Scribd
Upload
223 views

LVM Linux

Logical volume management (LVM) allows aggregating storage from multiple physical disks and dynamically resizing volumes. It uses a layered structure of physical volumes, volume groups, and logical volumes. RAID provides data redundancy through techniques like mirroring, striping with parity, or striping alone. Common RAID levels are 0, 1, 5, and 6. LVM and RAID commands can be used to create, manage, and monitor storage volumes, arrays, and their component devices and partitions.

Uploaded by

Yedu Emm Ess
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
223 views

LVM Linux

Logical volume management (LVM) allows aggregating storage from multiple physical disks and dynamically resizing volumes. It uses a layered structure of physical volumes, volume groups, and logical volumes. RAID provides data redundancy through techniques like mirroring, striping with parity, or striping alone. Common RAID levels are 0, 1, 5, and 6. LVM and RAID commands can be used to create, manage, and monitor storage volumes, arrays, and their component devices and partitions.

Uploaded by

Yedu Emm Ess
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

###Logical Volume Managment (LVM)### Features: 1. Volume sets - aggreate storage from disparate sources 2.

Resize storage on-the-fly 3. Provision storage as necessary Tasks: 1. LVM Storage Hierarchy Logical Volume - configure file system at this level - Volume Groups - represents one or more physical volumes - Physical Volumes: (i.e. /dev/sdb4, /dev/sdc3, etc.) - partition, using fdi sk or parted: LVM type (8e) 2. Create LVM Storage Hierarchy - 6-Steps a. Create LVM partitions on available disks a1. 'parted /dev/sdb' a2. 'mkpart primary start end' a3. 'set partition_num lvm on' a4. 'reboot' b. 'pvcreate /dev/sdb4 /dev/sdc3' - create physical LVM volumes from partitio ns b1. 'pvdisplay' c. 'vgcreate volgroupvar /dev/sdb4 /dev/sdc3' - allocates both volumes to the volume group d. 'lvcreate -L 5GB -n logvolvar volgroupvar' e. 'mke2fs -t ext4 -j /dev/volgroupvar/logvolvar' - overlays EXT4 FS on LVM v olume f. 'mkdir /lvmvar1 && mount /dev/volgroupvar/logvolvar /lvmvar1' g. Update: '/etc/fstab' for persistence 3. Resize LVMs a. 'lvresize -L 6GB /dev/volgroupvar/logvolvar' b. 'resize2fs /dev/volgroupvar/logvolvar 6G' c. 'lvresize -L 4GB /dev/volgroupvar/logvolvar' d. 'resize2fs /dev/volgroupvar/logvolvar 4G' Note: Reductions will likely return errors resulting in re-provisioning of the F S 4. Rename Logical Volume a. 'lvrename volgroupvar logvolvar logvolopt' - renames volume, NOT volume gro up b. 'lvresize -L 6GB /dev/volgroupvar/logvolopt' - restores to 6GB 5. Rename Volume Group a. 'vgrename volgroupvar volgroupopt' - renames the volume group b. update: '/etc/fstab' - to reflect volume group name change 6. Assign more partitions(storage) to LVM a. 'parted /dev/sdc' b. 'mkpart primary 16.1GB 26.1GB' c. 'set 4 lvm on' d. 'pvcreate /dev/sdc4' - assigns LVM partition to LVM management e. 'vgextend volgroupopt /dev/sdc4' - extends volume group: 'volgroupopt' f. 'lvresize -L 15GB /dev/volgroupopt/logvolopt' - online resize g. 'resize2fs /dev/volgroupopt/logvolopt 15G' - online resize 7. LVM GUI a. 'system-config-lvm'

b. 'ssh -X [email protected]' - redirects X.org session back to local GUI c. Extend storage of: '/dev/volgroupopt/logvolopt' to: 16GB Note: GUI will send appropriate commands to system to: a. Resize logical volume (logvolopt) b. Resize EXT4 FS to appropriate size 8. Recreate LVM hierarchy a. Unmount any partitions tied to: '/dev/sd[bc]' b. 'parted /dev/sdb' - remove partitions & create new LVM partitions c. 'init 6' - reboot d. Use: 'system-config-lvm' to create volume group from: '/dev/sdb1' & '/dev/s dc1' e. Create logical volume: 'logvolopt' f. Mount at: '/opt' ###RAID### Features: 1. Data spread across 2 or more disk/partitions 2. Redundancy - recover from catastrophy 3. Levels: 0,1,4,5,6,10 Tasks: 1. RAID0 - volume set creation i.e. LVM a. Create multiple partitions: /dev/sd[bc][5-8] - of type '83' || 'linux' b. 'init 6' - reboot c. 'mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdc5' d. 'mke2fs -t ext4 -j /dev/md0' e. 'mkdir /raid0 && mount /dev/md0 /raid0' f. 'nano /etc/fstab' 2. RAID1 - mirroring - halves the storage a. 'mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdc6' b. 'mke2fs -t ext4 -j /dev/md1' c. 'mkdir /raid1 && mount /dev/md1 /raid1' 3. RAID5 - striping with parity - sacrifices the equivalent of 1-drive(partitio n) a. 'mdadm --create /dev/md2 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb8 /de v/sdc7 /dev/sdc8' b. 'mke2fs -t ext4 -j /dev/md2' c. 'mkdir /raid5 && mount /dev/md2 /raid5 && seq 1000000 > /raid5/1million.txt && ls -l /raid5' d. nano /etc/fstab e. test auto-mount during system initialization ###RAID Management### Features: 1. Create 2. Assemble: assembles pre-existing array(s) 3. Manage: Use to fail devices to take them offline 4. Monitor: E-mail, run processes, etc. 5. Misc: '--query', '--detail', '--examine'(individual RAID components' Tasks: 1. 'cat /proc/mdstat' - enumerates currently-available RAID-arrays (sets) 2. 'mdadm --query /dev/md[0-2]' - returns information about the 3 arrays: 0-2 3. Publish RAID array as a read-only volume

a. 'umount /dev/md0' - unmounts the RAID array b. 'mdadm -o /dev/md0' - flags, in the superblock, the array: /dev/md0 as Read -Only c. 'mount /dev/md0 /raid0' d. 'mount' 4. Publish RAID array as a read-write volume a. 'umount /dev/md0' - unmounts the RAID array b. 'mdadm -w /dev/md0' - flags, in the superblock, the array: /dev/md0 as Read -Write c. 'mount /dev/md0 /raid0' d. 'mount' 5. Stop RAID volume for management purposes a. 'mdadm --manage --stop /dev/md0' - facilitates offline management Note: Stopping/deactivating the array will remove its '/dev/md?' entry Note: There are multiple ways to reassemble RAID arrays: 1. command-line: 'mdadm -A /dev/md0 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdc5' - restarts (reassemble s) '/dev/md0' from its component parts 2. '/etc/mdadm.conf' - associates DEVICES & ARRAYS and management/notification info. a. 'DEVICE /dev/sdb[5678] /dev/sdc[5678]' b. 'ARRAY /dev/md0 devices=/dev/sdb5,/dev/sdc5' 6. Other options: a. 'mdadm -D /dev/md[0-2] - enumerates info. about ARRAYS b. 'mdadm -E /dev/sd[bc][78] - enumerates info. about the 4 partions on the 2 drives: /dev/sd[bc]

You might also like