Icl 8211
Icl 8211
Icl 8211
ICL8211, ICL8212
Programmable Voltage Detectors
Description
The Harris ICL8211/8212 are micropower bipolar monolithic integrated circuits intended primarily for precise voltage detection and generation. These circuits consist of an accurate voltage reference, a comparator and a pair of output buffer/drivers. Specically, the ICL8211 provides a 7mA current limited output sink when the voltage applied to the THRESHOLD terminal is less than 1.15V (the internal reference). The ICL8212 requires a voltage in excess of 1.15V to switch its output on (no current limit). Both devices have a low current output (HYSTERESIS) which is switched on for input voltages in excess of 1.15V. The HYSTERESIS output may be used to provide positive and noise free output switching using a simple feedback network.
April 1994
Features
High Accuracy Voltage Sensing and Generation Internal Reference 1.15V Typical Low Sensitivity to Supply Voltage and Temperature Variations Wide Supply Voltage Range Typ. 1.8V to 30V Essentially Constant Supply Current Over Full Supply Voltage Range Easy to Set Hysteresis Voltage Range Dened Output Current Limit ICL8211 High Output Current Capability ICL8212
Applications
Low Voltage Sensor/Indicator High Voltage Sensor/Indicator Nonvolatile Out-of-Voltage Range Sensor/Indicator Programmable Voltage Reference or Zener Diode Series or Shunt Power Supply Regulator Fixed Value Constant Current Source
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER ICL8211CPA ICL8211CBA ICL8211CTY ICL8211MTY (Note 1) ICL8212CPA ICL8212CBA ICL8212CTY ICL8212MTY (Note 1) NOTE: 1. Add /883B to part number if 883B processing is required TEMPERATURE RANGE 0oC to +70oC 0oC to +70oC 0oC to +70oC -55oC to +125oC PACKAGE 8 Lead Plastic DIP 8 Lead SOlC (N) 8 Pin Metal Can 8 Pin Metal Can 8 Lead Plastic DIP 8 Lead SOlC (N) 8 Pin Metal Can 8 Pin Metal Can
Pinouts
ICL8211 (PDIP, SOIC) TOP VIEW ICL8211 (CAN) TOP VIEW
HYSTERESIS NC HYSTERESIS THRESHOLD OUTPUT 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 V+ NC NC OUTPUT GROUND NC 3 4 GROUND 5 NC 2 6 NC THRESHOLD 1 8 7 V+
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Users should follow proper I.C. Handling Procedures. Copyright
File Number
3184.1
7-161
1.15V
3 THRESHOLD
Q7 R1 20M
Q23
R3 360k
Q21
7-162
Thermal Information
Thermal Resistance JA JC Plastic DIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150oC/W Plastic SOIC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180oC/W Metal Can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156oC/W 68oC/W Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300oC (SOIC - Lead Tips Only) Current into Any Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30mA
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specication is not implied.
Operating Conditions
Operating Temperature Range ICL8211M/8212M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to +125oC ICL8211C/8212C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0oC to +70oC Storage Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65oC to +150oC
Electrical Specications
PARAMETER Supply Current
V+ = 5V, TA = +25oC Unless Otherwise Specied ICL8211 ICL8212 MAX 40 250 1.19 1.19 1.20 MIN 50 10 1.00 1.00 1.05 TYP 110 20 1.15 1.145 1.165 -0.5 MAX 250 40 1.19 1.19 1.20 UNITS A A V V V mV
SYMBOL I+
VTH
V+ = 5V V+ = 2V V+ = 30V
Threshold Voltage Disparity Between Output & Hysteresis Output Guaranteed Operating Supply Voltage Range Minimum Operating Supply Voltage Range
VTHP
IOUT = 4mA IHYST = 7mA VOUT = 2V VHYST = 3V +25oC (Note 3) 0oC to +70oC (Note 3)
VSUPPLY
2.0 2.2 -
30 30 -
2.0 2.2 -
30 30 -
V V V V V ppm/oC mV
VSUPPLY
Threshold Voltage Temperature Coefficient Variation of Threshold Voltage with Supply Voltage Threshold Input Current
VTH/T VTH/V+
ITH
15 -
100 5 0.17 35 -
nA nA A A A A V V mA mA A
IOLK
VOUT = 30V
VOUT = 5V
Output Saturation Voltage Max Available Output Current Hysteresis Leakage Current
