Word Form

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Douglas College Learning Centre

WORD FORM
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives and Adverbs
In this handout, you will learn to: recognize how the four basic parts of speech are used in sentences. recognize parts of speech using suffixes. identify the part of speech needed in a sentence by looking at the other words around it. choose the correct parts of speech to go in sentences.

Parts of Speech
Noun: A person, place, thing, or idea A noun often comes before a verb Children play. A noun often comes after a determiner like a, the, some, his, our or this. The dog barked. A noun can come after an adjective. The angry dog barked. A noun can come after a verb. The girl gave cookies to her friend. A noun comes after a preposition. She keeps papers in boxes.

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Verb: An action (run, call, argue) or a state (be, seem, become) A verb often comes after a noun. The baby cried. A verb can come between two nouns. The boy hit the ball.

Adjective: Describes a noun An adjective most often comes before a noun. The red dog barked. An adjective can be joined to a noun with a stative verb such as be, feel or seem. The dog is red. An adjective can come after a noun with the verbs of causation (get, have, make). She made her brother angry.

Adverb: Describes a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a whole sentence An adverb can come after a verb. She walked slowly. An adverb can come between a helping verb and its main verb. He has been quietly doing his homework in the corner since three oclock. An adverb can come before an adjective. The bag was extremely heavy. An adverb can come before another adverb. She talked very quietly.
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An adverb can come at the beginning of a sentence. Unfortunately, he lost his wallet.

An adverb can come at the end of a sentence. He lost his umbrella, too

Exercise 1: Recognizing parts of speech needed in a sentence Read the following sentences. Identify the part of speech that should go in each blank. Write N (noun), V (verb), Adj (adjective) or Adv (adverb) to identify the part of speech that should go in each blank. After choosing the part of speech, explain to your tutor what clues showed you the part of speech that was needed. Example: The cow jumped over the N .

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

The ___________ left. The __________ car was going too fast. Cathy ____________ her wallet at home today. ___________, she got stopped by the police on her way to work. Henry was __________ tired after walking all afternoon. The office ________ wrote a memo to all the employees. The students ___________ their homework on time. He gave good __________ to his wife. The funny man spoke very ____________.

10. The bad weather made everyone __________.

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11. They look almost the same. The ___________ is in their eyes. 12. My sister sent the letter which I __________ yesterday. 13. Paul and his sister, Helen, _________ to the airport early. 14. She recognized the man who __________ the street. 15. The woman became _________ when the driver in front of her stopped for no reason. 16. They usually put the flowers on __________ in front of the store. 17. The radio blared __________. 18. Johns _________ broke down on the bridge. 19. The letter _______ on Tuesday. 20. I found a _________ envelope on the sidewalk.

Suffixes
Suffixes are the endings on words. For example, the underlined parts of the following words are suffixes. tasteless difference categorize sadly The suffix controls the part of speech. For example, the following words all come from the root word create. Notice the part of speech of each word. create creative creation creatively verb adjective noun adverb

Like the example creative, most words ending in ive are adjectives. Like the example creation, most words ending in tion are nouns. Like the example creatively, most words ending in ly are adverbs.
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By learning which suffixes are used for which part of speech, you can easily recognize the part of speech of many words. This can expand your vocabulary and solve many word form problems in your writing. It can also help you to understand sentences more clearly when you read. The following exercises will help you to learn which suffixes are connected to which parts of speech in English. Because there are many suffixes, you need to practice to learn them.

Exercise 2: Using Suffixes Below are lists of common suffixes for the four main parts of speech. Endings with * are common for more than one part of speech. For each suffix, do the following: 1. Look at the example word. Underline the ending of the example word. 2. Think of two more example words for each suffix and write them on the lines provided.

3. On another piece of paper, write a sentence using one of the example words for each ending. Circle the example word and underline the ending. Verb Endings -ate* -ed* -en* -ify -ing* -ize refrigerate worked lengthen satisfy working recognize operate ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

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Adverb Endings -ly -ward happily westward _____________ _____________ ______________ ______________

Noun Endings -age -al* -ee damage referral employee _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

-ence/-ance difference

-ency/-ancy dependency _____________ -er*/-or -hood -ian -ing* -ism -ist -ity/-ty -ment -ness -ory -ship employer _____________

motherhood _____________ musician cooking socialism chemist security shipment kindness directory friendship _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

