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Lesson Four Polynomials

The document discusses various topics related to polynomials including: 1) Special names for polynomials of different degrees such as constant, linear, quadratic, cubic, quartic, and quintic. 2) Examples of polynomials of different degrees. 3) Definitions of monomial, binomial, and trinomial polynomials. 4) The Remainder and Factor Theorems and examples of applying them to find roots and factors of polynomials. 5) The Rational Root Theorem for finding rational roots of polynomials. 6) Examples of solving polynomial equations using various theorems and techniques discussed.

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59 views3 pages

Lesson Four Polynomials

The document discusses various topics related to polynomials including: 1) Special names for polynomials of different degrees such as constant, linear, quadratic, cubic, quartic, and quintic. 2) Examples of polynomials of different degrees. 3) Definitions of monomial, binomial, and trinomial polynomials. 4) The Remainder and Factor Theorems and examples of applying them to find roots and factors of polynomials. 5) The Rational Root Theorem for finding rational roots of polynomials. 6) Examples of solving polynomial equations using various theorems and techniques discussed.

Uploaded by

T-girl
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Some of the Special Names of the Polynomials of the first few degrees:

Polynomials

Degree 0 1 2 3 4 5

Name Constant Linear Quadratic Cubic Quartic Quintic

Example
f ( x) = 5 f ( x) = 3x + 2

f ( x) = x 2 4 f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 3 f ( x) = 3 x 4 + x
f ( x) = x5 + x 3 x + 1

A polynomial with one term is called a monomial. Example:

Find the zeros of the function:

f ( x) = x

g ( x) = ( x 2 16)( x 2 + 25)

Answers:

x = 4, 5i

A polynomial with two terms is called a binomial. Example:

f ( x) = x + 1
Find a quartic function with zeros 3 and 4 and f (2) = 60

A polynomial with three terms is called a trinomial. Example:

f ( x) = x 2 + x + 1

Answer:

f ( x) = 1( x 3)( x + 3)( x 4)( x + 4)

Find a cubic function with zeros 2 + i and 1.

If 4 + i is a root of the polynomial equation below, find the other roots.

f ( z ) = z 3 6 z 2 + z + 34
Answer:

f ( x) = x3 5 x 2 + 9 x 5

Answer:

4 i, 2

Find a quartic function with zeros

i and

3.

If the polynomial function below is divisible by z 3 i, find the other roots.

Answer:

f ( z ) = z 3 + 5 z 2 56 z + 110

f ( x) = x 4 2 x 2 3

Answer:

3 i, 11

If 2i is a zero of the function h( x ) = value of a.

x 4 + x 2 + a find the

Use synthetic division to divide:

x3 + 5 x 2 + 5 x 2
Answer:

by

x+2

Answer:

a = -12

x 2 + 3 x 1 Remainder: 0

Find the equation of a cubic function with x-intercepts at 1, 2 and 3 and a y-intercept at -6.
Answer:

Use synthetic division to divide:

x3 + x 2 10 x + 8
Answer:

by

x +1

x 2 10 Remainder: 18

f ( x) = x3 6 x 2 + 11x 6

The Remainder Theorem:


When a polynomial P(x) is divided by x a, the remainder is P(a).

The polynomial below has a remainder of 4 when divided by (x + 1). Calculate the value of k.

g ( x) = x10 + x 2 + x + k
Answer: k = 3

Example: Find the remainder when the function below is divided by x 1.

f ( x) = 2 x 20 4 x10 + 1
Answer: Remainder is -1

The polynomial below has a remainder of 8 when divided by (x - 1). Calculate the value of a.

h( x) = x 4 + ax + 3
Answer: a = 4

The Factor Theorem


For a polynomial P(x), x a is a factor if and only if P(a) = 0.

Example: Below is a polynomial equation and one of its roots, find the remaining roots.

2 x 3 + 5 x 2 23x + 10 = 0 with a root of x = 2


Answer: Remaining roots are:

x = 1 , 5 2

Example: Below is a polynomial equation and one of its roots, find the remaining roots.

6 x 3 + 11x 2 4 x 4 = 0 with a root of x = 2


Answer: Remaining roots are:

x=1, 2

Example: Below is a polynomial equation and one of its roots, find the remaining roots.

2 3

4 x 4 4 x 3 25 x 2 + x + 6 = 0 with roots of x = 2 and x = 3


Answer: Remaining roots are:

x=1 2

The polynomial below has a factor of (x 1) and a remainder of 8 when divided by (x +1). Calculate the values of a and b.

Solve the following polynomials:

f ( x) = x 3 2 x 2 + ax + b
Answer: a = -5, b = 6

x3 1 = 0
x3 = 8

Answer:

x = 1,

1+ i 3 2

, 12i

Answer:

The polynomial x 4 x + 3 is a factor of the polynomial below. Calculate the value of a.


2

x = 2, 1 + i 3, 1 i 3

g ( x) = x 3 + ( a 4) x 2 + (3 4a ) x + 3
Answer: a = 1

x 3 + 30 = 3

Answer:

x = 3,

3+ 3i 3 2

, 332i

Solve the following polynomials:

Rational Root Theorem


Answer:

x4 + 4 = 5x2
x x 4x + 4 = 0
6 4 2

x = 1, 1, 2, 2

Let P (x) be a polynomial of degree n with integral coefficients and a non-zero constant term:

P ( x) = an x n + an1 x n1 + ... + a2 x 2 + a1 x + a0 , where a0 0


Answer:

If one of the roots of the equation P(x) = 0 is x = q where p and q are non-zero integers with no common factor other than 1,
p

x = 1, 1, 2, 2, i 2, i 2

Then p must be a factor of

a0 , and q must be a factor of an

x 5 9 x 3 + 8 x 2 = 72
Answer:

x = 3, 3, 2, 1 + i 3, 1 i 3

Given:

3 x 4 + 13x3 + 15 x 2 4 = 0
x = 2, 2,
1+ 13 6

Find all of the roots using the rational zero test.

, 16 13

Given:

2 x3 + 5 x 2 + 6 x + 2 = 0
x = 1 , 1 + i, 1 i 2

Find all of the roots using the rational zero test.

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