BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

ESTIMATING
Introduction
In accordance with the requirements of the State Contract Act, the State Highway Engineer
must prepare full, complete, and accurate plans, specifications and estimates of cost before
entering into any contract. The estimate, known as the “Engineers Estimate”, lists the total
quantity and estimated price for each item, and is used as a basis for requesting authority to
advertise a project. After bids are received, the Engineer’s Estimate is used as a basis for
determining if the bid estimates are reasonable.
The Bridge Cost Estimates Branch provides the item costs for the Engineers Estimate for all
bridge and highway related structures. This cost estimate data, along with the special provisions
and contract plans, make up the Structure’s portion of the PS&E package.

General

BEES (Basic Engineering Estimate System)

The bridge portion of the Engineers Estimate is entered into Basic Engineering Estimate System
or BEES by SOE, Bridge Cost Estimates Branch. BEES is a computer program used for
storing estimated quantities and prices for each item of the project. The bridge portion of the
estimate is placed in the B (bridge) file and the Districts enter their portion of the estimate in the
H (highway) file. The BEES computer program then generates the C (combined) estimate for
the entire project.
BEES has the capability of segregating estimates by structure, alternative designs, etc. BEES
segregation is performed by the District. BEES is a sub-system of the Project Information
System and Analysis (PISA) and utilizes the information contained in the Project Management
Control System (PMCS) and the Standardized Item List. The estimate data is available for bid
opening purposes and for contract progress payments.

Revised Estimates
When any changes such as quantity, cost, or scope of work are made it is the responsibility of
the Design Branch Leader and Project Engineer to advise all interested parties as successive
estimates are made during the development of a project.

ESTIMATING 11-1
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Quantity Calculations
Quantity calculations are to be submitted to the Bridge Cost Estimates Branch along with
the Estimate Summary sheets. Calculations for Marginal “Blue Sheet” Estimates are
retained in Cost Estimates Branch until the contract is awarded, at which time they are
forwarded to the Resident Engineer’s Pending File for the Structure Representative’s use
during the course of construction.

Escalation Factor
Structure estimates are prepared on the basis of prices which are valid on the day the
estimate is made. As part of their procedure in developing their planning program, the
Districts periodically apply an escalation factor according to the cost index to these estimates
as necessary to cover inflation.

Mobilization Factor
Structure estimates generally include an item for mobilization. The value of this item is
estimated at 10% of the total cost of bid items. If a particular kind or size of a project does
not require a separate item for mobilization, the unit price for one or more of the major
items of work will be inflated to cover the contractors cost for mobilization.

Contingency Factors
A contingency factor is added to all estimates to cover the costs of unforeseen design
changes and the uncertainty of early quantity estimates. Contingency factors are shown
below:
Planning Estimates 25% Contingency
General Plan Estimates 20% Contingency
Marginal Estimate – Final PS&E 5% Contingency

Stage Construction
It is sometimes necessary to build a bridge in stages. The most common case is replacing
a bridge on existing alignment. This will increase the cost about 25% and the construction
time about 75%. The plans must show the width of each stage and indicate how traffic is
to be handled during each stage of construction.

11-2 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Traffic Control
This item of work is defined and estimated by the Districts. However, it is important that the
bridge designer understands how traffic will affect the work and relay this information to Cost
Estimates either verbally or by notes on the plans or estimate. At the Plans and Quanties (P&Q)
stage of project delivery, all traffic considerations shall be included in the memo to specifications
engineer/estimator. Usual situations are “Work 9 AM – 3 PM only” or “All work at night or on
weekends.” This and other items concerning work in traffic should be discussed with the District
Project Engineer at an early stage. More expensive types of work that can be done quickly
without traffic control may be justified by the savings in traffic control costs. Design shall submit
lane closure charts when available to cost estimates.

Working Days
The Cost Estimates Branch determines the number of working days necessary to construct the
bridge portion of the contract work for PS&E. Design shall submit information regarding
restrictions and constraints to cost estimates. At the District’s request, working days will be
provided for Advanced Planning and General Plan stages.

Historical Cost Record

This form is to be used by the Project Engineer to maintain a cost record for all structures in the
design phase. It is designed for multi-structure projects, but can also be used for individual
structures. The Project Engineer is usually the only one familiar with the reason for revisions and
related cost changes. Explain these on the back of the form. A copy of the Historical Cost
Record form (DS-D-0001) available on the Cost Estimates Branch website:
http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/estimates/

Design Branch Leaders are responsible for assuring that the cost record and the Status agree.
Cost changes that are a result of price changes made by Cost Estimates are also to be recorded.