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-th -tion/-ion -ure -y*

length pollution pleasure jealousy

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

Adjective Endings -able/-ible -al* -ate* -ed* -en -ent/-ant -er* -est -ful -ic -ical -ing* -ish -ive -less -like comfortable _____________ regional passionate excited broken different faster fastest beautiful economic comical exciting pinkish creative painless childlike _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ _____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

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-ous/-ious -some -ward* -y*

dangerous handsome westward happy

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

Exercise 3: Recognizing word form from suffixes Underline the suffix in each word below. Write N (noun), V (verb), Adj (Adjective) or Adv (Adverb) beside each word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. ____ heighten ____ remembrance ____ beautiful ____ northward ____ heinous ____ creature ____ realism ____ diffident ____ technical ____ parenthood ____ heresy ____ differently ____ imaginatively ____ beauty 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. ____ beautifully ____ management ____ organize ____ winsome ____ creative ____ hopeless ____ contortionist ____ terrify ____ payee ____ tendency ____approbation ____ terrorize ____ kinship ____ deformity

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29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.

____ childish ____ unpredictable ____ thoughtfully ____ imaginative ____ caloric ____ funny ____ hilarious ____ stoic ____ tiredness ____ terminal

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Exercise 4: Choosing the correct part of speech Read each sentence and choose the correct word to put in the blank. Verbs are listed in their plain form. You may need to change the verb tense. Then check your answers with the answer key.

1. different, differently, differ, difference

a) The ____________ between them is hard to see. b) The sisters ____________ in many ways. c) That man dances _________________ from all the other dancers.
d) These pictures all look the same, but that one looks _____________.

2. force, forced, forcefully, forceful

a) He spoke _____________ about the problem of child labour. b) He was a very _____________ speaker. c) Many people think it is wrong to use ______________ to discipline a child. d) The kidnapper ____________ the wealthy woman to stay quiet.

3. imagine, imaginative, imaginatively, imagination

a) The child ______________ she lived in a big house with a swimming pool. b) He wrote ________________ about life in the year 2350. c) Its wonderful to have lots of ___________________. d) The story was very ________________.

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4. think, thoughtful, thoughtlessly, thought

a) We all _____________ the brownies are disgustingly rich. b) Our _________________ were with her when her father got so sick. c) She laughed __________________ and hurt her daughters feelings. d) It was very _______________ of you to send me a card on my birthday.

5. wide, width, widen

a) In the 1970s, ____________ belts were very fashionable. b) The new taxation strategy ______________ the gap between rich and poor people. c) The _______________ of the rectangle was half its height.

6. avoidance, avoidable, avoid, unavoidable

a) I dont think she likes me. She always tries to ____________ me. b) _______________ is an unhealthy way to deal with problems. c) Many health problems are _______________ if you eat right and exercise. d) Health problems caused by genetics are often _________________.

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7. information, informative, inform, informatively

a) She spoke _____________ about the effects of the flood. b) An ______________ brochure is available from your doctor. c) Schools _____________ children about safe ways to use the internet.
d) The first step in writing a research paper is to collect the _____________ you

need.

8. wild, wildly, wilderness

a) The first Europeans to come to Canada were amazed by its vast __________________. b) He has been _____________ searching for his lost boot. c) The cat looked ___________ after being lost for two weeks.

9. registration, register, registered, registrar

a) The ______________ said that all students must pay their fees 3 weeks before classes begin. b) When the class began, there were 23 _______________ students. c) I need to _______________ at noon tomorrow. d) My _________________ was cancelled when I failed to pay my fees.

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10.

recognize, recognizable, recognizably, recognition

a) He was ______________ distressed after watching the violent movie. b) When I met my old friend, I was amazed because she was hardly ______________ as the same person. She looked so much older. c) The President has started a program which _______________ high levels of student achievement. d) She hopes ________________ of good students will encourage them to stay at the college.

Exercise 5: More practice with choosing the correct part of speech Read each sentence and choose the correct word to put in the blank. Verbs are listed in their plain form. You may need to change the verb tense. Then check your answers with the answer key.

1. storage, store, stored, store

a) When she moved to a smaller apartment, she had to put a lot of her things into _______________. b) The department ______________ had a big sale last Saturday. c) The Canadian pioneers _____________ their vegetables in a cool dark places because they had no refrigeration. d) They used these _____________ vegetables all winter.

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2. exciting, excite, excitement, excitedly

a) That movie was really _______________. b) There was so much _________________ about their new CD that people were lining up to buy it. c) Star Wars movies ______________ a lot of interest among science fiction fans. d) The young girls screamed _______________ when they saw their favorite movie star.

