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Advanced Higher Mechanics Unit 2 Notes COMPLETE

This document contains notes on mechanics for an Advanced Higher unit. It covers several topics: - Integrating variable forces using standard integrals and appropriate substitutions. - Motion in circles and the relationships between radial, linear, and angular speed. - Conical pendulums and constructing triangles to analyze forces on banked curves. - Impulse, momentum, and the conservation of momentum through various examples. - Work, energy, power and applying the concepts to inclined planes, springs, and strings. - Simple harmonic motion and the equations that describe oscillatory motion.

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Ryan_Hoyle95
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253 views6 pages

Advanced Higher Mechanics Unit 2 Notes COMPLETE

This document contains notes on mechanics for an Advanced Higher unit. It covers several topics: - Integrating variable forces using standard integrals and appropriate substitutions. - Motion in circles and the relationships between radial, linear, and angular speed. - Conical pendulums and constructing triangles to analyze forces on banked curves. - Impulse, momentum, and the conservation of momentum through various examples. - Work, energy, power and applying the concepts to inclined planes, springs, and strings. - Simple harmonic motion and the equations that describe oscillatory motion.

Uploaded by

Ryan_Hoyle95
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ryan Hoyle

Advanced Higher Mechanics Notes Advanced Higher Mechanics Unit 2 Notes Resisting medium

Unit 2

can be variable so have to use an F = ma equation with a subbed a forming a double integration (VERY IMPORTANT) Have to Use STANDARD INTEGRALS found here; = ( ) ( ( Variable force Requires integration on both sides Use F = ma you end up with a dv/dt on the ma side of the equation, thats okay Integrate force respecting dt and the ma part respecting dv. Make sure you use appropriate substitution of dy/dx when doing these ones. = ( ) just as with subs

) = c ..can also do with long division then subs ( ( ) ) )

Motion in a Circle radian is angle where arc = radius speed in straight line linear angular speed measured in

When not slipping, Careful if motion inside of a cylinder, friction is acting a different way

Ryan Hoyle

Advanced Higher Mechanics Notes Conical pendulums the tension acts toward the top Motion of a car on banked curve when not slipping construct triangle so that Just remember that both circular and plane equations are going on is acting horizontally inwards regardless of plane max uR gives max velocity before slipping occurs Gravity

Unit 2

can combine with F = ma (just a rearrangement) this is an inverse square law horizontal circle equations are still relevant and applicable Momentum Force is rate of change of momentum p = mv measured in kgms^-1 if mass is variable then ( ) ( ) so just rate of change!

CAN USE PRODUCT RULE ON THIS ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

Impulse I = Ft therefore Impulse = p2 - p1 FOR VARIABLE FORCES . or I = mv-mu ( )

MOMENTUM ALWAYS CONSERVED so

Ryan Hoyle

Advanced Higher Mechanics Notes

Unit 2

remember to convert velocities to speeds for impulse etc. Impulse equations work for momentum destroyed as well, as in Ft = mv-mu... etc. Kinetic energy can be lost or gained, but momentum conserved always Work, Energy and Power

at constant v, F = Ff remember F=uR so for Ew up a hill, find Ep + Ew against friction for total work done Remember to find your resistive force to the angled plane (trig) E=

Ep + Ek = k, energy conserved unless lost to friction etc use energy equations on inclined slope keeping in mind conservation of energy For Eq of angled force split into components to include direction of motion as this is where friction will act | || | so work done is the dot product of a force compared with direction of motion ( ) ....... x is displacement along line of travel ( )

For a variable force,

if force is a function of time, then

therefore must rearrange by inserting a dt/dt, giving F(t) .dx/dt.dt therefore ( )

so P=F.v as in dot product, or P = FV if one dimensional F =E/t P/v = F known as tractive force not resultant because we are ignoring the lost energy Elasticity tension extension so where lambda is modulus, x is extension, l is original length this tension becomes the thrust when released

Ryan Hoyle

Advanced Higher Mechanics Notes if hanging then T = mg as it isnt moving Remember if string pulled vertically downwards weight is always acting on it work done by string when released is + c where a is the change in length not necessarily from natural. Or if stretching between two points use Ew - Ew using above equation for both

Unit 2

For energy related string stuff separate ek and ep for both string and particle at all points = stiffness constant therefore = so where x is the extension

remember that symbol a means extension only Simple Harmonic Motion F(x) x for simple harmonic motion so acceleration proportional to distance x is distance from central point so F(x) = kx but we use -n^2 because it just figures out way easier so f(x) = -n^2x PROVING NEXT FORMULA

integrate both to form

when v = 0, x = a a = amplitude! so and therefore ( )

for max speed x = 0 so v = na and therefore ( ))

Ryan Hoyle

Advanced Higher Mechanics Notes ( ( )

Unit 2

) through differentiation ... T is period

E is known as phase angle, if t = 0 and x = 0 then its 0, BUT if t = 0 and x = a then E = pi/2 A reminder of the six SHM equations.. ( ) ( ) ( Max v = na ( ( ) ) x )

Can describe in a circle too, just draw it out and use your equations For a Pendulum remember SHM in springs; they obey prove this using f = ma ( )

Extra stuff Airspeed is relative to the air you are moving through, ground speed relative to ground Static friction -> object not moving Dynamic friction -> object moving Limiting friction -> maximum value of static friction where any extra force would cause a movement. Rectilinear motion is just linear motion Work-energy principle Energy after - Energy before = Ew or lost Conservative force does not change with the path e.g. gravity

Ryan Hoyle

Advanced Higher Mechanics Notes Non-conservative force does change with the path e.g. friction

Unit 2

remember a = vdv/dx as well as a = dv/dt! achieve it by separating the dv/dx with dtss!

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