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SCS3003 Computer Graphics and Image Processing: University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

This document contains an examination for a computer graphics and image processing course. It includes 4 questions with multiple parts about topics such as raster display devices, line drawing algorithms, Bezier curves, image transformations, histogram equalization, edge detection algorithms, and constructing an algorithm to determine the amount of money in an image based on coin color and size. Students are asked to explain concepts, perform calculations, provide matrix transformations, and propose image processing steps.

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92 views5 pages

SCS3003 Computer Graphics and Image Processing: University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

This document contains an examination for a computer graphics and image processing course. It includes 4 questions with multiple parts about topics such as raster display devices, line drawing algorithms, Bezier curves, image transformations, histogram equalization, edge detection algorithms, and constructing an algorithm to determine the amount of money in an image based on coin color and size. Students are asked to explain concepts, perform calculations, provide matrix transformations, and propose image processing steps.

Uploaded by

madhura480
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO, SRI LANKA UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO SCHOOL OF COMPUTING BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE Third Year Examination in Computer

Science (2004/ 2005) Semester I - 2007

SCS3003 Computer Graphics and Image Processing


(2 HOURS) Answer ALL questions. Non-programmable calculators are allowed. No of Pages = 05 No of Questions = 04

1. (a). Describe briefly the main principles and properties of raster display devices by explaining the architecture of a raster-graphics system with a display processor. [5 marks] (b). Explain the main principles of both the DDA and Bresenham's algorithms for line drawing. Compare the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithms and explain the reasons for differences. [5 marks] (c). Explain the midpoint circle algorithm and discuss the computational efficiency of it. [6 marks]

(d). What are the main properties of Bezier curves? [3marks]

(e). Obtain the Bezier curve function defined by the four control points (2,1), (1,2), (0,-1), (-2,0). Calculate the Bezier curve function at u=0.5 and u=0.75 and hence sketch the Bezier curve. [6 marks]

2. (a). In two dimensions, determine the conditions which are needed for a rotation followed by a scaling to produce the same result as the same scaling followed by the same rotation. Clearly indicate the steps of your calculations. [6 marks]

(b). Which transformation sequence will transform the shape from figure A to figure B? Write down the transformation matrices and show how a composition of those matrices can be made.

[7 marks]

(c). A polygon has three vertices, V0 = (1, 1), V1 = (5, 5), and V2 = (11, 2). What will be the intensity at the point (7, 3) using Gouraud shading if the intensities at the three vertices are given as I0 = 2, I1 = 12, and I2 = 9? [6 marks]

(d). Assume, for some reason, that the normal square clipping window is to be replaced by a triangular window.

y
(0,1)

(-1,0)
.

(1,0)

(i) Describe an outcode scheme for testing the visibility of points and lines with respect to this window. (ii). What constitutes a trivial acceptance and trivial rejection for points? [6 marks]

3. (a). Histogram equalization is a widely used image processing operation. Describe this operation. Why is this operation useful? [4 marks]

(b). A common procedure for image enhancement combines high-frequency emphasis and histogram equalization to achieve edge sharpening and contrast enhancement. Explain whether or not it matters which process is applied first. [5 marks]

(c). Perform histogram equalization on the following image which has 8 discrete pixel levels (07). Transform it into a histogram equalized image also with 8 discrete grey levels in the range (0-7). Calculate probabilities of different pixels, cumulative probability and rounded cumulative probability. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 2 1 1 5 2 3 3 2 6 1 1 5 6 2 2 4 4 1 1 5 7 2 2 4 4 1 1 5 2 3 3 2 4 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 [10 marks]

(d). Images generated by an electronic microscope are being inspected. In order to simplify the inspection task, digital image enhancement is used. When a representative set of images is examined, following problems are found: (i) bright, isolated dots that are of no interest (ii) lack of sharpness (iii) not enough contrast in some images Image enhancement can be used to correct all these problems. Propose a sequence of image processing steps to overcome these problems. [6 marks]

4. (a). A common measure of transmission for digital data is the number of bits transmitted per second (bit/s). Generally, transmission is accomplished in packets consisting of a start bit, a byte (8 bits) of information, and a stop bit. Using this approximation, answer the following: (i) How many minutes would it take to transmit a 512 512 image with 256 gray levels at 9600 bit/s? (ii) What should be the capacity (bit/s) of a digital transfer channel, if images described in item a. (25 images/second) are to be transferred in real time? [5 marks]

(b). The Sobel operator computes the gradient along the x and y directions using two masks Mx and My in order to approximate the gradient at each location (x,y). (i) Write a 3x3 array for each mask Mx and My. (ii) What mathematical operation on an image array is approximated by the Sobel operator? [4 marks]

(c).Compare the Canny and Sobel edge detectors, listing comparative advantages and disadvantages of each. [6 marks]

(d). Construct an algorithm that will determine the amount of money in the picture given below. This is a color image. You need to construct ways to tell the difference in the coins. You can use color and size. [10 marks]

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