3. creative, creativity, create, creatively

a) Newspaper cartoonists need _______________ to think of clever ideas day after day. b) When there is too much noise in the Learning Centre, it ____________ problems for students who are trying to study. c) The authors ________________ ability is his most important asset. d) The painting ______________ mixed modern and traditional themes.

4. astonishingly, astonishment, astonish, astonished

a) When the first people landed on the moon, the people of the world were _______________. b) The two cities are _________________ similar. c) Her outstanding singing ability _______________ the audience. d) Their _________________ could be seen on their faces.

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5. annoyance, annoying, annoy, annoyingly

a) The little boy was ______________ disruptive. It was impossible for anyone to hear what the speaker was saying. b) That _________________ sound makes it impossible to get any work done. c) It really _________________ me when salespeople phone right at suppertime. d) His ___________________ caused him to stomp out and slam the door.

6. length, long, lengthen

a) How _____________ is the movie? b) She needs to ______________ her sons pants because they have gotten too short. c) He kept concentrating on his homework for an astonishing ______________ of time.

7. dry, dryness, dried, dryly

a) She put __________ fruit in the nutbread. b) She used hand cream to ease the ______________ of her skin. c) In parts of Greece, people _____________ grapes on the roofs of their houses. d) He spoke _____________ about his experiences as a bartender.

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8. pollution, polluted, pollute

a) Industries dump waste chemicals which ______________ the rivers. b) That river seems _________________ but it is actually very clean. c) When the oil tanker sank, the devastating ________________ killed millions of sea birds.

9. employer, employee, unemployment, employ

a) The ________________ informed her _______________ that they would get a Christmas bonus. b) ___________________ among young people is a terrible problem. c) The sawmill ________________ most of the people in that small town.

10.

ridicule, ridiculousness, ridiculously, ridiculous

a) Stephanie was furious when her older brother _____________ her in front of her friends. b) The movie was _______________ but I really enjoyed it. c) In fact, I liked the movie because of its _________________. d) She seemed _________________ happy about my small gift.

For more practice, see: Marstein, L. and Hirasawa, L. (1981). Developing Reading Skills (Intermediate). New York: Newbury House. Exercise G in each chapter. Marstein, L. and Hirasawa, L. (1981). Developing Reading Skills (Advanced). New York: Newbury House. Exercise G in each chapter.

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ANSWER KEY WORD FORM

Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives and Adverbs
In this handout, you will learn to: recognize how the four basic parts of speech are used in sentences. recognize parts of speech using suffixes. identify the part of speech needed in a sentence by looking at the other words around it. choose the correct parts of speech to go in sentences.

Parts of Speech
Noun: A person, place, thing, or idea A noun often comes before a verb Children play. A noun often comes after a determiner like a, the, some, his, our or this. The dog barked. A noun can come after an adjective. The angry dog barked. A noun can come after a verb. The girl gave cookies to her friend. A noun comes after a preposition. She keeps papers in boxes.

J. Robinson/2000

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The Learning Centre

Verb: An action (run, call, argue) or a state (be, seem, become)

A verb often comes after a noun. The baby cried.

A verb can come between two nouns. The boy hit the ball.

Adjective: Describes a noun An adjective most often comes before a noun. The red dog barked. An adjective can be joined to a noun with a stative verb such as be, feel or seem. The dog is red. An adjective can come after a noun with the verbs of causation (get, have, make). She made her brother angry.

Adverb: Describes a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a whole sentence

An adverb can come after a verb. She walked slowly.

An adverb can come between a helping verb and its main verb. He has been quietly doing his homework in the corner since three oclock.

An adverb can come before an adjective.

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The bag was extremely heavy. An adverb can come before another adverb. She talked very quietly. An adverb can come at the beginning of a sentence. Unfortunately, he lost his wallet. An adverb can come at the end of a sentence. He lost his umbrella, too

Exercise 1: Recognizing parts of speech needed in a sentence Read the following sentences. Identify the part of speech that should go in each blank. Write N (noun), V (verb), Adj (adjective) or Adv (adverb) to identify the part of speech that should go in each blank. After choosing the part of speech, explain to your tutor what clues showed you the part of speech that was needed. Example: The cow jumped over the _ N__. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.

The The Cathy

N Adj V

left. car was going too fast. her wallet at home today.