ESTIMATING 11-3
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Planning Estimates (Advance Planning Studies)

These preliminary estimates are usually based on District geometrics and are used to determine
the overall project cost for budgeting purposes. Design prepares a drawing of the structure,
called an “Advanced Planning Study”, which shows all significant details that would affect the
cost (See Memo to Designers 1-8). Design shall then submit a completed advance planning
study and general plan estimate checklist for each planning estimate.
For usual or normal types of new bridge structures, the Cost Estimates Branch will determine
the quantities using their file of square meter factors.
For unusual structures such as retaining walls, seismic retrofits, barrier replacements, sliver
widenings of less than five meters in width, deck rehabilitations, or in cases where a close
comparison of costs of several different types of structures are required, the designer computes
preliminary quantities using any of the aids found in this chapter and submits them along with a
completed Bridge Planning Estimate form (DS - D - 0016) and Structure plan sheet to the Cost
Estimate.
Current Planning Estimate forms may be downloaded from the Cost Estimates Branch website:
http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/estimates/

General Plan Estimates

The District develops the precise alignment and submits the bridge site data to Preliminary
Investigations. The bridge site data is incorporated into the Preliminary Report which is ultimately
forwarded to Bridge Design. Bridge Design chooses the most feasible and usually the most
economical type of structure to fit the conditions described in the Preliminary Report and then
develops a General Plan. The structure depicted in the General Plan may be different from the
structure used for the Planning Estimate.
From the General Plan an estimate of cost is determined by the Cost Estimates Branch from
quantities calculated by Bridge Design.
The preparation of quantities for General Plan Estimates requires a rapid but close approximation
of the final quantities for the job. All items which are a part of the cost of the bridge should be
included in the estimate.
In preparing the quantities, the quantity estimator utilizes the graphs and tables prepared for this
purpose, similar jobs, or computations based on dimensions from the preliminary design.
Current General Plan Estimate forms may be downloaded from the Cost Estimates Branch
website:
http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/estimates/

11-4 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Bar Reinforcement /m3 of Concrete for Various Bridge Parts

The following are approximate quantities of Bar Reinforcement per cubic meter of concrete.
Use for Planning and General Plan Estimates only.
Deck slab on prestressed or steel girders ................................................................... 134 kg/m³
Bent Caps ...................................................................................................................... 90 kg/m³
Single column bents ..................................................................... 268 kg/m³ (170-324 variation)
Multiple column bents .................................................................... 134 kg/m³ (57-208 variation)
Piers and walls of simulated closed end abutments ...................................................... 48 kg/m³
Footings ................................................................................................................... 90-119 kg/m³
End diaphragm abutments ............................................................................................. 48 kg/m³
Cantilever and strutted abutments ........................................................................ Design Charts
Retaining walls .........................................................................................................Page 11- 49
Seat Type Abutments Skews < 15° ........................................................................ 54 kg/m³
Skews 15° to 45° ............................................................................................. 60 - 83 kg/m³
Bar Reinforcement/m² of Deck Area
Cast-In-Place Reinforced Slab ...................................................................................... 64 kg/m2

Note: See “Sources of Quantities for Standard Details” shown in SECTION 11.

ESTIMATING 11-5
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Type 1 Retaining Wall Excavation and Backfill Quantities

