The Basics of API 650
National Institute for Storage Tank Management
2009 Aboveground Storage Tank Management Conference and Trade Show September 11, 2009 - Houston, Texas
Presented By: Mark Baker, P.E.
API Standard 650 Welded Tanks for Oil Storage
Eleventh Edition, June 2007 Addendum 1, November 2008
Scope
Establishes minimum requirements for material, design, fabrication, erection, and testing for vertical, cylindrical, aboveground, closed- and open-top, welded carbon or stainless steel storage tanks in various sizes and capacities for internal pressures approximating atmospheric pressure (internal pressures not exceeding the weight of the roof plates)
Scope
Applies only to tanks whose entire bottom is uniformly supported Tanks in non-refrigerated service that have a maximum design temperature of 93C (200F) or less.
Scope
The Standard has requirements given in two alternate systems of units :
SI units, or US Customary units.
The Purchaser and Manufacturer shall mutually agree on the units that will be used.
Limitations
a) The face of the first flange in bolted flanged connections, unless covers or blinds are provided as permitted in this Standard. b) The first sealing surface for proprietary connections or fittings. c) The first threaded joint on the pipe in a threaded connection to the tank shell. d) The first circumferential joint in welding-end pipe connections if not welded to a flange.
Responsibilities
The Manufacturer is responsible for complying with all provisions of this Standard. Inspection by the Purchasers inspector does not negate the Manufacturers obligation to provide quality control and inspection necessary to ensure such compliance.
Design
Tank Capacity
Special Considerations
Foundation
The adequacy of the foundation is the responsibility of the Purchaser
Corrosion Allowance
Guidance to the Purchaser for considering corrosion allowance
Service Conditions
The Purchaser specify any special requirements as required by anticipated service conditions.
Foundation
Provides considerations for the design and construction of foundations. Outline good practices
Precautions to be considered
Tolerances for levelness of the final foundation
Tank Bottoms
Shell Design
Shell Design
Shell designed on the basis that the tank is filled to level H with a specific gravity (SG) product value furnished by the customer.
Manufacturer must furnish a drawing that lists:
Required shell t (include CA) for both product and hydrotest Nominal thickness used Material specification Allowable stresses
Materials
Design Metal Temperature
8C (15F) above the lowest 1-day mean
Design
Material Group Selection
Shell Design
Sd and St is selected from the table of permissible materials and allowable stresses is API Std 650
Shell Design
td tt 2 .6 D H Sd 2 .6 D H St 1G 1
One foot Method
CA
Where t d thickness G D H Sd
(in)
specific gravity diameter (ft) height (ft) product design
use max of td or tt Sd and St per Table 3-2 add internal pressure to H must use min t per 5.6.1.1 must check for wind buckling
Not allowed for shells with diameters greater than 60m (200 ft).
stress (psi)
CA corrosion S t test design
allowance stress
Shell Design
Shells with diameters greater than 60m (200 feet)
Variable Design-Point Method
See Appendix K
Elastic Analysis (Finite Element Analysis)
Shell Design
Diameter
15m (50') 15m < D 36m 50' < D < 120' 36m < D 60m 120' < D 200'
Minimum Thickness
5mm (3/16 in) 6mm (1/4 in) 8mm (5/16 in)
> 60m (200')
10mm (3/8 in)
Wind Girders
Z = 0.0001 D2H2
Where:
Z = Required section Modulus (in3) D = Nominal Tank Diameter H2 = Height of the tank, incl. Freeboard (ft)
Based on 120 MPH 3 sec gust
Intermediate Wind Girders
Where H1 = vertical distance (ft) between intermediate
wind girder and top angle or top wind girder
t = as ordered thickness (in) of the top shell
course
D = nominal tank diameter (ft)
If the Transformed shell height is > H1 then an intermediate wind girder is required
Shell Openings
Roof Design
Roofs
Fixed roofs
Roofs and structure designed to support load combinations in Appendix R.
Roof Plates minimum of 5mm (3/16 or 7 gauge) sheet
Self supported roof plates may require thicker plate. Supported cone roof plates shall not be attached to the supporting members unless the underside is to be painted.
Fixed Roof Design
Cone Roof
Fixed Roof Design
Dome Roof
Umbrella Roof
Minimum radius = 0.8D (unless otherwise specified by the Purchaser) Maximum radius = 1.2D
Wind Load
Provides a set of rules for evaluating the uplift or overturning stability of a tank If the design does not satisfy the uplift requirements
Increase shell weight Provide anchorage
Erection of Tanks
API 650 provides rules and tolerances for erecting tanks Rules for welding
Welding Procedure Specifications Procedure Qualification Records Section IX of the ASME Code
Erection of Tanks
Welding of tank bottom
Welding of tank shell
Inspection Testing
The standard provides details for the minimum testing to be performed to ensure quality workmanship of the tank
Shell-to-Bottom weld
Magnetic particle Liquid penetrant High flash-point oil Leak test Alternative pressure test
Inspection Testing
Testing of the bottom
Visual Vacuum box Tracer gas
Testing of the shell
Radiographic inspection Ultrasonic inspection Magnetic particle of root pass
Inspection Testing
Testing of the Roof Gas tight roofs
Internal air pressure < weight of roof plates Vacuum box testing of weld seams
Non gas tight roofs
Visual inspection of weld seams
Inspection Testing
Testing of Penetrations Hydrostatic testing requirements
Marking
Appendices
Optional Design Basis for Small Tanks
Maximum shell thickness of 13mm (1/2) Only applicable to lower strength materials Design equations are simplified Inspection requirements can be reduced Provides a table of typical sizes, capacities, and shell plate thicknesses
Appendices
Shop Assembled Storage Tanks
Appendices
Stainless Steel Tanks This appendix covers materials, design, fabrication, erection, and testing requirements for austenitic stainless steel storage tanks constructed of material grades 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 317, and 317L.
Appendices
Aluminum Tanks
Imported from ASME B96.1 Welded Aluminum Alloy Storage Tanks ASME B96.1 has been withdrawn
Appendices
External Floating Roofs
Appendices
Internal Floating Roofs
Appendices
Internal Floating Roofs
Appendices
Appendices
Cable suspended floating roofs
Appendices
Perimeter Venting
Spaced 10m (32 ft) Minimum 4 Area - 0.2 m2 (2 ft2)
Shell Circulation Vents
Can be used instead
Appendices
Aluminum Domes
Appendices
Aluminum Domes With integral tension ring
Dome resists all forces Supports slide radial direction
Without tension ring
Tank resists all forces Dome is fixed to the tank
Seismic Design
Appendices
Requirements for Tanks Operating at Elevated Temperatures 260C (500F)
Appendices
Design for external pressure
Applicable to pressures up to 6.9 KPa (1.0 PSI)
Appendices
Design for Internal Pressures
Covers from Atmospheric up to 18 KPa (2.5 PSI)
Thank You