Adv Henry was The office

she got stopped by the police on her way to work. Adv N V N tired after walking all afternoon. wrote a memo to all the employees. their homework on time. to his wife. Adv . Adj

The students He gave good

The funny man spoke very

The bad weather made everyone

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11. They look almost the same. The 12. My sister sent the letter which I 13. Paul and his sister, Helen, 14. She recognized the man who 15. The woman became no reason. Adj V V V

is in their eyes. yesterday.

to the airport early. the street.

when the driver in front of her stopped for

16. They usually put the flowers on 17. The radio blared 18. Johns 19. The letter 20. I found a N V Adj Adv .

in front of the store.

broke down on the bridge. on Tuesday. envelope on the sidewalk.

Suffixes
Suffixes are the endings on words. For example, the underlined parts of the following words are suffixes. tasteless difference categorize sadly The suffix controls the part of speech. For example, the following words all come from the root word create. Notice the part of speech of each word. create creative creation creatively verb adjective noun adverb

Like the example creative, most words ending in ive are adjectives. Like the example creation, most words ending in tion are nouns.
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Like the example creatively, most words ending in ly are adverbs. By learning which suffixes are used for which part of speech, you can easily recognize the part of speech of many words. This can expand your vocabulary and solve many word form problems in your writing. It can also help you to understand sentences more clearly when you read. The following exercises will help you to learn which suffixes are connected to which parts of speech in English. Because there are many suffixes, you need to practice to learn them.

Exercise 2: Using Suffixes Below are lists of common suffixes for the four main parts of speech. Endings with * are common for more than one part of speech. For each suffix, do the following: 1. Look at the example word. Underline the ending of the example word. 2. Think of two more example words for each suffix and write them on the lines provided. 3. On another piece of paper, write a sentence using one of the example words for each ending. Circle the example word and underline the ending. Verb Endings -ate* -ed* -en* -fy -ing* -ize refrigerate worked lengthen satisfy working recognize __OPERATE___ __LOOKED____ __STRENGTHEN_ ___IDENTIFY____ ____DANCING___ ___PLAGIARIZE__ _ORIGINATE_____ ____WAITED_____ ___LENGTHEN___ ___TESTITY_____ ___COOKING____ ____ORGANIZE___

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Adverb Endings -ly -ward happily westward ___MADLY____ ___TOWARD__ ___ANGRILY___ ___BACKWARD_

Noun Endings -age -al* -ee damage referral employee ___CARRIAGE__ ___DEFERRAL__ ___REFEREE___ ___EXISTENCE__ ___MARRIAGE__ ___TRIAL______ ___JAMBOREE__ ___DEPENDENCE__ ___DISCREPANCY__ ___ADVISOR_____ ___NEIGHBOURHOOD_ ___CHRISTIAN____ ___SWIMMING____ ___COMMUNISM___ ___BIOLOGIST____ ___CERTAINTY____ ___COMPARTMENT_ ___HOPELESSNESS_ ___FACTORY_____ ___WORSHIP_____

-ence/-ance difference

-ency/-ancy dependency ___EXPECTANCY_ -er*/-or -hood -ian -ing* -ism -ist -ity/-ty -ment -ness -ory -ship employer ___DANCER____

motherhood ___BROTHERHOOD_ musician cooking socialism chemist security shipment kindness directory friendship ___DIEITICIAN___ ___BIKING______ ___FASCISM____ ___NEUROLOGIST_ ___INDEMNITY___ ___DEPARTMENT__ ___RICHNESS____ ___DEPOSITORY__ ___KINSHIP______

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-th -tion/-ion -ure -y*

length pollution pleasure jealousy

___BREADTH__ ___ACTION____ ___NOMECLATURE_ ___HYPOCRISY____

___DEPTH______ ___REACTION___ ___SEIZURE_____ ___SUPERFICIALITY_

Adjective Endings -able/-ible -al* -ate* -ed* -en -ent/-ant -er* -est -ful -ic -ical -ing* -ish -ive -less -like comfortable ___AMIABLE________ regional passionate excited broken different faster fastest beautiful economic comical exciting pinkish creative painless childlike ___DORSAL________ ___CONSIDERATE__ ___RUINED_______ ___GIVEN________ ___MORDANT____ ___SLOWER_____ ___SLOWEST_____ ___DOUBTFUL____ ___DOGMATIC____ ___LOGICAL_____ ___DOMINEERING__ ___GARISH_______ ___DIVISIVE______ ___SHAMELESS___ ___DWARFLIKE___ ___LIKEABLE_______ ___MORAL_________ ___CORPORATE___ ___MOTTLED_____ ___GOLDEN________ ___DORMANT_____ ___DULLER_______ ___DULLEST_____ ___MEANINGFUL___ ___PHILOSOPHIC___ ___BIOLOGICAL____ ___GLITTERING____ ___GREENISH____ ___DECISIVE______ ___RUDDERLESS___ ___ANIMALIKE____ 7