VSAT
IOUT = 4mA
IOH
ILHYS
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ICL8211, ICL8212
Electrical Specications
PARAMETER Hysteresis Sat Voltage V+ = 5V, TA = +25oC Unless Otherwise Specied (Continued) ICL8211 SYMBOL VHYS(MAX) TEST CONDITIONS IHYST = -7A, measured with respect to V+ VTH = 1.3V MIN TYP -0.1 MAX -0.2 MIN ICL8212 TYP -0.1 MAX -0.2 UNITS V
IHYS (MAX)
VTH = 1.3V
-15
-21
-15
-21
Electrical Specications
ICL8211MTY/8212MTY
V+ = 5V, TA = -55oC to +125oC ICL8211 ICL8212 MAX 100 350 1.30 1.30 30 400 20 0.5 15 0.2 0.3 MIN 0.80 0.80 2.8 9 TYP 350 100 MAX 350 100 1.30 1.30 30 400 20 0.5 0.2 0.3 UNITS A A V V V nA A A V V mA mA A V
SYMBOL I+
MIN -
TYP -
VTH
V+ = 2.8V V+ = 30V
Guaranteed Operating Supply Voltage Range Threshold Input Current Output Leakage Current
3 -
Output Saturation Voltage Max Available Output Current Hysteresis Leakage Current Hysteresis Saturation Voltage Max Available Hysteresis Current NOTES:
VSAT
IOUT = 3mA
IOH
(Notes 3 & 4) VOUT = 5V V+ = 10V VHYST = GND IHYST = -7A measured with respect to V+
ILHYS VHYS(MAX)
IHYS (MAX)
VTH = 1.3V
10
10
1. The maximum output current of the ICL8211 is limited by design to 15mA under any operating conditions. The output voltage may be sustained at any voltage up to +30V as long as the maximum power dissipation of the device is not exceeded. 2. The maximum output current of the ICL8212 is not defined. And systems using the ICL8212 must therefore ensure that the output current does not exceed 30mA and that the maximum power dissipation of the device is not exceeded. 3. Threshold Trip Voltage is 0.80V(min) to 1.30V(mas). At IOUT = 3mA.
7-164
-20
100
10 0.0 1.1 1.15 1.2 2.0 3.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 -40 -20 0 +20 +40
o
+60
+80
TEMPERATURE ( C)
(ICL8211 ONLY)
150 VTH = 0.9V SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 125 100 75 50 25 TA = +25oC V+ = +5V OUTPUTS OPEN CIRCUIT
75
50
25 VTH = 1.3V 0 10 20 30 0 0.0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1.0 1.1 1.15 1.2 2.0 THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (VTH) (IRREGULAR SCALE) 4.0
VTH = 1.3V
4 2
7-165
(ICL8211 ONLY)
(Continued)
1.18 IO = 4mA, VO = 1V IHYS = -7A, VHYS = (V+ -2) V
1.13
V+ = +5V IO = 1mA, VOUT = +5V IHYS = -7A, VHST = 0V -25 +5 +35 +65 TEMPERATURE (oC) +95 +125
-55
12
TA = +25oC V+ = +5V
VTH = 1.0V 6
6 V+ = +5V VTH = 1.1V VO = 1.0V 5 -55 -25 +5 +35 +65 +95 +125
VTH = 1.147V 3
0 HYSTERESIS OUTPUT CURRENT (A) -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -10.00 VT = 1.18V TA = +25oC V+ = +10V VT = 1.144V VT = 1.143V
-1.00
-0.10
-0.01
7-166
(ICL8212 ONLY)
150 TA = +25oC V+ = +5V OUTPUTS OPEN CIRCUIT
125
100
VTH = 1.3V
100
75
75
50
50
25 25 VTH = 0.9V 0 0 10 20 30 SUPPLY VOLTAGE 0 0.0 1.0 1.1 1.15 1.2 2.0 4.0 THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (VTH) (IRREGULAR SCALE)
150 125 100 75 50 25 0 -55 -25 +5 +35 +65 +95 +125 TEMPERATURE (oC) V+ = 5V OUTPUTS OPEN CIRCUIT VTH = 1.3V OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
30 25 20 15 10 5 OUTPUT 0 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 TA = V+ = 5V VOUT = 4V VHYS = V+ -0.25V HYSTERESIS OUTPUT +25oC
0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 1.20 HYSTERESIS OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 100
VTH = 0.9V
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
1.18
1.15
1.15
1.14
TA = +25oC IOUT = 4mA, VOUT = 1V IHYS = -7A, VHYS = (V+ -2) V 1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 4050
1.14 -55
1.13 -25 +5 +35 +65 +95 +125 TEMPERATURE (oC) SUPPLY VOLTAGE
FIGURE 17. THRESHOLD VOLTAGE TO TURN OUTPUTS JUST ON AS A FUNCTION OF SUPPLY VOLTAGE
7-167
Detailed Description
