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    Topology Summary

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    nouserhere123
    The document defines basic concepts in topology including topological spaces, open and closed sets, bases for topologies, subbases for topologies, interior and closure of sets, neighborhoods, continuous functions, homeomorphisms, and convergence. A topological space is a set along with a specification of which subsets are open. A basis for a topology defines a topology using open sets. A subbasis similarly defines a topology using a collection of subbasis elements. Interior of a set is the largest open set contained in the set, while closure is the smallest closed set containing the set. A neighborhood of a point is a set containing an open set containing the point. A function between topological spaces is continuous if the preimage of every open set is

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    Topology Summary

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    nouserhere123
    87 views2 pages
    The document defines basic concepts in topology including topological spaces, open and closed sets, bases for topologies, subbases for topologies, interior and closure of sets, neighborhoods, continuous functions, homeomorphisms, and convergence. A topological space is a set along with a specification of which subsets are open. A basis for a topology defines a topology using open sets. A subbasis similarly defines a topology using a collection of subbasis elements. Interior of a set is the largest open set contained in the set, while closure is the smallest closed set containing the set. A neighborhood of a point is a set containing an open set containing the point. A function between topological spaces is continuous if the preimage of every open set is

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    Measure Theory Summary from Calaque's 2013 ETH Class Just a summary of his own script.

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    The document defines basic concepts in topology including topological spaces, open and closed sets, bases for topologies, subbases for topologies, interior and closure of sets, neighborhoods, continuous functions, homeomorphisms, and convergence. A topological space is a set along with a specification of which subsets are open. A basis for a topology defines a topology using open sets. A subbasis similarly defines a topology using a collection of subbasis elements. Interior of a set is the largest open set contained in the set, while closure is the smallest closed set containing the set. A neighborhood of a point is a set containing an open set containing the point. A function between topological spaces is continuous if the preimage of every open set is

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    87 views2 pages

    Topology Summary

    Uploaded by

    nouserhere123
    The document defines basic concepts in topology including topological spaces, open and closed sets, bases for topologies, subbases for topologies, interior and closure of sets, neighborhoods, continuous functions, homeomorphisms, and convergence. A topological space is a set along with a specification of which subsets are open. A basis for a topology defines a topology using open sets. A subbasis similarly defines a topology using a collection of subbasis elements. Interior of a set is the largest open set contained in the set, while closure is the smallest closed set containing the set. A neighborhood of a point is a set containing an open set containing the point. A function between topological spaces is continuous if the preimage of every open set is

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    of 2

    Part I

    Topological Spaces
    1
    1.1

    Topological Spaces
    Denition of Topology

    If X is a set, its power set, P (X), is a set of all possible subsets of X. Thus, the elements of P (X) are subsets of X, rather than points in X. A topology on a set X is a set T P (X) such that: 1. ;, X 2 T 2. If A is S some set (nite, countable, or uncountable) and if U 2 T 8 2 A, then 2A U 2 T . Tn 3. If n 2 N and Ui 2 T 8 i 2 N, 1 i n then ( i=1 Ui ) 2 T .

    If U 2 T then U is called an open set. If (X\U ) 2 T then U is called closed set. 1.1.1 Coarser vs. Finer

    If T 0 T then T 0 is ner than T , or equivalently, T is coarser than T 0 . If one set is ner or coarser than another, the two are comparable.

    1.2

    Basis for a Topology

    If X is a set, a basis for a topology on X is a set B P (X) such that: 1. 8 x 2 X 9 B 2 B : x 2 B. 2. IfB1 , B2 2 B and x 2 (B1 \ B2 ) then 9 B3 2 B such that x 2 B3 (B1 \ B2 ). 1.2.1 The Topology Generated by a Basis

    If B is a basis for a topology, the topology that it generates is dened as TB = {U 2 P (X) : 8 x 2 U 9 B 2 B : x 2 B U }. By complement, Closed (X) = {C 2 P (X)S 8x 2 C B 2 B : x 2 B, B \ C = ;}. : / Furthermore, it can be shown that TB = 2A B : B 2 B 8 2 A . 1.2.2 Comparing Bases Let B and B 0 be bases for topologies T and T 0 respectively. Then T 0 is ner than T if and only if 8 x 2 X, 8 (B 2 B : x 2 B) 9 B 0 2 B 0 : x 2 B 0 B.

    1.3

    S A subbasis for a topology is a set S T (X) such that P S2S S = X. The n basis generated by S is given by BS = { i=1 Si : Si 2 S, n 2 N}.

    Subbasis for a Topology

    1.4

    S The interior of a set A X is dened as int (A) := V A, V 2Open(X) V . The T closure of a set A X is dened as closure (A) := AC, (X\C)2Open(X) C.

    Interior and Closure

    1.5

    Neighborhoods

    If X is a topological space and x 2 X, a neighborhood of x, U , is a subset of X such that 9 V 2 Open (X) : x 2 V, V U . This is equivalent to saying that x 2 int (V ). Some authors (Munkres for instsance) dene a neighborhood to be open, others do not.

    1.6

    Continuous Functions

    Let X, Y be two topological spaces, and let f be a map between them f : X ! Y . f is continuous if 8 V 2 Open (Y ) , f 1 (V ) 2 Open (X). 1.6.1 Continuity at a point

    Let X, Y be two topological spaces, and let f be a map between them f : X ! Y . f is continuous at x 2 X if 8 .

    1.7

    Homeomorphism

    Let X, Y be two topological spaces. Let f : X ! Y be a bijection. If f and f 1 are continuous then f is called a homeomorphism and X and Y are called homeomorphic.

    1.8

    Convergence

    Let X be a topoogical space and {xn }n2N a sequence in X. {xn }n2N is said to converge to x 2 X if 8 U 2 Open (X) : x 2 U , 9 m 2 N : 8 n m, xn 2 U .

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