Per linear meter in m³
Use for Planning and General Plan Estimates only

Level 1 1 /2 : 1 2:1
H Height Height Height
Excav Backfill Excav Backfill Excav Backfill
at Face at Face at Face
3 3 3 3
mm mm m /m m /m mm m /m m /m mm m3/m m3/m
1200 1000 1.60 0.84 1500 2.43 1.17 1200 2.05 1.09
1800 1000 1.90 1.56 1500 2.98 2.04 1200 2.50 1.92
2400 1000 2.20 2.51 1500 3.55 3.16 1300 3.11 3.00
3000 1000 2.50 3.68 1600 4.31 4.53 140 3.78 4.32
3600 1000 2.80 4.98 1700 5.14 6.06 1500 4.51 5.79
4200 1100 3.30 6.34 1800 5.93 7.61 1600 5.23 7.29
4800 1100 3.63 8.15 1900 6.89 9.69 1700 6.07 9.31
5500 1200 4.19 10.37 2000 7.91 12.21 1800 6.98 11.75
6100 1200 4.53 12.65 2100 8.99 14.82 1900 7.94 14.28
6700 1300 5.29 15.36 2200 10.42 17.97 2000 9.21 17.32
7300 1400 6.10 17.73 2300 11.80 20.73 2100 10.45 19.98
7900 1500 6.99 20.05 2400 13.28 23.46 2200 11.79 22.61
8500 1600 7.94 22.84 2500 14.85 26.69 2300 13.21 25.73
9100 1700 9.20 26.60 2600 17.27 31.29 2400 15.34 30.12
9700 1800 10.74 30.43 2700 20.03 36.03 2500 17.81 34.63
10300 1900 11.91 33.77 2900 22.37 39.93 2600 19.54 38.39
10900 2000 13.14 37.28 3000 24.39 44.03 2700 21.35 42.34

300 1
300 r 2:
:1 o
1 /2
1
Height
Level
Height at at face
face of of wall
1
r 2:
wall
1/2
:1 o
1

Level 600

600 600
300 300 300 300

Excavation Backfill Excavation Backfill

11-6 ESTIMATING
 Preliminary Quantity Survey
Girders, Deck and Disphragms Only
( Calculate cap quantity separately )

0.65

0.60 Note:
Bent caps and Hinges are not 2.25 m
included in these quantities
Stem width = 355 mm
0.55 Girder Spacing = 2.0 m to 2.5 m
2.00 m

0.50

1.75 m
0.45 W
D
1.50 m
0.40

m3 per m2 of Deck
1.25m

0.35 1.00 m Depth

Use for Planning and
General Plan Estimates only
0.30
D= Bridge
W= "Deck width

0.25
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Span Length – meters

ESTIMATING
Continuous Tee-Beam Superstructure Concrete

11-7
BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005
11-8
Preliminary Quantity Survey
Girders, Deck and Diaphragms Only
( Calculate cap quantity separately )

ESTIMATING
0.60

0.58 2.25 m
Note: Low Skew
Bent caps and Hinges are not
0.56 included in these quantities
Stem width = 200 mm 2.00 m
0.54 Girder Spacing = 2.0 m to 2.5 m 1.75 m

0.52
1.50 m
W
0.50 D

0.48
1.25m

m3 per m2 of Deck
0.46

1.00 m Depth
0.44
Use for Planning and
General Plan Estimates only
0.42 D= Bridge
W= Deck width

0.40
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Span Length – meters

Continuous Reinforced Box Girder Superstructure Concrete

BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005
 0.85

0.80

0.75 Note:
Use for Low Skew Structures,
0.70 d/s = 0.035-0.045

0.65

0.60
Simple Span

m3 per m2 of Deck
0.55
Use for Planning and
0.50 General Plan Estimates only

0.45 Continuous

0.40
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Span Length – meters

ESTIMATING
CIP / PS Box Girder Superstructure Concrete

11-9
BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005
11-10
Preliminary Quantity Survey
Girders, Deck and Diaphragms Only
( Calculate cap quantity separately )

200

ESTIMATING
190 Note:
Stem width = 355 mm
Girder spacing = 2.0 to 2.5 m
1.00 m Depth
180
D/
S=
D/
S = 0.06
7
1.25 m Depth
170 0.0
D/ 71
S=
0.0
D/S
74 1.50 m Depth
=0
160 .08
0 1.75 m Depth

2.00 m Depth
150

Use for Planning and

140
General Plan Estimates only

Kgs of Bar Reinforcing /m3 of Concrete

130
10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35

Span Length – meters

Tee Beam Superstructure Bar Reinforcing

BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005
 Preliminary Quantity Survey
240

1.50 m Depth 1.75 m Depth

230 1.25 m Depth
2.00 m Depth
D/S =
1.00 m Depth 0.0 50
220
D/S =
0.053

210
D/S = 0.055

200 D/S = 0.057

D/S = 0.059
190 Note:
Use for Planning and Stem width = 355 mm

Kgs of Bar Reinforcing /m3 of Concrete

General Plan Estimates only Girder spacing = 2.0 to 2.5 m
180
15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35 37.5 40 42.5

Span Length – meters

Conventionally Reinforced Box Girder Superstructure Bar Reinforcing

ESTIMATING
11-11
BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005
11-12
Preliminary Quantity Survey