The ICL8211 and ICL8212 use standard linear bipolar integrated circuit technology with high value thin lm resistors which dene extremely low value currents. Components Q1 through Q10 and R1, R2 and R3 set up an accurate voltage reference of 1.15V. This reference voltage is close to the value of the bandgap voltage for silicon and is highly stable with respect to both temperature and supply voltage. The deviation from the bandgap voltage is necessary due to the negative temperature coefcient of the thin lm resistors (-5000 ppm per oC). Components Q2 through Q9 and R2 make up a constant current source; Q2 and Q3 are identical and form a current mirror. Q8 has 7 times the emitter area of Q9, and due to the current mirror, the collector currents of Q8 and Q9 are forced to be equal and it can be shown that the collector current in Q8 and Q9 is
IC (Q8 or Q9) = 1 R2 x kT q In7
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 -55
TEMPERATURE (oC)
or approximately 1A at +25oC
Where k = Boltzmans Constant q = Charge on an Electron and T = Absolute Temperature in oK
20 VTH = 1.158V 10
Transistors Q5, Q6, and Q7 assure that the VCE of Q3, Q4, and Q9 remain constant with supply voltage variations. This ensures a constant current supply free from variations. The base current of Q1 provides sufcient start up current for the constant source; there being two stable states for this type of circuit - either ON as dened above, or OFF if no start up current is provided. Leakage current in the transistors is not sufcient in itself to guarantee reliable startup. Q4 is matched to Q3 and Q2; Q10 is matched to Q9. Thus the IC and VBE of Q10 are identical to that of Q9 or Q8. To generate the bandgap voltage, it is necessary to sum a voltage equal to the base emitter voltage of Q9 to a voltage proportional to the difference of the base emitter voltages of two transistors Q8 and Q9 operating at two current densities.
Thus 1.5 = VBE (Q9 or Q10) + R3 R2 R3 R2 x kT q
which provides:
= 12 (approximately.)
The total supply current consumed by the voltage reference section is approximately 6A at room temperature. A voltage at the THRESHOLD input is compared to the reference 1.15V by the comparator consisting of transistors Q11 through Q17. The outputs from the comparator are limited to two diode drops less than V+ or approximately 1.1V. Thus the base current into the hysteresis output transistor is limited to about 500nA and the collector current of Q19 to 100A. In the case of the ICL8211, Q21 is proportioned to have 70 times the emitter area of Q20 thereby limiting the output current to approximately 7mA, whereas for the ICL8212
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ICL8211, ICL8212
almost all the collector current of Q19 is available for base drive to Q21, resulting in a maximum available collector current of the order of 30mA. It is advisable to externally limit this current to 25mA or less. as TTL or CMOS using a single pullup resistor. There is a guaranteed TTL fanout of 2 for the ICL8211 and 4 for the ICL8212. A principal application of the ICL8211 is voltage level detection, and for that reason the OUTPUT current has been limited to typically 7mA to permit direct drive of an LED connected to the positive supply without a series current limiting resistor. On the other hand the ICL8212 is intended for applications such as programmable zener references, and voltage regulators where output currents well in excess of 7mA are desirable. Therefore, the output of the ICL8212 is not current limited, and if the output is used to drive an LED, a series current limiting resistor must be used. In most applications an input resistor divider network may be used to generate the 1.15V required for VTH. For high accuracy, currents as large as 50A may be used, however for those applications where current limiting may be desirable, (such as when operating from a battery) currents as low as 6mA may be considered without a great loss of accuracy. 6mA represents a practical minimum, since it is about this level where the devices own input current becomes a signicant percentage of that owing in the divider network.
