','T coolant','location','south')
Told1=zeros(size(Told));
err=1;
toll=0.01; %K
i=1;

while err>toll
i=i+1;
t(i)=t(i-1)+dt;
Told(1)=funtf(t(i));
Told(end)=funtc(t(i));
Tnew=A\Told;
3

CM Exam simulation #1 Solutions

% we are plotting the evolution time by time

plot(r,Tnew,'k')
hold on
plot(rint,Told(1),'or')
plot(rest,Told(end),'ob')

err=mean(abs(Tnew-Told1));
Told=Tnew;
Told1=Tnew;
end

print -depsc -f1 ES1_Rossi_plot

% in order to show the fuel and coolant temperature trend, it will be
shown
% a graph containing the two functions

figure (2)
fuel=funtf(t);
plot(t,fuel,'r')
hold on
cool=funtc(t);
plot(t,cool,'b')
title('Temporal evolution of fuel and coolant temperatures')
xlabel('Radius [m]')
ylabel('Temperature [C]')
legend('T fuel','T coolant','location','southeast')


0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Temporal evolution of fuel and coolant temperatures
Radius [m]
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

[

C
]


T fuel
T coolant
4

CM Exam simulation #1 Solutions


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
















4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2
x 10
-3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Temporal evolution of temperature profile
Radius [m]
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

[

C
]


T cladding
T fuel
T coolant
5

CM Exam simulation #1 Solutions
2) Compute the steady-state temperature distribution in a blanket module for the fusion
machine DEMO, see Fig. 2. In the beryllium region (conductivity k = 149 W/m/K) a
homogeneous heat source of 6 MW/m
3
is present, while in the lithium orthosilicate
region (conductivity k = 15 W/m/K) the heat source is equal to 35 MW/m
3
. As
boundary condition, consider that the horizontal edges of the module are cooled by He
@ T = 100 K with heat transfer coefficient h = 100 W/m
2
/K; the left vertical edge is
kept at constant temperature T = 400 K, while the other is adiabatic.
Prove the grid independence of the results. Plot the temperature profile along the
vertical axis.


Figure 2 Schematic view of a DEMO HCPB blanket module.

a) Save your script in a file to be named ES2_yoursurname.properextension.
b) Save the plot in a file to be named ES2_yoursurname_plot.properextension.

// EXERCISE 2 (Filename: ES2_Rossi.edp)

real k1=149., q1=6.e6;
real k2=15., q2=35.e6;
real The=100., he=100.;
real Tfix=400.;
real l=5.e-2;
real j=5.e-3;
real h=11.e-3;

border a(t=0.,l){x=t;y=0.;};
border b(t=0.,j){x=l;y=t;};
border c(t=0.,l){x=l-t;y=j;};
border d(t=0.,j){x=0.;y=j-t;};
border e(t=0.,h){x=l;y=j+t;};
border f(t=0.,l){x=l-t;y=j+h;};
border g(t=0.,h){x=0.;y=j+h-t;};

plot(a(10)+b(10)+c(10)+d(10)+e(10)+f(10)+g(10));

mesh Th=buildmesh(a(100)+b(10)+c(100)+d(10)+e(20)+f(100)+g(20));
plot(Th);

fespace Vh(Th,P1);
Vh u,v;

6

CM Exam simulation #1 Solutions
int low=Th(l/2.,j/2.).region, up=Th(l/2.,j+h/2.).region;
Vh K=k2*(region==low)+k1*(region==up);
Vh qc=q2*(region==low)+q1*(region==up);

problem prob(u,v)= int2d(Th)(K*(dx(u)*dx(v)+dy(u)*dy(v)))
+int1d(Th,a,f)(he*u*v)
-int1d(Th,a,f)(he*The*v)
-int2d(Th)(qc*v)
+on(d,g,u=Tfix);
prob;
plot(u,fill=1,value=true,ps="ES2_Rossi_plot.eps");

{
ofstream ffa("ES2_Rossi.dat");
ffa<<"% y T"<<endl;
}

real dx=(h+j)/100.;
for(int i=0;i<=100;i++) {
{
ofstream ffa("ES2_Rossi.dat",append);
ffa<<i*dx<<" "<<u(l/2.,i*dx)<<endl;
}
}


%EXERCISE 2 (Filename: "ES2_Rossi.m")

clear all
close all
clc

load ES2_Rossi.dat

figure(1)
set(gca,'fontsize',12)
hold on
grid on
box on
plot(ES2_Rossi(:,1),ES2_Rossi(:,2),'b-','linewidth',2)
xlabel('y (m)')
ylabel('Temperature (K)')
title('Temperature distribution')

print -depsc -f1 ES2_Rossi_plot2



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CM Exam simulation #1 Solutions



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
8

CM Exam simulation #1 Solutions
3) Solve the non-linear pendulum with a forcing term:
( )
( )
0
0 0
cos sin
0
2
2
=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= +
= t
dt
d
l
g
t
l
g
dt
d
0
0
t 0
0

where l = 0.77 m, g is the gravity acceleration (g = 9.81 m/s
2
). Consider the interval
0<t<10. Plot as two separate subplots in the same figure both the evolution of the angle
with time and the trajectory of the system in the phase space.
a) Save your script in a file to be named ES3_yoursurname.properextension.
b) Save the figure in a file to be named ES3_yoursurname_plot.properextension.

% EXERCISE 3 (Filename: ES3_Rossi.m)

clc
clear all
close all

L=0.77;
g=9.81;
tfin=10;
h=0.1;
t=[0:h:tfin];
y=ones(length(t),1);
teta=ones(length(t),1);
y(1)=0;
teta(1)=0;
f_teta=inline('y');
f_y=inline('-
9.81/0.77*sin(teta)+cos(t*((pi*9.81/0.77)^0.5))','teta','t');
for i=2:length(t)
teta(i)=teta(i-1)+h*(f_teta(y(i-1)));
y(i)=y(i-1)+h*(f_y(teta(i-1),t(i-1)));
end
subplot(1,2,1)
plot(t,teta)
title('Angular velocity')
subplot(1,2,2)
plot(teta,y)
title('Trajectory')
print -depsc -f1 ES3_Rossi_plot

9

CM Exam simulation #1 Solutions

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