ESTIMATING
140

Note:
Apply to Normal and Low skew structure
130
Barrier Railing quantities not included

120
D/S = 0.035 - 0.045

110

100
Use for Planning and

Kgs Of Bar Reinforcing /m3 Of Concrete

General Plan Estimates only

90
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Span Length – meters

CIP / PS Box Girder Superstructure Bar Reinforcing

BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

CIP Prestressed Box Girder Prestressing Steel

40

Simple Span Box Girder

35
d/s= .035 to .050
f 's = 1860 MPa

30 Pa
M
=42
Prestressing Steel - Kilograms per square meter (deck area)

f'c

25
Pa
5M
=3
20 f'c = 28MPa f'c

15
5
= 0.03
d/s
0
10 0 .04
d/s =

50
= 0.0
5 d/s
Note: Use for planning and
general plan estimates only.

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Span Length – meters

ESTIMATING 11-13
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

CIP Prestressed Box Girder Prestressing Steel

50

' L L

45
2 Span Box Girder
w/ equal spans
d/s= .030 to .050
40
u= 0.15 f 's = 1860 MPa

35
2MPa
Prestressing Steel - Kilograms per square meter (deck area)

f 'c =4

30
5MPa
f 'c =3 f'c = 28MPa
25

.0 30
20
s =0
d/
35
15 0.0
s=
d/

.0 40
10
=0
d/
s 50
0.0
.0 45 s=
=0 d/
5 s
d/
Note: Use for planning and
general plan estimates only.
0

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Span Length – meters

11-14 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

CIP Prestressed Box Girder Prestressing Steel

45

3 /4 L L 3 /4 L

40
3 Span Box Girder
w/ 3 /4 L end spans
d/s= .030 to .050
35
Prestressing Steel - Kilograms per square meter (deck area)

u= 0.15 f's =1860 MPa

30 f'c =42MPa

25

Pa
f 'c =35M
20

15 0.030
d/s =
.0 35
s =0
10 d/

.0 40
s =0 50
d/ .0
5 =0
d/s
Note: Use for planning and
general plan estimates only.

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Span Length – meters

ESTIMATING 11-15
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

CIP Prestressed Box Girder Prestressing Steel

50

L L L

45
3 Span Box Girder
w/ equal spans
d/s= .030 to .050
40 u= 0.15 f ' s =1860 MPa
Prestressing Steel - Kilograms per square meter (deck area)

35
f'c = 42MPa

30

f'c = 35MPa

25

30
= 0.0 f'c = 28MPa
20 d/s

15 35
.0
s =0
d/ 0
0 .04 .050
10 s= =0
d/ d/s
5
0 .04
5 d/ s=
Note: Use for planning and
general plan estimates only.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Span Length – meters

11-16 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

CIP Prestressed Box Girder Prestressing Steel

50

3 /4 L L L 3 /4 L

45

4 Span Box Girder

w/ 3 /4 L end spans
40 d/s= .030 to .050
u= 0.15 f's =1860 MPa
Prestressing Steel - Kilograms per square meter (deck area)

35 f'c = 35MPa

f'c = 28MPa
30

25
30
0.0

20
s=
d/

15
5
0 .03
d/s =
10 0
0 .04 50
d /s = 0.0
s=
5 d/
5
0 .04
d/s= Note: Use for planning and
general plan estimates only.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Span Length – meters

ESTIMATING 11-17
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

CIP Prestressed Box Girder Prestressing Steel

50
L L L L

45
4 Span Box Girder
w/ equal spans
d/s= .030 to .050
40 u= 0.15 f's =1860 MPa
Prestressing Steel - Kilograms per square meter (deck area)

35

f'c = 35MPa
30

25
30
0.0
s=
d/

20 f'c = 28MPa

15
.0 35
s =0 50
d/ 0.0
40
10 .0 s=
=0 d/
d/s

.0 45
5 =0 Note: Use for planning and
d/s general plan estimates only.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Span Length – meters

11-18 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Simple Span Composite Welded Steel Girder

300
W

275 D= Total Depth

2.3 M Girder spacing

250 D/S = 0.05 to 0.07
Girder Spacing = 2.3M to 3.2M

.05
225 Loading: HS 20-44 + 35 psf allowance
for future wearing surface.
Kilograms of Structural Steel per Square Foot (Deck Area)

Working stress design

Structural steel: f = 252 MPa
Reinf Steel: fs = 140 MPa

.05
200 Concrete: fc = 9 MPa

Optimum D/S ratio

175 3.2 M Girder spacing

nd ly
150
ning a ate on
P lan stim
for an E
Use eral Pl
.06

Gen
.06

125

.07
100 .07

Note:
75 Wts. of diaphragms, stiffeners, shear
connectors and wind bracing approximated.
Add 15% if Steel Bent Caps are used.

