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HTML Tutorial

The document explains HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) which is used to describe web pages. It covers HTML tags, elements, attributes, headings, comments and more. Examples are provided throughout to demonstrate each concept.

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Kayemba Ismael

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

639 views

HTML Tutorial

Uploaded by

Kayemba Ismael

Available Formats

Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 63

This HTML tutorial contains hundreds of HTML examples.

With our online HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.

Example
<html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

HTML Introduction
Example
<html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>
Try it yourself

What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language A markup language is a set of markup tags HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html> HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b> The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages

HTML documents describe web pages HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text HTML documents are also called web pages

The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page: <html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

Example Explained
The The The The text text text text between between between between <html> and </html> describes the web page <body> and </body> is the visible page content <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

HTML - Getting Started

What You Need
You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools. You don't need an HTML editor You don't need a web server

You don't need a web site

Editing HTML
HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio. However, in this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe using a plain text editor is the best way to learn HTML.

Create Your Own Test Web

If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter. If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop. (Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as") mainpage.htm page1.htm page2.htm After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.

Use Your Test Web For Learning

We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad). Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.

.HTM or .HTML File Extension?

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.

HTML Basic - 4 Examples

Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned. You will learn about them in the next chapters.

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3>
Try it yourself

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
Try it yourself

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Try it yourself

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.

(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />
Try it yourself

Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes

HTML Elements
HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag * <p> <a href="default.htm" > <br />

Element content This is a paragraph This is a link </p> </a>

End tag *

* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax

An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag The element content is everything between the start and the end tag Some HTML elements have empty content Empty elements are closed in the start tag Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements). HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example

<html> <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained

The <p> element: <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document. The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>. The element content is: This is my first paragraph. The <body> element: <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document. The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>. The element content is another HTML element (a p element). The <html> element: <html>

<body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> The <html> element defines the whole HTML document. The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>. The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag: <p>This is a paragraph <p>This is a paragraph The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional. Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. <br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break). Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags. W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.

HTML Attributes
Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes
HTML elements can have attributes Attributes provide additional information about an element Attributes are always specified in the start tag Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Try it yourself

Always Quote Attribute Values

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes. Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed. Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive. However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation. Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.

HTML Attributes Reference

A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our: Complete HTML Reference

Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements: Attribute class id style title Value classname id style_definition tooltip_text Description Specifies a classname for an element Specifies a unique id for an element Specifies an inline style for an element Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)

For more information about standard attributes: HTML Standard Attributes Reference

HTML Headings
Headings are important in HTML documents.

HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3>
Try it yourself

Note: Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.

Headings Are Important

Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.

Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages. Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure. H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.

HTML Lines
The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page. The hr element can be used to separate content:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p>
Try it yourself

HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed. Comments are written like this:

Example

Try it yourself

Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?" To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.

Examples From This Page

Headings How to display headings in an HTML document. Hidden comments How to insert comments in the HTML source code. Horizontal lines How to insert a horizontal line.

HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes. You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial. Tag <html> <body> <h1> to <h6> <hr /> <!--> Description Defines an HTML document Defines the document's body Defines HTML headings Defines a horizontal line Defines a comment

HTML Paragraphs
HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.

HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p> <p>This is another paragraph</p>
Try it yourself

Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a paragraph.

Don't Forget the End Tag

Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph <p>This is another paragraph
Try it yourself

The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors. Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.

HTML Line Breaks

Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example
<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>
Try it yourself

The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.

<br> or <br />

In XHTML, XML, elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not allowed. Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead works better in XHTML and XML applications.

HTML Output - Useful Tips

You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results. With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code. The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space. Try it yourself (The example demonstrates some HTML formatting problems)

Examples from this page

HTML paragraphs How HTML paragraphs are displayed in a browser. Line breaks The use of line breaks in an HTML document. Poem problems Some problems with HTML formatting.

More Examples
More paragraphs The default behaviors of paragraphs.

HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about HTML elements and their attributes. Tag <p> <br /> Description Defines a paragraph Inserts a single line break

HTML Text Formatting

HTML Text Formatting
This text is bold

This text is big

This text is italic
This is computer output

This is subscript and

Try it yourself

superscript

HTML Formatting Tags

HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text. These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference). Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only. <strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted

with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!

Try it Yourself - Examples

Text formatting How to format text in an HTML document. Preformatted text How to control the line breaks and spaces with the pre tag. "Computer output" tags How different "computer output" tags will be displayed. Address How to define contact information for the author/owner of an HTML document. Abbreviations and acronyms How to handle abbreviations and acronyms. Text direction How to change the text direction. Quotations How to handle long and short quotations. Deleted and inserted text How to mark deleted and inserted text.

HTML Text Formatting Tags

Tag <b> <big> <em> <i> Description Defines bold text Defines big text Defines emphasized text Defines italic text

<small> <strong> <sub> <sup> <ins> <del>

Defines small text Defines strong text Defines subscripted text Defines superscripted text Defines inserted text Defines deleted text

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

Tag <code> <kbd> <samp> <tt> <var> <pre> Description Defines computer code text Defines keyboard text Defines sample computer code Defines teletype text Defines a variable Defines preformatted text

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags

Tag <abbr> <acronym> <address> <bdo> <blockquote> <q> <cite> Description Defines an abbreviation Defines an acronym Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document Defines the text direction Defines a long quotation Defines a short quotation Defines a citation

<dfn>

Defines a definition term

HTML Fonts
The HTML <font> Tag Should NOT be Used
The <font> tag is deprecated in HTML 4, and removed from HTML5. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has removed the <font> tag from its recommendations. In HTML 4, style sheets (CSS) should be used to define the layout and display properties for many HTML elements. The example below shows how the HTML could look by using the <font> tag:

Example
<p> <font size="5" face="arial" color="red"> This paragraph is in Arial, size 5, and in red text color. </font> </p> <p> <font size="3" face="verdana" color="blue"> This paragraph is in Verdana, size 3, and in blue text color. </font> </p>
Try it yourself

The Right Way to Do It - With Styles

Set the font of text This example demonstrates how to set the font of a text. Set the font size of text This example demonstrates how to set the font size of a text.

Set the font color of text This example demonstrates how to set the color of a text. Set the font, font size, and font color of text This example demonstrates how to set the font, font size, and font color of a text.

HTML Styles - CSS

CSS is used to style HTML elements.

Look! Styles and colors

This text is in Verdana and red This text is in Times and blue

This text is 30 pixels high

Try it yourself

Styling HTML with CSS

CSS was introduced together with HTML 4, to provide a better way to style HTML elements. CSS can be added to HTML in the following ways: in Cascading Style Sheet files (CSS files) in the <style> element in the HTML head section in the style attribute in single HTML elements

Using the HTML Style Attribute

It is time consuming and not very practical to style HTML elements using the style attribute. The preferred way to add CSS to HTML, is to put CSS syntax in separate CSS files.

However, in this HTML tutorial we will introduce you to CSS using the style attribute. This is done to simplify the examples. It also makes it easier for you to edit the code and try it yourself. You can learn everything about CSS in our CSS Tutorial.

HTML Style Example - Background Color

The background-color property defines the background color for an element:

Example
<html> <body style="background-color:yellow;"> <h2 style="background-color:red;">This is a heading</h2> <p style="background-color:green;">This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>
Try it yourself

The background-color property makes the "old" bgcolor attribute obsolete. Try it yourself: Background color the old way

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an element:

Example
<html> <body> <h1 style="font-family:verdana;">A heading</h1> <p style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:20px;">A paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

Try it yourself

The font-family, color, and font-size properties make the old <font> tag obsolete.

