ECE 595, Section 10 Numerical Simulations Lecture 1: Introduction to Numerical Simulations
Prof. Peter Bermel January 7, 2013
Outline
Motivation My Background and Research Topics for This Class Goals for This Class Assignments Grading
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ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
Motivation for This Class
Teach new investigators how to use computers to achieve their research goals The purpose of computing is insight, not numbers! Richard W. Hamming
RW Hamming (left), developing errorcorrecting codes (AT&T)
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ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
My Background
All degrees in Physics Began with Bachelors at UNC: undergrad research simulating molecular electrostatics Continued with Masters at Cambridge University: linear photonic bandstructures Completed Ph.D. at MIT on active materials in photonic crystals (Advisor: JD Joannopoulos) Continued with postdoc on applications in photovoltaics & thermophotovoltaics (Advisor: M Soljacic)
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My Research
Key areas:
Photovoltaics Thermophotovoltaics Nonlinear optical combs
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Light Management in Photovoltaics
Wafer cell
glass
Absorbed
silicon
silicon
200 m
aluminum Si thin film
Lost energy
2 m
PhC thin film
Absorbed
2 m
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ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
Thermophotovoltaics (TPV) Enables Unique Energy Systems
TPV portable power generator*
Solar TPV utility scale electricity
*R. Pilawa-Podgurski et al., APEC 25, 961 (2010); P. Bermel et al., Opt. Express 18, A314 (2010) Castro et al., Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 92, 1697 (2008); E. Rephaeli & S. Fan, Opt. Express 17, 15145 (2009)
M.
RTPV for long, remote missions
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Schock et al., Acta Astronaut. 37, 21 (1995); S.-Y. Lin et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 380 (2003); D. Wilt et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 890, 335 (2007)
A.
ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
Higher-Harmonic Generation (HHG) with Nonlinear Optical Combs
Here, a high figure of merit for the resonators increase effective coupling for more efficient HHG.
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Topics Covered In This Class
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ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
Computational Complexity
Study of the complexity of algorithms Based on Turing machines Often, one compares algorithms for best scaling in large problems
Alan Turing (from University of Calgary Centenary event)
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ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
Eigenproblems
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Crystal Bandstructures
Periodic (crystalline) media
Periodic atoms: semiconductors with electronic bandgaps Periodic dielectrics: photonic crystals with photonic bandgaps
1D 2D 3D
periodic crystalline structures
Many potential applications for both
Joannopoulos et al., Photonic Crystals (2008)
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PBG for diamond structure
Discrete Fourier Transforms
J.W. Cooley (IEEE Global History Network)
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ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
Finite-Element Methods
For 2D or 3D problems, divide space into a mesh Solve a wide array of partial differential equations well suited for multiphysics problems
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Finite-Difference Time Domain
Discretize space and time on a Yee lattice Leapfrog time evolution of Maxwells equations:
dB = E J B B B dt dD = H J DD dt D = E H = B/
Implemented in MEEP: nanohub.org/topics/MEEP
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Transfer Matrices and Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis
Divide space into layers for efficiency For uniform layers transfer matrix approach For periodic gratings or similar in certain layers RCWA
From the CAvity Modeling FRamework (CAMFR)
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Goals for This Class
Learn/review key mathematics Learn widely-used numerical techniques just discussed Become a capable user of software utilizing these techniques Appreciate strengths and weaknesses of competing algorithms; learn how to evaluate the results Convey your research results to an audience of your new colleagues
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Key Policies
Textbooks:
Salah Obayya, Computational Photonics JD Joannopoulos et al., Photonic Crystals
Communication:
Course website: http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~pbermel/ece595/ nanoHUB group: https://nanohub.org/groups/ece595 Email: [email protected]
Full list of policies given on handout; also available under Syllabus on Blackboard
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Quizzes
Will periodically questions online about the lecture Should be after videos are posted No trick questions just designed to make sure youre keeping up with the material
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ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
Class Participation
Your attendance is important Will be grading your involvement, enthusiasm, and respect for your peers in the class Not grading your percentage of correct answers during class
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ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
Homework
Homework is essential to learn the material 8 total homework assignments this semester, once every other week
First one will be available Jan. 11, due Jan. 18 Two weeks in a row before Spring Break
Due at 4:30 pm on the listed dates to [email protected]
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ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
Final Project
Chance for you to teach the rest of the class about a numerical computing topic that interests you! OK to pick something related to your research as long as its new I can suggest topics if youre not sure what to do Can ask peers for general advice but all details and presentations should be done by you
1/7/2013 ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
Grading
Grading Item Quizzes Class Participation Homework Final Project TOTAL Points 100 100 100 200 500 Date Various All Semester Every Other Week End of Semester
Numerical grades of 60% or above will pass Roughly speaking: As will be 90% +; Bs 80-89%; Cs 70-79% Final letter grades will be assigned at my discretion
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Next Class
Discussion of specific goals for numerical computing Please read Obayya, Chapter 1
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ECE 595, Prof. Bermel
