Logging While Drilling (LWD) is a technique of conveying well logging tools into the well borehole downhole as part

of the bottom hole assembly (BHA). LWD tools work with its Measurement While Drilling (MWD) system to transmit partial or complete measurement results to the surface via typically a drilling mud pulser or other improved techniques, while LWD tools are still in the borehole, which is called "Real Time Data". Complete measurement results can be downloaded from LWD tools after they are pulled out of hole, which is called "Memory Data". LWD technology was developed originally as an enhancement to the earlier MWD technology to completely or partially replace wireline logging operation. With the improvement of the technology in the past decades, LWD is now widely used for drilling (including geosteering), and formation evaluation (especially for real time and high angle wells).

[edit] Available LWD Measurements

LWD technology was originally developed to partially or completely replace wireline logging. Over the years, more of the measurements have been made available in LWD. Certain new measurements are also development in LWD only. The following is an incomplete list of available measurement in LWD technology.

Natural Gamma Ray (GR) o Total Gamma Ray o Spectral Gamma Ray o Azimuthal Gamma Ray o Gamma ray close to drill bit. Density and Photoelectric Index Neutron Porosity Borehole Caliper o Ultra sonic azimuthal caliper. o Density Caliper Resistivity (ohm-m) o Attenuation and phase shift resistivities at different transmitter spacings and frequencies. o Resistivity at the drill bit. o Deep directional resistivities. Sonic o Compressional Slowness(tc) o Shear Slowness (ts) Borehole Images o Density Borehole Image o Resistivity Borehole Image Formation Tester and Sampler o Formation Pressure o Formation Fluid Sample Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Seismic While Drilling (SWD) o Drillbit-SWD

Logging While Drilling

012 Maximize your reservoir with LWD solutions

Our LWD systems offer superior formation evaluation data to maximize reservoir value while drilling. LWD sensors deliver wireline quality petrophysical data and address directional drilling, formation evaluation, and geosteering applications. Our tools will help you gather reservoir information, enhance drilling performance, and optimize well placement. Gamma services are probe-based or collar-mounted with our MWD service. Gamma-ray sensors detect lithology changes. Resistivity services are offered through our OnTrak system, delivering comprehensive evaluation of formation and near-bore environments.

Our LithoTrak system offers accurate nuclear measurements and formation-density images. Real-time azimuthally sectored bulk density and neutron-porosity measurements are designed for integration within rotary steerable drilling systems. Magnetic resonance services offer a lithology-independent porosity measurement while drilling through our MagTrak system, quantifying fluids occupying pore space into fractions that contribute to production and fractions that do not. MagTrak measurements arent affected by formation, borehole, or near-borehole environment. Except for hydrocarbon effect, environmental corrections are not required. Formation pressures services offer real-time measurements of formation pressure while drilling. Our TesTrak system determines reservoir fluids mobility, optimizing the acquisition period and minimizing the total time required to accurately measure formation pressure. This minimizes NPT. Imaging services offer high-resolution images for geological and structural classification, sedimentary analysis, and steering. The AziTrak system, LithoTrak system, OnTrak system, and StarTrak system improve imaging for reduced drilling risk. Acoustic service is offered via SoundTrak technology, which integrates advanced downhole acoustic technology into our existing modular tool design and runs with many formation evaluation service levels. Our Reservoir Navigation Services use real-time LWD formation evaluation sensors with directional data and formation models to properly target your drilling assembly. This ensures optimal entry to maintain the wellbore in the zone of maximum interest, predicting and avoiding reservoir exit. Azimuthal imaging also is available.

TesTrak Formation Pressure Testing

Evaluate real-time formation-pressure and mobility information with our formationpressure testing service.

MagTrak Magnetic Resonance

Get industry-standard, T2-based, real-time MR data that locate and identify producible fluids even under the most difficult drilling conditions.

LithoTrak Bulk Density and Neutron Porosity

Even under challenging borehole conditions, you can be confident were offering the industrys most accurate porosity measurements.

OnTrak Integrated MWD and LWD

Get directional, drilling dynamics, ECD, and geological information including gamma-ray and resistivity measurements from a single, compact BHA module.

AziTrak Deep Azimuthal Resistivity

Our deep azimuthal resistivity measurement tool detects reservoir boundaries, offering accurate formation evaluation to reduce wellbore position uncertainty.

ZoneTrak Bit Resistivity

Reduce drilling cost and avoid hazards through early zone detection with our bitresistivity service.

StarTrak High-Definition Resistivity Imaging

Receive detailed reservoir characterization, high definition structural classification, and wellbore integrity information in real-time.

SoundTrak Acoustic Formation Measurements

Minimize wellbore breakouts and possible collapse using reliable, real-time compressional and shear wave travel times in fast and slow formations.

ZoneTrak G Near-Bit Gamma Service

Our ZoneTrak G near-bit gamma-ray service saves valuable rig time by quickly confirming that a target zone has been cut.

SeismicTrak seismic-while-drilling service

Reduce drilling risk with near real-time seismic data capture without the nonproductive time of wireline trips. This reliable service enables you to maximize production.