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element:

Example
<html> <body> <h1 style="text-align:center;">Center-aligned heading</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>
Try it yourself

The text-align property makes the old <center> tag obsolete. Try it yourself: Centered heading the old way

Deprecated Tags and Attributes

In HTML 4, several tags and attributes were deprecated. Deprecated means that they will not be supported in future versions of HTML. The message is clear: Avoid using deprecated tags and attributes! These tags and attributes should be avoided: Tags <center> <font> and <basefont> <s> and <strike> <u> Description Deprecated. Defines centered content Deprecated. Defines HTML fonts Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text Deprecated. Defines underlined text

Attributes align bgcolor color

Description Deprecated. Defines the alignment of text Deprecated. Defines the background color Deprecated. Defines the text color

For all of the above: Use styles instead!

HTML Links
Links are found in nearly all Web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to page.

Try it Yourself - Examples

HTML links How to create links in an HTML document. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Hyperlinks (Links)

A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand. Links are specified in HTML using the <a> tag. The <a> tag can be used in two ways: 1. To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute 2. To create a bookmark inside a document, by using the name attribute

HTML Link Syntax

The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this: <a href="url">Link text</a> The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools</a> which will display like this: Visit W3Schools Clicking on this hyperlink will send the user to W3Schools' homepage. Tip: The "Link text" doesn't have to be text. It can be an image or any other HTML element.

HTML Links - The target Attribute

The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document. The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window or a new tab:

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools! </a>
Try it yourself

HTML Links - The name Attribute

The name attribute specifies the name of an anchor. The name attribute is used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document. Note: The upcoming HTML5 standard suggests using the id attribute instead of the name attribute for specifying the name of an anchor. Using the id attribute actually works also for HTML4 in all modern browsers. Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.

Example
A named anchor inside an HTML document: <a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a> Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document: <a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a> Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page: <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips"> Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two requests to the server, the server will first add a slash to the address, and then create a new request like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/". Tip: Named anchors are often used to create "table of contents" at the beginning of a large document. Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these anchors are put at the top of the document.

More Examples
An image as a link How to use an image as a link. Link to a location on the same page How to link to a bookmark. Break out of a frame How to break out of a frame (if your site is locked in a frame). Create a mailto link How to link to a mail message (will only work if you have mail installed).

Create a mailto link 2 Another mailto link.

HTML Link Tags

Tag <a> Description Defines an anchor

HTML Images
Example

Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it yourself

Try it Yourself - Examples

Insert images How to insert images into an HTML document. Insert images from different locations How to insert an image from another folder or another server.

(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag. The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag. To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display. Syntax for defining an image: <img src="url" alt="some_text"/> The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif. The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.

HTML Images - The Alt Attribute

The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed. The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text: <img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat" /> The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).

HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an Image

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of an image. The attribute values are specified in pixels by default: <img src="pulpit.jpg" alt="Pulpit rock" width="304" height="228" />

Tip: It is a good practice to specify both the height and width attributes for an image. If these attributes are set, the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the image. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images takes time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully. Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.

More Examples
Aligning images How to align an image within the text. Let the image float How to let an image float to the left or right of a paragraph. Make a hyperlink of an image How to use an image as a link. Create an image map How to create an image map, with clickable regions. Each of the regions is a hyperlink.

HTML Image Tags

Tag <img /> <map> <area /> Description Defines an image Defines an image-map Defines a clickable area inside an image-map

HTML Tables
HTML Tables
Apples Bananas Oranges Other 44% 23% 13% 10%

Try it Yourself - Examples

Tables How to create tables in an HTML document. Table borders How to specify different table borders. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

Table Example
<table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td>

</tr> </table> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

HTML Tables and the Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show. To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute: <table border="1"> <tr> <td>Row 1, cell 1</td> <td>Row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> </table>

HTML Table Headers

Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag. All major browsers display the text in the <th> element as bold and centered. <table border="1"> <tr> <th>Header 1</th> <th>Header 2</th> </tr> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td>

</tr> </table> How the HTML code above looks in your browser: Header 1 Header 2

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

More Examples
Tables without borders How to create tables without borders. Table headers How to create table headers. Table with a caption How to add a caption to a table. Table cells that span more than one row/column How to define table cells that span more than one row or one column. Tags inside a table How to display elements inside other elements. Cell padding How to use cellpadding to create more white space between the cell content and its borders. Cell spacing How to use cellspacing to increase the distance between the cells. The frame attribute How to use the "frame" attribute to control the borders around the table.