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-ous/-ious -some -ward* -y*

dangerous handsome westward happy

___RUINOUS_______ ___FEARSOME____ ___ONWARD______ ___SLIPPERY_____

___GLORIOUS____ ___LOATHSOME_____ ___UPWARD_______ ___MOLDY_________

Exercise 3: Recognizing word form from suffixes 1. 2. Underline the suffix in each word below. Write N (noun), V (verb), Adj (Adjective) or Adv (Adverb) beside each word. _Adj___ heighten _N ___ remembrance _Adj___ beautiful _Adj___ northward _Adj___ heinous _N___ creature _N___ realism _Adj___ diffident _Adj___ technical _N___ parenthood _N___ heresy _Adv___ differently _Adv___ imaginatively _N___ beauty 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. _Adv___ beautifully _N ___ management _ V ___ organize _Adj___ winsome _Adj___ creative _Adj___ hopeless _N___ contortionist _N___ terrify _N___ payee _N___ tendency _N___ approbation _V___ terrorize _N___ kinship N__ deformity 8

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

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29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.

_Adj___ childish _Adj__ unpredictable _Adv__ thoughtfully _Adj _ imaginative _Adj__ caloric _Adj__ funny _Adj__ hilarious _Adj__ stoic _N__ tiredness __N/Adj__ terminal

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Exercise 4: Choosing the correct part of speech Read each sentence and choose the correct word to put in the blank. Verbs are listed in their plain form. You may need to change the verb tense. Then check your answers with the answer key.

1. different, differently, differ, difference

a) The __DIFFERENCE______ between them is hard to see. b) The sisters __DIFFER______ in many ways. c) That man dances ___DIFFERENTLY_____ from all the other dancers.
d) These pictures all look the same, but that one looks ___DIFFERENT_____.

2. force, forced, forcefully, forceful

a) He spoke __FORCEFULLY_______ about the problem of child labour. b) He was a very __FORCEFUL_____ speaker. c) Many people think it is wrong to use ___FORCE_____ to discipline a child. d) The kidnapper _____FORCED_______ the wealthy woman to stay quiet.

3. imagined, imaginative, imaginatively, imagination

a) The child __IMAGINED _ she lived in a big house with a swimming pool. b) He wrote __IMAGINATIVELY_____ about life in the year 2350. c) Its wonderful to have lots of __IMAGINATION__. d) The story was very ___IMAGINATIVE______.

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4. think, thoughtful, thoughtlessly, thought

a) We all ___THINK______ the brownies are disgustingly rich. b) Our ___THOUGHTS_____ were with her when her father got so sick. c) She laughed __THOUGHTLESSLY____ and hurt her daughters feelings. d) It was very __THOUGHTFUL___ of you to send me a card on my birthday.

5. wide, width, widen

a) In the 1970s, __WIDE___ belts were very fashionable. b) The new taxation strategy __WIDENS___ the gap between rich and poor people. c) The ____WIDTH_____ of the rectangle was half its height.

6. avoidance, avoidable, avoid, unavoidable

a) I dont think she likes me. She always tries to ___AVOID____ me. b) ___AVOIDANCE_____ is an unhealthy way to deal with problems. c) Many health problems are ____AVOIDABLE__ if you eat right and exercise. d) Health problems caused by genetics are often ___UNAVOIDABLE_____.

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7. information, informative, inform, informatively

a) She spoke __INFORMATIVELY__ about the effects of the flood. b) An __INFORMATIVE___ brochure is available from your doctor. c) Schools ____INFORM_____ children about safe ways to use the Internet.
d) The first step in writing a research paper is to collect the __INFORMATION__

you need.

8. wild, wildly, wilderness

a) The first Europeans to come to Canada were amazed by its vast ___WILDERNESS________. b) He has been __WILDY___ searching for his lost boot. c) The cat looked ___WILD___ after being lost for two weeks.