50
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

S = Span Length in Meters

ESTIMATING 11-19
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Deck PL Concrete Slab Slab Reinforcement

Thickness Thickness Lbs./C.Y. Concrete
12
Thru Type 1/2" 300
Deck Type 3/8" 6" 220
fs = 20,000 psi
Loading (Deck Type) E-50 thru E-72
10

ks
Note:

rac
2t

ks
Quantities are for all

rac
2-
structural steel including

Structural Steel In 100,000 lbs. (Total)

2t
E7
bearings but excluding

0-
8

E6
deck plates.
Use for all deck types
(steel, wood or concrete)

ck k
6
tra trac
-1

Thru Girders
2
E7
-1
0
E6

ck
ra
rt 4
- pe
e rs
rd
Gi
c k PLL .
De nd nly
ing a ates o
ann tim 2
for Pl lan Es
Use eral P
Gen

beams-per
Deck rolled beams - pertrack
track
0
25 50 75 100 125 150 175
Span Length – Feet

Railroad Bridge Superstructure

(Structural Steel)

11-20 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Marginal Estimates
The Marginal Estimate differs from the Advanced Planning and General Plan Estimates in that
it is based on quantity calculations prepared from checked design plans. This marginal estimate
is done at P&Q stage. Marginal Estimates for bridge items are segregated as follows:

Superstructure Substructure Other Elements

Concrete Concrete Bridge Removal Items
Bar Reinforcing Bar Reinforcing Retaining Wall Items
Structural Steel Excavation Slope Paving
Joint Seals/Assemblies Backfill Approach Slab Items
Deck Seals Seal Course Drill and Bond Dowel
Prestressing Steel Piling
Misc. Metal (Restrainer) Architectural Treatment
Railings and Barriers Closure Wall
Architectural Treatment Drill and Bond Dowel
PC Girders/Slabs
PTFE Bearings
Asphalt Concrete
Deck Drainage Systems
Drill and Bond Dowel

A Marginal Estimate Form should be filled out for each structure, retaining wall, or sound wall
with separate bridge number. Whenever there are identical parallel structures or where more
than one structure is shown on a General Plan, only one Marginal Estimate Form should be filled
out.

Quantity Take-Off Procedures

First, determine the limits of each concrete type and the division between superstructure and
substructure.
Divide the work into logical units such as footings, columns, etc. Be liberal with descriptions
which will identify each unit. Use sketches where necessary for clarity.
If there is doubt whether or not to list an item, list it with a brief explanation. The Specifications
Engineer will decide how it should be handled.
Two persons, or groups, will be assigned to independantly calculate quantities for the same
structure. They should collaborate to the extent of setting up the same division of units for each

ESTIMATING 11-21
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

item. When calculations are complete, the two shall compare results and make necessary
corrections according to the following percent error allowance:

Barrier, piles, precast units, or any item paid as EACH ............. Zero % (Exact)
Concrete, bar reinforcing steel, and structural steel quantities ....................... 3%
All others ........................................................................................................ 5%
The close review of the plans required in the process of quantity take-off frequently results in the
discovery of errors or omissions. These must be brought to the designer's attention.

Bar Reinforcing Steel Example

Use form DS-D-0110, “Reinforcing Steel Quantities,” for tabulating reinforcing steel.
Note: For bar reinforcing steel, each individual bar size subtotal must be within
3% agreement between estimator and checker’s quantity calculations.