HTML Table Tags

Tag Description

<table> <th> <tr> <td> <caption>

Defines a table Defines a table header Defines a table row Defines a table cell Defines a table caption

<colgroup> Defines a group of columns in a table, for formatting <col /> <thead> <tbody> <tfoot> Defines attribute values for one or more columns in a table Groups the header content in a table Groups the body content in a table Groups the footer content in a table

HTML Lists
The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists: HTML Lists An ordered list:
1. The first list item 2. The second list item 3. The third list item

An unordered list:
List item List item List item

Try-It-Yourself Examples
Unordered list How to create an unordered list in an HTML document. Ordered list How to create an ordered list in an HTML document. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Unordered Lists

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles). <ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: Coffee Milk

HTML Ordered Lists

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag. The list items are marked with numbers. <ol> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ol> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: 1. Coffee 2. Milk

HTML Definition Lists

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item. The <dl> tag defines a definition list. The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes the item in the list): <dl> <dt>Coffee</dt> <dd>- black hot drink</dd>

<dt>Milk</dt> <dd>- white cold drink</dd> </dl> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: Coffee - black hot drink Milk - white cold drink

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Tip: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

More Examples
Different types of ordered lists Demonstrates different types of ordered lists. Different types of unordered lists Demonstrates different types of unordered lists. Nested list Demonstrates how you can nest lists. Nested list 2 Demonstrates a more complicated nested list. Definition list Demonstrates a definition list.

HTML List Tags

Tag <ol> Description Defines an ordered list

<ul> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd>

Defines an unordered list Defines a list item Defines a definition list Defines an item in a definition list Defines a description of an item in a definition list

HTML Forms and Input

HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.

Try it Yourself - Examples

Create text fields How to create text fields. The user can write text in a text field. Create password field How to create a password field. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Forms
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server. A form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements. The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form: <form> . input elements . </form>

HTML Forms - The Input Element

The most important form element is the input element. The input element is used to select user information. An input element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An input element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more. The most used input types are described below.

Text Fields
<input type="text" /> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into: <form> First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /> </form> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: First name: Last name: Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.

Password Field
<input type="password" /> defines a password field: <form> Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" /> </form> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: Password: Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Radio Buttons
<input type="radio" /> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices: <form> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male<br /> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female </form> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: Male Female

Checkboxes
<input type="checkbox" /> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ONE or MORE options of a limited number of choices. <form> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike" /> I have a bike<br /> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" /> I have a car </form> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: I have a bike I have a car

Submit Button
<input type="submit" /> defines a submit button. A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input: <form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get"> Username: <input type="text" name="user" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Username: If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.

More Input Examples

Radio buttons How to create radio buttons. Checkboxes How to create checkboxes. A user can select or unselect a checkbox. Simple drop-down list How to create a simple drop-down list. Drop-down list with a pre-selected value How to create a drop-down list with a pre-selected value. Textarea How to create a multi-line text input control. In a text-area the user can write an unlimited number of characters. Create a button How to create a button.

Form Examples
Fieldset around form-data How to create a border around elements in a form. Form with text fields and a submit button How to create a form with two text fields and a submit button. Form with checkboxes How to create a form with two checkboxes and a submit button. Form with radio buttons How to create a form with two radio buttons, and a submit button. Send e-mail from a form How to send e-mail from a form.

HTML Form Tags

Tag <form> <input /> <textarea> <label> <fieldset> <legend> <select> <optgroup> <option> <button> Description Defines an HTML form for user input Defines an input control Defines a multi-line text input control Defines a label for an input element Defines a border around elements in a form Defines a caption for a fieldset element Defines a select list (drop-down list) Defines a group of related options in a select list Defines an option in a select list Defines a push button

HTML Frames
With frames, several Web pages can be displayed in the same browser window. ATTENTION. Do not expect frames to be supported in future versions of HTML.

