Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 82 views

    Hot Water System

    Uploaded by

    russellj3964
    There are two main types of hot water systems: local and central. Local systems include instantaneous electric heaters and storage cylinders. Central systems consist of a boiler coupled to a large storage vessel to meet demand. An indirect domestic hot water system is shown, where a boiler heats water in a cylinder through an indirect coil to avoid scale buildup, with venting of primary and secondary water separately.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hot Water System

    Uploaded by

    russellj3964
    82 views2 pages
    There are two main types of hot water systems: local and central. Local systems include instantaneous electric heaters and storage cylinders. Central systems consist of a boiler coupled to a large storage vessel to meet demand. An indirect domestic hot water system is shown, where a boiler heats water in a cylinder through an indirect coil to avoid scale buildup, with venting of primary and secondary water separately.

    Original Description:

    Lecture Notes

    Original Title

    Hot Water system.docx

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    There are two main types of hot water systems: local and central. Local systems include instantaneous electric heaters and storage cylinders. Central systems consist of a boiler coupled to a large storage vessel to meet demand. An indirect domestic hot water system is shown, where a boiler heats water in a cylinder through an indirect coil to avoid scale buildup, with venting of primary and secondary water separately.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    82 views2 pages

    Hot Water System

    Uploaded by

    russellj3964
    There are two main types of hot water systems: local and central. Local systems include instantaneous electric heaters and storage cylinders. Central systems consist of a boiler coupled to a large storage vessel to meet demand. An indirect domestic hot water system is shown, where a boiler heats water in a cylinder through an indirect coil to avoid scale buildup, with venting of primary and secondary water separately.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Hot Water Generation & Storage

    Hot water is used for washing and cooking. The temperature required is about 45oC. Water is usually generated at a higher temperature (55oC to 65oC) in a vessel and mixed with cold water at mixing taps or mixing valves. It is better to store water at a temperature much higher than body temperature (37oC) to reduce risk of bacteria growth and other water borne diseases. Hot water service systems may be divided into two main types: 1. Local systems 2. Central systems Local hot water systems can be further subdivided into instantaneous heaters and storage heaters: Instantaneous Electric type with output of between 0.02 litre/s and 0.05 litre/s, electrical loading from 3kW to 10kW. Storage cylinders for hot water - 7 to 70 litres capacity, with 3kW electrical heating elements. Central systems usually consist of a boiler or hot water heater coupled by circulating piping to a large storage vessel. The combination of the two will be so proportioned as to provide adequate service to the draw-off points, to match the predetermined pattern of usage. For instance, in a hospital there may be a continuous demand for hot water all day and in this case a small storage capacity with a rapid recovery period (large boiler power) is probably appropriate. Conversely, for a sports pavilion where there may be a single sudden demand following a game, a large storage capacity and a long recovery period (small boiler power) may be adequate. Most central systems use indirect hot water cylinder(s) since direct systems can require frequent cleaning as scale deposits build up inside boilers. When an indirect system is used the primary and secondary water systems have to be vented separately - primary water via. the feed and expansion (F & E) tank and secondary hot water via. the cold water storage cistern. A typical DOMESTIC system is shown below.

    Open vent pipe Cold Water Storage Tank Cold feed pipe to Hot water cylinder Hot Water Service pipe Indirect Hot Water Cylinder suitable for pressure operation

    Open vent pipe Feed & Expansion Tank

    Roofspace

    Cold water service pipe

    Shower head

    First Floor
    Water BathBasin Closet Shower mixing valve Mains Water Service

    Primary flow and return to HW cylinder Sink

    Ground Floor

    Boiler Stop valve under sink in Kitchen or Utility Room

    Incoming Mains Water Service

    Traditional or Un-Pressurised Hot and Cold Water Plumbing System for a House

    The above diagram shows an indirect hot water cylinder, known as indirect because the hot water from the boiler (primary circulation) doesn't come into direct contact with the hot water in the cylinder (secondary circulation) - this water being used for washing and cooking. The hot water cylinder, indirect coil and pipework are made of copper. It is feasible to use plastic pipework for this and polybutylene is more frequently installed especially in concealed locations. A vent is required on the hot water outlet pipe at the top of the cylinder to allow for water expansion and prevent the cylinder becoming pressurised when heated.

    You might also like