9. registration, register, registered, registrar

a) The __REGISTRAR__ said that all students must pay their fees 3 weeks before classes begin. b) When the class began, there were 23 ___REGISTERED____ students. c) I need to ___REGISTER_____ at noon tomorrow. d) My ___REGISTRATION__________ was cancelled when I failed to pay my fees.

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10.

recognize, recognizable, recognizably, recognition

a) He was __RECOGNIZABLY______ distressed after watching the violent movie. b) When I met my old friend, I was amazed because she was hardly ___RECOGNIZABLE______ as the same person. She looked so much older. c) The President has started a program which ___RECOGNIZED_________ high levels of student achievement. d) She hopes ___RECOGNITION________ of good students will encourage them to stay at the college.

Exercise 5: More practice with choosing the correct part of speech Read each sentence and choose the correct word to put in the blank. Verbs are listed in their plain form. You may need to change the verb tense. Then check your answers with the answer key.

1. storage, store, stored, store

a) When she moved to a smaller apartment, she had to put a lot of her things into __STORAGE_______. b) The department __STORE____ had a big sale last Saturday. c) The Canadian pioneers ___STORED_____ their vegetables in a cool dark places because they had no refrigeration. d) They used these ___STORED_____ vegetables all winter.

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2. exciting, excite, excitement, excitedly

a) That movie was really __EXCITING____. b) There was so much __EXCITEMENT______ about their new CD that people were lining up to buy it. c) Star Wars movies __EXCITED/EXCITE_________ a lot of interest among science fiction fans. d) The young girls screamed __EXCITEDLY_______ when they saw their favorite movie star.

3. creative, creativity, create, creatively

a) Newspaper cartoonists need __CREATIVITY_______ to think of clever ideas day after day. b) When there is too much noise in the Learning Centre, it __CREATES_____ problems for students who are trying to study. c) The authors __CREATIVE_____ ability is his most important asset. d) The painting __CREATIVELY___ mixed modern and traditional themes.

4. astonishingly, astonishment, astonish, astonished

a) When the first people landed on the moon, the people of the world were ___ASTONISHED_______. b) The two cities are ___ASTONSHINGLY______ similar. c) Her outstanding singing ability ___ASTONISHED_____ the audience. d) Their ___ASTONISHMENT_____ could be seen on their faces.

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5. annoyance, annoying, annoy, annoyingly

a) The little boy was ___ANNOYINGLY___________ disruptive. It was impossible for anyone to hear what the speaker was saying. b) That ___ANNOYING_______ sound makes it impossible to get any work done. c) It really ___ANNOYS __ me when salespeople phone right at suppertime. d) His ___ANNOYANCE_____ caused him to stomp out and slam the door.

6. length, long, lengthen

a) How __LONG______ is the movie? b) She needs to ___LENGTHEN______ her sons pants because they have gotten too short. c) He kept concentrating on his homework for an astonishing ___LENGTH_______ of time.

7. dry, dryness, dried, dryly

a) She put ___DRIED____ fruit in the nutbread. b) She used hand cream to ease the ___DRYNESS____ of her skin. c) In parts of Greece, people ___DRY____ grapes on the roofs of their houses. d) He spoke ___DRYLY___ about his experiences as a bartender.

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8. pollution, polluted, pollute

a) Industries dump waste chemicals which __POLLUTE_____ the rivers. b) That river seems ___POLLUTED______ but it is actually very clean. c) When the oil tanker sank, the devastating __POLLUTION____ killed millions of sea birds.

9. employer, employee, unemployment, employ

a) The __EMPLOYER___ informed her ___EMPLOYEES___ that they would get a Christmas bonus. b) ___UNEMPLOYMENT_____ among young people is a terrible problem. c) The sawmill __EMPLOYS___ most of the people in that small town.

10.

ridicule, ridiculousness, ridiculously, ridiculous her in front of

a) Stephanie was furious when her older brother __RIDICULED her friends. b) The movie was ____RIDICULOUS___ but I really enjoyed it. c) In fact, I liked the movie because of its ___RIDICULOUSNESS

d) She seemed ___RIDICULOUSLY________ happy about my small gift.

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For more practice, see: Marstein, L. and Hirasawa, L. (1981). Developing Reading Skills (Intermediate). New York: Newbury House. Exercise G in each chapter. Marstein, L. and Hirasawa, L. (1981). Developing Reading Skills (Advanced). New York: Newbury House. Exercise G in each chapter.

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