Try-It-Yourself Examples
Vertical frameset How to make a vertical frameset with three different documents. Horizontal frameset How to make a horizontal frameset with three different documents. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Frames
With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the others. The disadvantages of using frames are: Frames are not expected to be supported in future versions of HTML Frames are difficult to use. (Printing the entire page is difficult). The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents

The HTML frameset Element

The frameset element holds one or more frame elements. Each frame element can hold a separate document. The frameset element states HOW MANY columns or rows there will be in the frameset, and HOW MUCH percentage/pixels of space will occupy each of them.

The HTML frame Element

The <frame> tag defines one particular window (frame) within a frameset. In the example below we have a frameset with two columns. The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is set to 75% of the width of the browser window. The document "frame_a.htm" is put into the first column, and the document "frame_b.htm" is put into the second column: <frameset cols="25%,75%"> <frame src="frame_a.htm" /> <frame src="frame_b.htm" /> </frameset> Note: The frameset column size can also be set in pixels (cols="200,500"), and one of the columns can be set to use the remaining space, with an asterisk (cols="25%,*").

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Tip: If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent a user from doing this, you can add noresize="noresize" to the <frame> tag. Note: Add the <noframes> tag for browsers that do not support frames.

Important: You cannot use the <body></body> tags together with the <frameset></frameset> tags! However, if you add a <noframes> tag containing some text for browsers that do not support frames, you will have to enclose the text in <body></body> tags! See how it is done in the first example below.

More Examples
How to use the <noframes> tag How to use the <noframes> tag (for browsers that do not support frames). Nested framesets How to create a frameset with three documents, and how to mix them in rows and columns. Frameset with noresize="noresize" How to use the noresize attribute. Move the mouse over the borders between the frames and notice that you cannot move the borders. Navigation frame How to make a navigation frame. The navigation frame contains a list of links with the second frame as the target. The file called "tryhtml_contents.htm" contains three links. The source code of the links: <a href ="frame_a.htm" target ="showframe">Frame a</a><br> <a href ="frame_b.htm" target ="showframe">Frame b</a><br> <a href ="frame_c.htm" target ="showframe">Frame c</a> The second frame will show the linked document. Jump to a specified section within a frame Two frames. One of the frames has a source to a specified section in a file. The specified section is made with <a name="C10"> in the "link.htm" file. Jump to a specified section with frame navigation Two frames. The navigation frame (content.htm) to the left contains a list of links with the second frame (link.htm) as a target. The second frame shows the linked document. One of the links in the navigation frame is linked to a specified section in the target file. The HTML code in the file "content.htm" looks like this: <a href ="link.htm" target ="showframe">Link without Anchor</a><br><a href ="link.htm#C10" target ="showframe">Link with Anchor</a>.

HTML Frame Tags

Tag Description

<frameset Defines a set of frames > <frame /> Defines a sub window (a frame)

HTML Iframes
An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.

Syntax for adding an iframe: <iframe src="URL"></iframe> The URL points to the location of the separate page.

Iframe - Set Height and Width

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of the iframe. The attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can also be in percent (like "80%").

Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" width="200" height="200"></iframe>
Try it yourself

Iframe - Remove the Border

The frameborder attribute specifies whether or not to display a border around the iframe. Set the attribute value to "0" to remove the border:

Example

<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe>

Try it yourself

Use iframe as a Target for a Link

An iframe can be used as the target frame for a link. The target attribute of a link must refer to the name attribute of the iframe:

Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" name="iframe_a"></iframe> <p><a href="http://www.w3schools.com" target="iframe_a">W3Schools.com</a></p>
Try it yourself

HTML iframe Tag

Tag <iframe> Description Defines an inline sub window (frame)

HTML Colors
Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.