JOB SCOPE: Develop logging plans and prepare final logs and reports. Check data quality and interpret RSS surveys, formation responses, and drilling mechanics. Will also perform engineering programs according to client requests. Field Engineers will report and make recommendations on drilling job progress as well as other client service needs. DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES:

Rig Communications - Must be able to communicate with various levels of drilling rig personnel. Multi-cultural Environment - The nature of the oil industry permits a multicultural environment and the Field Engineer must be adaptable to work assignments in different regions and countries with different cultural values. Highly Mobile - The Field Engineer will travel to various drilling rigs and regions/countries around the world, and has to be prepared to meet all the circumstances and lifestyles involved. Commitment to Safety - Must be safety conscious and each assignment will involve the implementation of health, safety and environmental procedures. Unlimited and Irregular Work Hours - The job does not follow a fixed schedule and the Field Engineer will frequently spend extended periods of time at a field location. Data Quality and Performance Standards - The Field Engineer will provide high quality data and information to the client while maintaining the health, safety and environmental program on the assignment. Performs all duties in a safe manner. Complies with Company safety policies and procedures. Complies with Customer safety policies and procedures. Complies with federal, state and local safety regulations and procedures. Operates Company vehicles in a safe manner, observing all Company and governmental regulations. Attains and applies comprehensive knowledge of safety regulations and procedures.

SKILLS & KNOWLEDGE: Essential

BS in Engineering, Technology or Geology/Geosciences. Mathematical and mechanical aptitude. Must have legal right to be permanently employed in the United States. Willingness to work offshore or be out of town for extended periods of time.

Preferred

Willingness to be on call hours 24 hours a day 7 days a week.

LOGGING/DOWNHOLE MEASUREMENTS PLAN Logging While Drilling LWD/MWD tools will be deployed at all proposed sites, including oriented resistivity-at-thebit (RAB) images with 360 coverage of the borehole wall. The MWD tools will allow us to monitor drilling parameters and to transfer LWD data in real time. Because LWD sensors are located immediately above the drill bit, the measurements are made before gas hydrate dissociates under drilling disturbances, and these data are critical to identify gas hydrate distribution in the formation. In addition to directly addressing the expedition objectives, RAB images will be potentially useful for identifying high-resistivity features, helping to locate intervals where the pressure coring tools might be used to recover gas hydrate samples. To optimize scheduling and drilling success, all LWD/MWD operations will be completed at the beginning of the cruise, prior to coring operations. Wireline Logging Because of the unstable nature of gas hydrate, wireline logging is critical to measure in situ properties of hydrate-bearing sediments. The standard triple combo (density, porosity, and resistivity) and FMS-sonic tool strings will be deployed at all sites. In addition, the threecomponent Well Seismic Tool (WST-3) will be used to record a VSP at proposed Site CAS01B. Acoustic logs (along with the VSP) are critical in determining the acoustic velocity structure associated with the BSR. Both P-wave and S-wave velocity measurements will be made using the Dipole Sonic Imager (DSI) tool. Depth-to-seismic ties will also be accomplished by means of synthetic seismograms computed from the wireline density and sonic logs. High-resolution FMS electrical images will compliment the RAB images and may indicate features such as thin beds, veins, and fractures in hydrate-bearing sediments. Vertical Seismic Profiling A zero-offset VSP is planned for proposed Site CAS-01B. The VSP will be conducted by repeatedly shooting a generator injection (GI) gun (105 in3 generator/45 in3 injector) hung from the drillship 2 m below the surface for each geophone depth in the borehole. The geophone will be placed at about 10 regular intervals throughout the entire 350 m deep borehole. At each recording depth, the GI gun will be fired several times (up to 10 times) to stack the seismic signals and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. Next Section | Table of Contents

How and in which areas does accurate LWD data improve oilfield decision making and planning? Halliburton: In the drive to move the drilling budgets to a more economical model, many clients are seriously reviewing the use of LWD in both greenfield exploration and mature development projects. This is more so when deviated and horizontal drilling methods are employed. The economic comparison of wireline versus LWD will favour WL in Vertical to 45 degree wells, but as the well inclination begins to increase above 50 degrees, LWD becomes a more suitable data gathering platform for insurance logging. Using LWD in the exploration phase of a development allows onthe-fly decisions to be made as the real-time data is streamed into the clients office, allowing the Asset team and stakeholders to alter the drilling program (change drilling targets based on updated geological models, pressure information that may indicate potential hazards, or to conduct unplanned pressure testing in potential payzones for example). Weatherford: Accurate LWD data allow an operator to make informed decisions while the well is still under construction. By accelerating the information flow from the well, we facilitate real time evaluation of the reservoir, so reducing the drilling time and allowing more knowledgeable decisions to be made. A further benefit is that initial measurements are made without significant time lapse for borehole exposure effects on the formation to occur: filtrate invasion for example. Formations can be also be re-logged on a time lapse basis and interpretations may be re-evaluated while drilling is ongoing, thus ensuring that the well is kept on target and in reservoir, without the need to trip out of hole. LWD data allows having data on filtration properties of formation prior to final running in for well completion, which ensures maximum efficient operation. Further benefits are in providing the ability to monitor drilling responses during trajectory control based on the encountered geology, rather than modelled, leading to precise wellbore placement and in difficult hole conditions LWD provides the operator with the ability to manage his well to ensure that TD is reached efficiently. Schlumberger: Logging-while-drilling (LWD) provides accurate formation evaluation, well placement capability, and wellbore geomechanics in real time. If the aim is to place wells accurately, to maximize reservoir contact, and minimize wellbore issues, such as stability and quality, then the best answer today is with LWD technology. The accuracy and resolution of the measurements, available in real time, provide a high confidence level for planning and executing complex projects.