V+ 1 2 VTH 3 VO VHYST RL2 VO2 VO1 4 6 5 CMOS OR TTL GATES 8 7 PULLUP RESISTOR
Applications
The ICL8211 and ICL8212 are similar in many respects, especially with regard to the setup of the input trip conditions and hysteresis circuitry. The following discussion describes both devices, and where differences occur they are clearly noted.
General Information
Threshold Input Considerations Although any voltage between -5V and V+ may be applied to the THRESHOLD terminal, it is recommended that the THRESHOLD voltage does not exceed about +6V since above that voltage the threshold input current increases sharply. Also, prolonged operation above this voltage will lead to degradation of device characteristics. The outputs change states with an input THRESHOLD voltage of approximately 1.15V. Input and output waveforms are shown in Figure 21 for a simple 1.15V level detector.
INPUT VOLTAGE (RECOMMENDED RANGE -5 TO +5V) V+ 1 2 VTH 3 4 8 7 6 5 RL1 (V+ MUST BE EQUAL OR EXCEED 1.8V)
INPUT 1 2 0 VTH 3 4 8 7 6 5
V+
1.15V
R2
R1
The HYSTERESIS output is a low current output and is intended primarily for input threshold voltage hysteresis applications. If this output is used for other applications it is suggested that output currents be limited to 10A or less. The regular OUTPUTs from either the ICL8211 or ICL8212 may be used to drive most of the common logic families such
Case 1. High accuracy required, current in resistor network unimportant Set I = 50A for VTH = 1.15V R1 20k Case 2. Good accuracy required, current in resistor network important Set I = 7.5A for VTH = 1.15V R1 150k
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ICL8211, ICL8212
INPUT 1 2 INPUT VOLTAGE R1 V3 4 8 7 6 5 V+
R2
The disadvantage of the simple detection circuits is that there is a small but nite input range where the outputs are neither totally ON nor totally OFF. The principle behind hysteresis is to provide positive feedback to the input trip point such that there is a voltage difference between the input voltage necessary to turn the outputs ON and OFF. The advantage of hysteresis is especially apparent in electrically noisy environments where simple but positive voltage detection is required. Hysteresis circuitry, however, is not limited to applications requiring better noise performance but may be expanded into highly complex systems with multiple voltage level detection and memory applicationsrefer to specic applications section. There are two simple methods to apply hysteresis to a circuit for use in supply voltage level detection. These are shown in Figure 27. The circuit of Figure 27A requires that the full current owing in the resistor network be sourced by the HYSTERESIS output, whereas for circuit Figure 27B the current to be sourced by the HYSTERESIS output will be a function of the ratio of the two trip points and their values. For low values of hysteresis, circuit Figure 27B is to be preferred due to the offset voltage of the hysteresis output transistor. A third way to obtain hysteresis (ICL8211 only) is to connect a resistor between the OUTPUT and the THRESHOLD terminals thereby reducing the total external resistance between the THRESHOLD and GROUND when the OUTPUT is switched on.
Input voltage to change to output states (R1 + R2) = x 1.15V R1 FIGURE 24. RANGE OF INPUT VOLTAGE GREATER THAN +1.15 VOLTS
Setup Procedures For Voltage Level Detection Case 1. Simple voltage detection no hysteresis Unless an input voltage of approximately 1.15V is to be detected, resistor networks will be used to divide or multiply the unknown voltage to be sensed. Figure 25 shows procedures on how to set up resistor networks to detect INPUT VOLTAGES of any magnitude and polarity.
VREF (+VE) MAY BE ANY STABLE VOLTAGE VOLTAGE REFERENCE GREATER THAN 1.15V 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5
V+
R2
R1
Practical Applications
Low Voltage Battery Indicator (Figure 28) This application is particularly suitable for portable or remote operated equipment which requires an indication of a depleted or discharged battery. The quiescent current taken by the system will be typically 35A which will increase to 7mA when the lamp is turned on. R3 will provide hysteresis if required. Nonvolatile Low Voltage Detector (Figure 29) In this application the high trip voltage VTR2 is set to be above the normal supply voltage range. On power up the initial condition is A. On momentarily closing switch S1 the operating point changes to B and will remain at B until the supply voltage drops below VTR1, at which time the output will revert to condition A. Note that state A is always retained if the supply voltage is reduced below VTR1 (even to zero volts) and then raised back to VNOM. Nonvolatile Power Supply Malfunction Recorde (Figure 30 and Figure 31) In many systems a transient or an extended abnormal (or absence of a) supply voltage will cause a system failure. This failure may take the form of information lost in a volatile semiconductor memory stack, a loss of time in a timer or even possible irreversible damage to components if a supply voltage exceeds a certain value. It is, therefore, necessary to be able to detect and store the fact that an out-of-operating range supply voltage condition has occurred, even in the case where a supply voltage may
Range of input voltage less than +1.15V Input voltage to change the output states R2VREF (R1 + R2) x 1.15 = R1 R1 FIGURE 25. INPUT RESISTOR NETWORK SETUP PROCEDURES
For supply voltage level detection applications the input resistor network is connected across the supply terminals as shown in Figure 26.