Color Values
HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB). The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The highest value is 255 (in HEX: FF). HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

Color Values
Color Color HEX #000000 #FF0000 #00FF00 #0000FF #FFFF00 #00FFFF #FF00FF #C0C0C0 #FFFFFF Color RGB rgb(0,0,0) rgb(255,0,0) rgb(0,255,0) rgb(0,0,255) rgb(255,255,0) rgb(0,255,255) rgb(255,0,255) rgb(192,192,192) rgb(255,255,255)

Try it yourself

16 Million Different Colors

The combination of Red, Green, and Blue values from 0 to 255, gives more than 16 million different colors (256 x 256 x 256). If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to 255, while keeping the green and blue light at zero. To see the full list of color mixes when RED varies from 0 to 255, click on one of the HEX or RGB values below. Red Light Color HEX #000000 #080000 #100000 #180000 Color RGB rgb(0,0,0) rgb(8,0,0) rgb(16,0,0) rgb(24,0,0)

#200000 #280000 #300000 #380000 #400000 #480000 #500000 #580000 #600000 #680000 #700000 #780000 #800000 #880000 #900000 #980000 #A00000 #A80000 #B00000 #B80000 #C00000 #C80000 #D00000

rgb(32,0,0) rgb(40,0,0) rgb(48,0,0) rgb(56,0,0) rgb(64,0,0) rgb(72,0,0) rgb(80,0,0) rgb(88,0,0) rgb(96,0,0) rgb(104,0,0) rgb(112,0,0) rgb(120,0,0) rgb(128,0,0) rgb(136,0,0) rgb(144,0,0) rgb(152,0,0) rgb(160,0,0) rgb(168,0,0) rgb(176,0,0) rgb(184,0,0) rgb(192,0,0) rgb(200,0,0) rgb(208,0,0)

#D80000 #E00000 #E80000 #F00000 #F80000 #FF0000

rgb(216,0,0) rgb(224,0,0) rgb(232,0,0) rgb(240,0,0) rgb(248,0,0) rgb(255,0,0)

Shades of Gray
Gray colors are created by using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources. To make it easier for you to select the correct shade, we have created a table of gray shades for you: Gray Shades Color HEX #000000 #080808 #101010 #181818 #202020 #282828 #303030 #383838 #404040 #484848 #505050 Color RGB rgb(0,0,0) rgb(8,8,8) rgb(16,16,16) rgb(24,24,24) rgb(32,32,32) rgb(40,40,40) rgb(48,48,48) rgb(56,56,56) rgb(64,64,64) rgb(72,72,72) rgb(80,80,80)

#585858 #606060 #686868 #707070 #787878 #808080 #888888 #909090 #989898 #A0A0A0 #A8A8A8 #B0B0B0 #B8B8B8 #C0C0C0 #C8C8C8 #D0D0D0 #D8D8D8 #E0E0E0 #E8E8E8 #F0F0F0 #F8F8F8 #FFFFFF

rgb(88,88,88) rgb(96,96,96) rgb(104,104,104) rgb(112,112,112) rgb(120,120,120) rgb(128,128,128) rgb(136,136,136) rgb(144,144,144) rgb(152,152,152) rgb(160,160,160) rgb(168,168,168) rgb(176,176,176) rgb(184,184,184) rgb(192,192,192) rgb(200,200,200) rgb(208,208,208) rgb(216,216,216) rgb(224,224,224) rgb(232,232,232) rgb(240,240,240) rgb(248,248,248) rgb(255,255,255)

Web Safe Colors?

Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe Colors" was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors. The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette. This is not important today, since most computers can display millions of different colors. Anyway, here is the list: 000000 003300 006600 009900 00CC00 00FF00 330000 333300 336600 339900 33CC00 33FF00 660000 663300 666600 669900 66CC00 66FF00 990000 000033 003333 006633 009933 00CC33 00FF33 330033 333333 336633 339933 33CC33 33FF33 660033 663333 666633 669933 66CC33 66FF33 990033 000066 003366 006666 009966 00CC66 00FF66 330066 333366 336666 339966 33CC66 33FF66 660066 663366 666666 669966 66CC66 66FF66 990066 000099 003399 006699 009999 00CC99 00FF99 330099 333399 336699 339999 33CC99 33FF99 660099 663399 666699 669999 66CC99 66FF99 990099 0000CC 0033CC 0066CC 0099CC 00CCCC 00FFCC 3300CC 3333CC 3366CC 3399CC 33CCCC 33FFCC 6600CC 6633CC 6666CC 6699CC 66CCCC 66FFCC 9900CC 0000FF 0033FF 0066FF 0099FF 00CCFF 00FFFF 3300FF 3333FF 3366FF 3399FF 33CCFF 33FFFF 6600FF 6633FF 6666FF 6699FF 66CCFF 66FFFF 9900FF

993300 996600 999900 99CC00 99FF00 CC0000 CC3300 CC6600 CC9900 CCCC00 CCFF00 FF0000 FF3300 FF6600 FF9900 FFCC00 FFFF00

993333 996633 999933 99CC33 99FF33 CC0033 CC3333 CC6633 CC9933 CCCC33 CCFF33 FF0033 FF3333 FF6633 FF9933 FFCC33 FFFF33

993366 996666 999966 99CC66 99FF66 CC0066 CC3366 CC6666 CC9966 CCCC66 CCFF66 FF0066 FF3366 FF6666 FF9966 FFCC66 FFFF66

993399 996699 999999 99CC99 99FF99 CC0099 CC3399 CC6699 CC9999 CCCC99 CCFF99 FF0099 FF3399 FF6699 FF9999 FFCC99 FFFF99

9933CC 9966CC 9999CC 99CCCC 99FFCC CC00CC CC33CC CC66CC CC99CC CCCCCC CCFFCC FF00CC FF33CC FF66CC FF99CC FFCCCC FFFFCC

9933FF 9966FF 9999FF 99CCFF 99FFFF CC00FF CC33FF CC66FF CC99FF CCCCFF CCFFFF FF00FF FF33FF FF66FF FF99FF FFCCFF FFFFFF

HTML Color Names

Color Names Supported by All Browsers
147 color names are defined in the HTML and CSS color specification (16 basic color names plus 130 more). The table below lists them all, along with their hexadecimal values. Tip: The 16 basic color names are: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.

Click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors:

Sorted by Color Name

Same list sorted by hex values Color Name AliceBlue AntiqueWhite Aqua Aquamarine Azure Beige Bisque Black BlanchedAlmond Blue BlueViolet Brown BurlyWood CadetBlue Chartreuse Chocolate Coral CornflowerBlue HEX #F0F8FF #FAEBD7 #00FFFF #7FFFD4 #F0FFFF #F5F5DC #FFE4C4 #000000 #FFEBCD #0000FF #8A2BE2 #A52A2A #DEB887 #5F9EA0 #7FFF00 #D2691E #FF7F50 #6495ED Color Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

Cornsilk Crimson Cyan DarkBlue DarkCyan DarkGoldenRod DarkGray DarkGrey DarkGreen DarkKhaki DarkMagenta DarkOliveGreen Darkorange DarkOrchid DarkRed DarkSalmon DarkSeaGreen DarkSlateBlue DarkSlateGray DarkSlateGrey DarkTurquoise DarkViolet DeepPink

#FFF8DC #DC143C #00FFFF #00008B #008B8B #B8860B #A9A9A9 #A9A9A9 #006400 #BDB76B #8B008B #556B2F #FF8C00 #9932CC #8B0000 #E9967A #8FBC8F #483D8B #2F4F4F #2F4F4F #00CED1 #9400D3 #FF1493

Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades

Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

DeepSkyBlue DimGray DimGrey DodgerBlue FireBrick FloralWhite ForestGreen Fuchsia Gainsboro GhostWhite Gold GoldenRod Gray Grey Green GreenYellow HoneyDew HotPink IndianRed Indigo Ivory Khaki Lavender

