Emotional Intelligence

History and Significance

Paradigm/Definition
There is an intelligence based on emotion, and people who have this capacity are less depressed, healthier, more enjoyable, and have better relationships A form of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor ones own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide ones thinking and action

Paradigm/Definition
The ability to perceive emotions; to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought; to understand emotions and emotional knowledge; and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth

Plato
2,000 years when Plato wrote, All learning has an emotional base.

Contributors
David Wechsler, Edward Thorndike, Howard Gardner, Wayne Payne, Reuven Bar-On, MSC (Mayer, Salovey, Caruso), and Daniel Goleman.

Researchers/Writers
Daniel Goleman writer -Emotional Intelligence John Mayer and Peter Salovey researchers
non-cognitive aspects of intelligence; they defined emotional intelligence in 1990

Researchers/Writers
David Wechsler The global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment intelligence was comprised of non-intellective and intellective elements. 1943, he proposed that non-intellective elements were crucial for predicting a persons ability to succeed in life

Researchers/Writers
Edward Thorndike was a psychologist who developed an important distinction between three broad classes of intellectual functioning in the late 1930s
abstract intelligence mechanical intelligence social intelligence

Researchers/Writers
Thorndike
abstract intelligence- measured by testing mechanical intelligence-the ability to visualize relationships among objects and understand how the physical world work social intelligence - the ability to successfully function in interpersonal situations

Researchers/Writers
Howard Gardner Harvard Graduate School in Education developed a theory of multiple intelligences. He found seven types of intelligence that include: logical, linguistic, musical, spatial, kinaesthetic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal

Researchers/Writers
Howard Gardner seven types of intelligence that include: logical linguistic musical spatial kinaesthetic intrapersonal interpersonal

Researchers/Writers
Howard Gardner 2 types that fit emotional intelligence
Intrapersonal intelligence - is the capacity to manage ourselves through knowing and understanding our feelings, wishes, needs, wants, and purpose interpersonal intelligence- involves the ability to be sensitive to other peoples emotions and psychological states, and enables us to choose appropriate responses

Researchers/Writers
Wayne Payne 1985 doctoral student coined the term emotional intelligencein the title of his dissertation. A Study of Emotion: Developing Emotional Intelligence; Self-Integration; Relating to Fear, Pain, and Desire

Researchers/Writers
Reuven Bar-On developed the term EQ, or emotional quotient in 1985 to describe his approach to estimating social and emotional competence part of numerous research projects Bar-On and several colleagues are writing a two-volume series on the assessment of emotional and social intelligence

Researchers/Writers
Mayer and Salovey co-authored two academic papers in 1990 attempting to develop a method of scientifically measuring the difference between peoples ability in the area of emotion

Researchers/Writers
Mayer and Salovey Developed four branches of mental ability
perception, appraisal, and expression of emotion emotional facilitation of thinking understanding and analyzing emotions reflective regulation of emotion to promote emotional and intellectual growth

Mayer and Salovey

Emotions
are sufficiently vivid and available that they can be generated as prioritize thinking by directing attention to aids to judgment and memory important information; concerning feelings; emotional states differentially emotional mood swings change the encourage specific problemindividuals perspective from optimistic to solving approaches, such as when pessimistic, encouraging consideration of happiness facilitates inductive multiple points of view; reasoning and creativity

Mayer and Salovey

ability to stay open to feelings, both pleasant and unpleasant; to reflectively engage or detach from an emotion depending its judged utility; to reflectively monitor emotions in relation to oneself and others; to manage emotion in oneself and others by moderating negative emotions and enhancing positive emotions

Goleman

Aspects of Emotional Intelligence Knowing ones emotions Managing emotions Motivating oneself Recognizing emotion in others Handling relationships

Goleman - Aspects of Emotional Intelligence

Knowing ones emotions - self-awareness and recognizing an emotion when it occurs Managing emotions - handling emotions in a fashion to build on self-awareness Motivating oneself - the ability to channel emotions in the service of a goal Recognizing emotions in others, or empathy -the appreciation of the differences in people and the sensitivity to others feelings. Handling relationships -managing emotions in others

Emotional Intelligence tests

Emotional Competence Inventory 360 (ECI 360) Bar-On EQ-i MSCEIT Mayer, Salovey and Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test Work Profile Questionnaire (WPQei)

Emotional Intelligence tests

Emotional Competence Inventory 360 (ECI 360) measures the twenty-five competencies outlined in Golemans 1998 book

Bar-On EQ-i - tested on over 48,000 people worldwide.

gives an overall EQ score and scores of five composite scales.
interpersonal, intrapersonal, adaptability, stress management, and general mood.

Emotional Intelligence tests

MSCEIT Mayer, Salovey and Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test - measures the four branches of mental ability outlined in Mayer and Saloveys model Work Profile Questionnaire (WPQei) - tests the competencies and attributes as identified by Mayer, Salovey, and Goleman.
based on a model of emotional intelligence that is composed of seven intelligences

Importance to business
Leaders must understand followers Followers must understand leaders

Importance of business
Emotional intelligence helps ones ability to communicate
Method Style

Business Cases
Experienced partners in a multinational consulting firm were assessed on the EI competencies plus three others. Partners who scored above the median on 9 or more of the 20 competencies delivered $1.2 million more profit from their accounts than did other partners a 139 percent incremental gain (Boyatzis, 1999).

Business Cases
An analysis of more than 300 top-level executives from fifteen global companies showed that six emotional competencies distinguished stars from the average: Influence, Team Leadership, Organizational Awareness, self-confidence, Achievement Drive, and Leadership (Spencer, L. M., Jr., 1997).

Business Cases
Salespeople selected on the basis of emotional competence also had 63% less turnover during the first year than those selected in the typical way (Spencer & Spencer, 1993; Spencer, McClelland, & Kelner, 1997).

Business Cases
Research by the Center for Creative Leadership has found that the primary causes of derailment in executives involve deficits in emotional competence. The three primary ones are difficulty in handling change, not being able to work well in a team, and poor interpersonal relations.

Paving the Way

Assess the organizations needs: Determine the competencies that are most critical for effective job performance in a particular type of job.

Paving the Way

Assess the individual: This assessment should be based on the key competencies needed for a particular job

Paving the Way

Assess the individual: This assessment should be based on the key competencies needed for a particular job

Paving the Way

Deliver assessments with care Maximize learner choice Encourage people to participate Link learning goals to personal values Adjust expectations: Build positive expectations Gauge readiness for training

Paving the Way

Make change self-directed Set clear goals Break goals into manageable steps Provide opportunities to practice Give performance feedback Rely on experiential methods: Active, concrete, experiential methods tend to work best for learning social and emotional competencies.

Paving the Way

Build in support Use models: Use live or videotaped models that clearly show how the competency can be used in realistic situations. Enhance insight Prevent relapse Encourage use of skills on the job

Paving the Way

Develop an organizational culture that supports learning Evaluate - One-year follow-ups are desirable