V+ 1 2 3 4 R1 VO 8 7 6 5 INPUT VOLTAGE OR SUPPLY VOLTAGE
R2
7-170
ICL8211, ICL8212
V+ R3 1 R2 2 3 4 R1 VO 8 7 6 5 150k R2 R3 (NOTE 1)
1 2 3 4 ICL8211
8 7 6 5 LED LAMP
Low trip voltage VTR1 = (R1 + R2) x 1.15 + 0.1V R1 (R1 + R2 + R3) R1 FIGURE 27A.
V+ RQ RS
NOTE 1. R3 OPTIONAL
V+ S1
1 2 3 4 FIG 7
8 7 6 5 VO
R3
1 2
8 7 6 5 OUTPUT RL
R2
3 4
RP
R1
Low trip voltage RQRS + RP VTR1 = (RQ + RS) High trip voltage VTR2 = (RP + RQ) RP x 1.15V
1 x RP
x 1.15V
FIGURE 29A.
FIGURE 27B.
B OFF ON
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON A
OFF
VTR2
VTR1
VNOM
VTR2
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
FIGURE 27C. FIGURE 27. TWO ATERNATIVE VOLTAGE DETECTION CIRCUITS EMPLOYING HYSTERESIS TO PROVIDE PAIRS OF WELL DEFINED TRIP VOLTAGES
7-171
ICL8211, ICL8212
have dropped to zero. Upon power up to the normal operating voltage this record must have been retained and easily interrogated. This could be important in the case of a transient power failure due to a faulty component or intermittent power supply, open circuit, etc., where direct observation of the failure is difcult. A simple circuit to record an out of range voltage excursion may be constructed using an ICL8211, an ICL8212 plus a few resistors. This circuit will operate to 30V without exceeding the maximum ratings of the ICs. The two voltage limits dening the in range supply voltage may be set to any value between 2.0V and 30V. The ICL8212 is used to detect a voltage, V2, which is the upper voltage limit to the operating voltage range. The ICL8211 detects the lower voltage limit of the operating voltage range, V1. Hysteresis is used with the ICL8211 so that the output can be stable in either state over the operating voltage range V1 to V2 by making V3 - the upper trip point of the ICL8211 much higher in voltage than V2. The output of the ICL8212 is used to force the output of the ICL8211 into the ON state above V2. Thus there is no value of the supply voltage that will result in the output of the ICL8211 changing from the ON state to the OFF state. This may be achieved only by shorting out R3 for values of supply voltage between V1 and V2. Constant Current Sources (Figure 32) The ICL8212 may be used as a constant current source of value of approximately 25A by connecting the THRESHOLD terminal to GROUND. Similarly the ICL8211 will provide a 130A constant current source. The equivalent parallel resistance is in the tens of megohms over the supply voltage range of 2V to 30V. These constant current sources may be used to provide basing for various circuitry including differential ampliers and comparators. See Typical Operating Characteristics for complete information. Programmable Zener Voltage Reference (Figure 33) The ICL8212 may be used to simulate a zener diode by connecting the OUTPUT terminal to the VZ output and using a resistor network connected to the THRESHOLD terminal to program the zener voltage
VZENER = (R1 + R2) R1 x 1.l5V.
V+ R3 R4 1 2 3 4 R5 ICL8212 8 7 6 5 R2 S1 RESET
1 2 3 4 ICL8211
8 7 6 5 OUTPUT R6
R1
OUTPUT ICL8212
VNOM
VNOM
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
V1 SUPPLY VOLTAGE
V2
V3
V2 SUPPLY VOLTAGE
V1
V2
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
FIGURE 31. OUTPUT STATES OF THE ICL8211 AND ICL8212 AS A FUNCTION OF THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE
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ICL8211, ICL8212
Since there is no internal compensation in the ICL8212 it is necessary to use a large capacitor across the output to prevent oscillation. Zener voltages from 2V to 30V may be programmed and typical impedance values between 300A and 25A will range from 4 to 7. The knee is sharper and occurs at a signicantly lower current than other similar devices available.
V+ 1 8 7 6 5
This regulator may be used with lower input voltages than most other commercially available regulators and also consumes less power for a given output control current than any commercial regulator. Applications would therefore include battery operated equipment especially those operating at low voltages. High Supply Voltage Dump Circuit (Figure 35) In many circuit applications it is desirable to remove the power supply in the case of high voltage overload. For circuits consuming less than 5mA this may be achieved using an ICL8211 driving the load directly. For higher load currents it is necessary to use an external pnp transistor or darlington pair driven by the output of the ICL8211. Resistors R1 and R2 set up the disconnect voltage and R3 provides optional voltage hysteresis if so desired.
V+ R2 R3 1 2 3 4 R1 ICL8211 8 7 6 5 V+ CIRCUIT BEING PROTECTED V-
=
I 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5
OR
2 3 4
IS
2 1
5F
OUT
Precision Voltage Regulator (Figure 34) The ICL8212 may be used as the controller for a highly stable series voltage regulator. The output voltage is simply programmed, using a resistor divider network R1 and R2. Two capacitors C1 and C2 are required to ensure stability since the ICL8212 is uncompensated internally.
V+ 1 UNREG2 ULATED DC SUPPLY 3 4 ICL8212 8 7 6 5 R1 C1 C2 R3 Q1 R2 V+
Frequency Limit Detector (Figure 36) Simple frequency limit detectors providing a GO/NO-GO output for use with varying amplitude input signals may be conveniently implemented with the ICL8211/8212. In the application shown, the rst ICL8212 is used as a zero crossing detector. The output circuit consisting of R3, R4 and C2 results in a slow output positive ramp. The negative range is much faster than the positive range. R5 and R6 provide hysteresis so that under all circumstances the second ICL8212 is turned on for sufcient time to discharge C3. The time constant of R7 C3 Is much greater than R4 C2. Depending upon the desired output polarities for low and high input frequencies, either an ICL8211 or an ICL8212 may be used as the output driver. This circuit is sensitive to supply voltage variations and should be used with a stabilized power supply. At very low frequencies the output will switch at the input frequency. Switch Bounce Filter (Figure 37) Single pole single throw (SPST) switches are less costly and more available than single pole double throw (SPDT) switches.
VOUT =
R2 + R1 x 1.15V R1
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ICL8211, ICL8212
SPST switches range from push button and slide types to calculator keyboards. A major problem with the use of switches is the mechanical bounce of the electrical contacts on closure. Contact bounce times can range from a fraction of a millisecond to several tens of milliseconds depending upon the switch type. During this contact bounce time the switch may make and break contact several times. The circuit shown in Figure 37 provides a rapid charge up of C1 to close to the positive supply voltage (V1) on a switch closure and a corresponding slow discharge of C1 on a switch break. By proportioning the time constant of R1 C1 to approximately the manufacturers bounce time the output as terminal #4 of the ICL8211/8212 will be a single transition of state per desired switch closure Low Voltage Power Disconnect (Figure 38) There are some classes of circuits that require the power supply to be disconnected if the power supply voltage falls below a certain value. As an example, the National LM199 precision reference has an on chip heater which malfunctions with supply voltages below 9V causing an excessive device temperature. The ICL8212 may be used to detect a power supply voltage of 9V and turn the power supply off to the LM199 heater section below that voltage. For further applications, see AN027 Power Supply Design using the ICL8211 and ICL8212.
TIME CONSTANT R3C2 < R4C2 R7C3 VARY R1 FOR OPTION ZERO CROSSING DETECTION VARY R4 TO SET DETECTION FREQUENCY
INDETERMINATE BELOW FO ON OUTPUT STATE ICL8212 ON OFF FO FREQUENCY V500k 1 2 RL 3 4 56k VO ICL8212 8 7 6 5 3.9k LM199 4.7k OUTPUT REFERENCE
1.15V B
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