#00BFFF #696969 #696969 #1E90FF #B22222 #FFFAF0 #228B22 #FF00FF #DCDCDC #F8F8FF #FFD700 #DAA520 #808080 #808080 #008000 #ADFF2F #F0FFF0 #FF69B4 #CD5C5C #4B0082 #FFFFF0 #F0E68C #E6E6FA

Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades

Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

LavenderBlush LawnGreen LemonChiffon LightBlue LightCoral LightCyan

#FFF0F5 #7CFC00 #FFFACD #ADD8E6 #F08080 #E0FFFF

Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades

Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2 LightGray LightGrey LightGreen LightPink LightSalmon LightSeaGreen LightSkyBlue LightSlateGray LightSlateGrey LightSteelBlue LightYellow Lime LimeGreen Linen Magenta Maroon #D3D3D3 #D3D3D3 #90EE90 #FFB6C1 #FFA07A #20B2AA #87CEFA #778899 #778899 #B0C4DE #FFFFE0 #00FF00 #32CD32 #FAF0E6 #FF00FF #800000

MediumAquaMarine MediumBlue MediumOrchid MediumPurple MediumSeaGreen MediumSlateBlue MediumSpringGreen MediumTurquoise MediumVioletRed MidnightBlue MintCream MistyRose Moccasin NavajoWhite Navy OldLace Olive OliveDrab Orange OrangeRed Orchid PaleGoldenRod PaleGreen

#66CDAA #0000CD #BA55D3 #9370D8 #3CB371 #7B68EE #00FA9A #48D1CC #C71585 #191970 #F5FFFA #FFE4E1 #FFE4B5 #FFDEAD #000080 #FDF5E6 #808000 #6B8E23 #FFA500 #FF4500 #DA70D6 #EEE8AA #98FB98

Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades

Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

PaleTurquoise PaleVioletRed PapayaWhip PeachPuff Peru Pink Plum PowderBlue Purple Red RosyBrown RoyalBlue SaddleBrown Salmon SandyBrown SeaGreen SeaShell Sienna Silver SkyBlue SlateBlue SlateGray SlateGrey

#AFEEEE #D87093 #FFEFD5 #FFDAB9 #CD853F #FFC0CB #DDA0DD #B0E0E6 #800080 #FF0000 #BC8F8F #4169E1 #8B4513 #FA8072 #F4A460 #2E8B57 #FFF5EE #A0522D #C0C0C0 #87CEEB #6A5ACD #708090 #708090

Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades

Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

Snow SpringGreen SteelBlue Tan Teal Thistle Tomato Turquoise Violet Wheat White WhiteSmoke Yellow YellowGreen

#FFFAFA #00FF7F #4682B4 #D2B48C #008080 #D8BFD8 #FF6347 #40E0D0 #EE82EE #F5DEB3 #FFFFFF #F5F5F5 #FFFF00 #9ACD32

Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades

Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

Free Online Website Builder - No

HTML Color Values

Sorted by Hex Value
Same list sorted by color name Color Name Black Navy HEX #000000 #000080 Color Shades Shades Shades Mix Mix Mix

DarkBlue MediumBlue Blue DarkGreen Green Teal DarkCyan DeepSkyBlue DarkTurquoise MediumSpringGreen Lime SpringGreen Aqua Cyan MidnightBlue DodgerBlue LightSeaGreen ForestGreen SeaGreen DarkSlateGray DarkSlateGrey LimeGreen MediumSeaGreen Turquoise RoyalBlue

#00008B #0000CD #0000FF #006400 #008000 #008080 #008B8B #00BFFF #00CED1 #00FA9A #00FF00 #00FF7F #00FFFF #00FFFF #191970 #1E90FF #20B2AA #228B22 #2E8B57 #2F4F4F #2F4F4F #32CD32 #3CB371 #40E0D0 #4169E1

Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades