XPath CSS DOM Selenium

Category Recipe
Whole web page Whole web page body All text nodes of web page Element <E> by absolute reference Element <E> by relative reference Second <E> element anywhere on page Image element Element <E> with attribute A Element <E> with attribute A containing text 't' exactly Element <E> with attribute A containing text 't' Element <E> whose attribute A begins with 't' Element <E> whose attribute A ends with 't' Element <E> with attribute A containing word 'w' Element <E> with attribute A matching regex r Element <E1> with id I1 or element <E2> with id I2 Element <E1> with id I1 or id I2 Attribute A of element <E>

Rosetta Stone and Cookbook

LEGEND
Selenium
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA id=I NA name=N X OR identifier=X name=N index=v name=N value=v NA NA NA NA NA NA NA link=t NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Sprinkled with Selenium usage tips, this is both a general-purpose set of recipes for each technology as well as a cross-reference to map from one to another. The validation suite for this reference chart (http://bit.ly/gTd5oc) provides example usage for each recipe supported by Selenium (the majority of them).
XPath (1.0 2.0)
xpath=/html xpath=/html/body //text() xpath=/html/body/.../.../.../E //E xpath=(//E)[2] //img //E[@A] //E[@A='t'] //E[contains(@A,'t')] //E[starts-with(@A, 't')] //E[ends-with(@A, 't')] OR //E[substring(@A, string-length(@A) - string-length('t')+1)='t'] //E[contains(concat('', @A, ''), 'w') //E*matches(@A, r)+ //E1[@id=I1] | //E2[@id=I2] //E1[@id=I1 or @id=I2] //E/@A {Se: //E@A } //*/@A {Se: //*@A } //E[@A2='t']/@A1 {Se: //E[@A2='t']@A1 } //E[contains(@A,'t')]/@A {Se: //E[contains(@A,'t')]@A } //E[@id='I'] //*[@id='I'] //E[@name='N'] //*[@name='N'] //*[@id='X' or @name='X'] //*[@name='N'][v+1] //*[@name='N'][@value='v'] //E[@lang='L' or starts-with(@lang, concat('L', '-'))] NA //*[contains(concat('', @class, ''), 'C')] //E[contains(concat('', @class, ''), 'C')] //*[.='t'] //E[contains(text(),'t')] //a //a[.='t'] //a[contains(text(),'t')] //a[@href='url'] //a[.='t']/@href //E/*[1] //E[1] //E/*[last()] //E[last()] //E[2] OR //E/following-sibling::E //*[2][name()='E'] //E[last()-1] //*[last()-1][name()='E'] //E1/[E2 and not( *[not(self::E2)])] //E/.. //*[@id='I']/ . . ./. . ./. . ./E //*[@id='I']//E //E[count(*)=0] //E[count(*)=1] //E[count(preceding-sibling::*)+count(following-sibling::*)=0] //E[count(../E) = 1] //E[position() mod N = M + 1] //E2/following-sibling::E1 //E2/following-sibling::*[1][name()='E1'] //E2/following-sibling::*[2][name()='E1'] //E/following-sibling::* //E2/preceding-sibling::E1 //E2/preceding-sibling::*[1][name()='E1'] //E2/preceding-sibling::*[2][name()='E1'] //E/preceding-sibling::*[1] //*[@id='TestTable']//tr[3]//td[2] {Se: //*[@id='TestTable'].2.1 } //td[preceding-sibling::td='t'] //td[preceding-sibling::td[contains(.,'t')]] //E[@disabled] //*[not(@disabled)] //*[@checked] NA NA NA NA NA

CSS (CSS1 3)
css=html css=body NA css=body>>>>E css=E NA css=img css=E[A] css=E[A='t'] css=E[A*='t'] css=E[A^='t'] css=E[A$='t']
css=E[A~='w']

DOM
document.documentElement document.body NA document.body.childNodes[i]...childNodes[j] document.gEBTN('E')[0] document.gEBTN('E')[1] document.images[0] dom=for each (e in document.gEBTN('E')) if (e.A) e NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA document.gEBTN('E')[0].getAttribute('A') {Se: document.gEBTN('E')[0]@A } NA NA NA NA document.gEBI('I') NA document.getElementsByName('N')[0] NA NA NA NA NA document.getElementsByClassName('C')[0] NA NA NA document.links[0] NA NA NA NA document.gEBTN('E')[0].firstChild document.getEBTN('E')[0] document.gEBTN('E')[0].lastChild document.gEBTN(E)[document.gEBTN(E).length-1] document.getEBTN('E')[1] NA document.gEBTN(E)[document.gEBTN(E).length-2] NA NA document.gEBTN('E')[0].parentNode document.gEBI('I')gEBTN('E')[0] document.gEBI('I').gEBTN('E')[0] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA document.gEBTN('E')[0].nextSibling NA NA NA document.gEBTN('E2')[0].previousSibling document.gEBI('TestTable').gEBTN('tr')[2].gEBTN('td')[1] {Se: document.gEBI('TestTable').2.1 } NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

General

XPath CSS DOM Selenium

{Se: . . . } Selenium-only

Tag

NA css=E1#I1,E2#I2 css=E1#I1,E1#I2 NA {Se: css=E@A } NA {Se: css=*@A } NA {Se: css=E[A2='t']@A1 } NA {Se: css=E[A*='t']@A } css=E#I css=#I css=E[name=N] css=[name=N] NA css=[name=N]:nth-child(v+1) css=[name=N][value='v] css=E[lang|=L] css=E:lang(L) css=.C css=E.C NA css=E:contains('t') css=a NA css=a:contains('t') css=a[href='url'] NA css=E > *:first-child { Se: css=E > * } css=E:first-of-type { Se: css=E }
css=E *:last-child css=E:last-of-type css=E:nth-of-type(2) css=E:nth-child(2) css=E:nth-last-of-type(2) css=E:nth-last-child(2)

variation Not supported by Selenium Space character expression CSS3 or XPath 2.0 DOM abbreviations:
gEBI getElementById gEBTN getElementsByTagName

Attribute Id & Name Lang & Class Text & Link

Parent & Child

Sibling

Footnotes

Attribute A of any element Attribute A1 of element <E> where attribute A2 is 't' exactly Attribute A of element <E> where A contains 't' Element <E> with id I Element with id I Element <E> with name N Element with name N Element with id X or, failing that, a name X Element with name N & specified 0-based index v Element with name N & specified value v Element <E> is explicitly in language L or subcode Element <E> is in language L or subcode (possibly inherited) Element with a class C Element <E> with a class C Element containing text 't' exactly Element <E> containing text 't' Link element <a> containing text 't' exactly <a> containing text 't' <a> with target link 'url' Link URL labeled with text 't' exactly First child of element <E> First <E> child Last child of element E Last <E> child Second <E> child Second child that is an <E> element Second-to-last <E> child Second-to-last child that is an <E> element Element <E1> with only <E2> children Parent of element <E> Descendant <E> of element with id I using specific path Descendant <E> of element with id I using unspecified path Element <E> with no children Element <E> with an only child Element <E> that is an only child Element <E> with no <E> siblings Every Nth element starting with the (M+1)th Element <E1> following some sibling <E2> Element <E1> immediately following sibling <E2> Element <E1> following sibling <E2> with one intermediary Sibling element immediately following <E> Element <E1> preceding some sibling <E2> Element <E1> immediately preceding sibling <E2> Element <E1> preceding sibling <E2> with one intermediary Sibling element immediately preceding <E> Cell by row and column (e.g. 3rd row, 2nd column) Cell immediately following cell containing 't' exactly Cell immediately following cell containing 't' User interface element <E> that is disabled User interface element that is enabled Checkbox (or radio button) that is checked Element being designated by a pointing device Element has keyboard input focus Unvisited link Visited link Active element

Copyright 2011 Michael Sorens 2011.04.05 Version 1.0.2

Download the latest version from Simple-Talk http://bit.ly/gTd5oc.

Indexing (all): XPath and CSS use 1-based indexing; DOM and Seleniums table syntax use 0-based indexing.

General Notes

Prefixes (all): xpath= required unless expression starts with // dom= required unless expression starts with document. css= always required identifier= never required. Cardinality (Selenium): XPath and CSS may specify a node set or a single node; DOM must specify a single node. When a node set is specified, Selenium returns just the first node. Content (XPath): Generally should use normalize-space() when operating on display text.

NA NA css=#I > . . . > . . . > . . . > E css=#I E

css=E:empty

NA
css=E:only-child css=E:only-of-type css=E:nth-child(Nn + M) css=E2 ~ E1

DOM has limited capability with a simple

document expression; however, arbitrary JavaScript code may be used as shown in this example.

css=E2 + E1 css=E2 + * + E1 css=E + * NA NA NA NA

css=#TestTable tr:nth-child(3) td:nth-child(2)

CSS does not support qualifying elements with the style attribute, as in div[style*='border-width']. attributes; normal XPath, CSS, and DOM syntax will fail.

Selenium uses a special syntax for returning CSS: The CSS2 contains function is not in
CSS3; however, Selenium supports the superset of CSS1, 2, and 3.

Table Cell

{Se: css=#TestTable.2.1 } NA
css=td:contains('t') ~ td css=E:disabled css=*:enabled css=*:checked

DOM: firstChild, lastChild, nextSibling, and

previousSibling are problematic with mixed content; they will point to empty text nodes rather than desired elements depending on whitespace in web page source.

Dynamic

css=E:hover css=E:focus css=E:link css=E:visited css=E:active