STATE OF CALIFORNIA • DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

REINFORCING STEEL QUANTITIES
DS-D-00110 (REV. 5/93) Page ______ of ______

PROJECT BRIDGE NAME DATE

ITEM SIZE NO. LENGTH TOTAL LENGTH - EACH SIZE

#13 #16 #19 #22 #25 #29 #32 #36 #43 #57
A 100 1.77 177
B 2 45.0 90
C 100 0.79 7.9

Tot. lengths

Weight per meter 0.994 1.552 2.235 3.042 3.973 5.06 6.404 7.907 11.38 20.24

Tot. weight per size

11-22 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

For the more complicated structures or portions of structures, it is suggested that the estimator
and checker code (by number or letter) the reinforcing bars on the estimating prints prior to
quantity take-off. This will facilitate final checking of quantities and reduce the possibility of
omissions. An example is as follows:

Slab reinf Slab reinf

Girder reinf

A #13 @ 460mm

B #16 cont tot 2

C #13 @ 460mm

Lump Sum Items

Backup quantities are to be submitted for items paid for as “Lump Sum.” Quantities for the item
“Bridge Removal” should be calculated either in cubic meters or square meter of bridge deck
area. Other Lump Sum items should include a breakdown of quantity of all work involved in the
item.

Fully Compensated Items

A fully compensated item, or fully compensated labor and materials, indicates that payment is
included in another item of work, and will be defined in the pay clause for that particular item.
Fully compensated work is agreed upon by the Specification Engineer and the Structures Estimator,
and does not preclude the quantitites for the fully compensated work from being provided in the
quantity calculations.
Example:
The item Minor Concrete (Minor Structure) might include payment for Structure
Excavation, Structure Backfill, and Drill and Bond Dowel. In which case, the quantities
for each item should be calculated and provided on the Marginal Estimate, as to facilitate
the sum of all costs into one “fully compensated” unit price.

ESTIMATING 11-23
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Structure Type Coding

The following coding is to be entered in the “Type” block on the Marginal Estimate summary
forms. (See Appendix)

The first character in the field identifies the major material used or the construction method:
C – Concrete
S – Steel
T – Timber
M – Masonry
P – P/S, P/C
I – P/S, CIP

The second and third characters describe the physical configuration of the main span:
BG – Box Girder IG – “I” girder
SL – Slab IU – Inverted U
SS – Seal Slab UG – “U” girder
DU – Deck Units WG – Welded girder
TG – “T” girder RB – Rolled beam
DT – Double T TD – Truss deck
IT – Inverted T TC – Truss Cantilever
BU – Bulb T
TB – Truss Bascule BW – Bin wall
TL – Truss lift PA – Pipe, arch
SU – Suspension P1 – Single pipe
AR – Arch P2 – Double pipe
LS – Log stringer B1 – Single box
The second and third characters (continued)
T1 – Type 1 wall B2 – Double box
T2 – Type 2 wall B3 – Triple box
T3 – Type 3 wall B4 – Quadruple box
T4 – Type 4 wall B5 – Quintuple box
T5 – Type 5 wall XX – None of the above

11-24 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

The fourth character indicates the function of the structure:

A – Undercrossing M – Equestrian undercrossing
B – Overcrossing N – Cattle pass undercrossing
C – Separation O – Culvert undercrossing
D – Underpass P – Pedestrian bridge
E – Overhead Q – Pedestrian overcrossing
F – Bridge R – Equestrian overcrossing
G – Bridge and Overhead S – Pipeline overcrossing
H – Viaduct T – Pump house
I – Sidehill Viaduct U – Culvert
J – Double deck viaduct W – Retaining wall
K – Tunnel X – Sound wall
L – Pedestrian undercrossing Z – None of the above

The fifth character identifies the nature of construction:

N – New Q – Earthquake Retrofit
W – Widening R – Raising Bridge
E – Extension U – Rail Replacement (Upgrade Rail)
M – Modification F – Repair/Rehab

ESTIMATING 11-25
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Concrete Type Limits and Division between

Superstructure and Substructure

Cantilever Retaining wall

type wingwall type wingwall

Wingwalls and Diaphragm Type Abutments

Cantilever Strutted Rigid Frame

Abutment Abutment Abutment

Bottom of girder

Bent or Pier Bin Type Abutment Seat Type Abutment

Notes: Superstructure Structural Concrete,

1. For retaining walls that are not classified as Bridge
wingwalls see sheet_ _. Bent Caps, Top
Substructure
Slabs, and Diaphragms for Precast Girder Structural Concrete,
Bridges are paid as Structural Concrete, Bridge. Bridge Footing
2. For pile extensions see sheets_ _.

11-26 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Quantity Calculations and Summary Sheets

Quantity calculations are to be clearly legible and easy to follow, including sketches and location
references. They should be titled properly, identifying the estimator and the checker, the structure
name and bridge number, and the date the calculations were performed.
Calculated quantities are to be summarized on Official State forms. The following is a list of
forms available.
Form Number Form Name
DS-D-0015 Pile Summary
DS-D-0016 Bridge General Plan Estimate or Planning Estimate
DS-D-0017 Miscellaneous General Plan Estimate or Planning Estimate
DS-D-0019 Structural Quantity and Marginal Estimate
DS-D-0019A Marginal Estimate - Miscellaneous Structure Other Than Bridge
DS-D-0019B Marginal Estimate - Miscellaneous Structure Other Than Bridge
(EQ Retrofit)
DS-D-0019SUP Marginal Estimate - Miscellaneous Structure Other Than Bridge
DS-D-0022 Summary - Structure Excavation and Structure Backfill
DS-D-0050 Concrete Summary
DS-D-0067 Bar Reinforcing Summary
DS-D-0100 Pile Quantity Calculations
DS-D-0110 Reinforcing Steel Quantities
DS-D-0153 Sound Wall Summary
DS-D-0154 Summary – Miscellaneous Metal – Bridge and Restrainer
DS-D-0000 Advance Planning Study & General Plan Estimate Checklist
Notes:
1. Obtain a current copy from the Cost Estimates website.
2. Do not fill out the “USE” column on the Marginal Estimate Sheet. This is for the cost
estimator to determine. The cost estimator does any necessary rounding to the quantities per
the Ready-to-List and Contract Award Guide (RTL Guide).

ESTIMATING 11-27
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Quantity Summaries Transmitted to Resident Engineer’s Pending File,

After Bid Acceptance
The following forms are available for summarizing certain items for each structure, which are
used in making progress pay estimates. Therefore, the breakdown should be subtotals as they
would be constructed, and are submitted with the Marginal Estimate to the Cost Estimates
Branch, who will forward them to the R.E. Pending File.

• SUMMARY-STRUCTURE EXCAVATION AND STRUCTURE BACKFILL

DS - D0022

• PILE SUMMARY
DS - D0015

• CONCRETE SUMMARY
DS - D0050

• BAR REINFORCING SUMMARY

DS - D0067

• SUMMARY - MISCELLANEOUS METAL - BRIDGE AND RESTRAINER

DS - D0154

11-28 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Type 5 Retaining Wall Quantities

TYPE 5 RETAINING WALL - QUANTITIES ON SPREAD FOOTING

DESIGN H CONCRETE REBAR

(m3/m) (kg/m)
1200 1.02 40
1800 1.31 50
2400 1.77 74
3000 2.31 100
3600 3.37 127

TYPE 5 RETAINING WALL - QUANTITIES ON PILE FOOTING

CONCRETE REBAR
DESIGN H
(m3/m) (kg/m)
1200 1.17 63
1800 1.35 73
2400 1.84 103
3000 2.41 126
3600 3.41 151

Note: Use for Advanced Plan and General Plan studies only.

ESTIMATING 11-29
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Type 1 Retaining Wall Quantities

CONCRETE AND REBAR QUANTITIES PER LENGTH OF WALL FOR TYPE 1

RETAINING WALL ON 400 kN FOOTING
DESIGN H CONCRETE REBAR
(m) (m3/m) (kg/m)
1.2 0.96 61
1.8 1.32 74
2.4 1.69 86
3.0 2.08 132
3.6 2.49 166
4.2 3.01 212
4.8 3.44 257
5.5 3.97 329
6.1 4.45 404
6.7 5.15 527
7.3 6.19 598
7.9 7.57 731
8.5 8.73 890
9.1 10.56 984
9.7 12.94 1109
10.3 14.52 1181
10.9 16.19 1374

Note: Use for Advanced Plan and General Plan studies only.

11-30 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

CONCRETE AND REBAR QUANTITIES PER LENGTH OF WALL FOR TYPE 1

RETAINING WALL ON SPREAD FOOTING
DESIGN H CONCRETE REBAR
(m) (m3/m) (kg/m)
1.2 0.96 39
1.8 1.30 51
2.4 1.65 61
3.0 2.02 79
3.6 2.50 113
4.2 3.00 157
4.8 3.43 201
5.5 3.92 281
6.1 4.38 355
6.7 5.05 477
7.3 6.07 558
7.9 7.42 690
8.5 8.56 848
9.1 10.35 940
9.7 12.70 1062
10.3 14.26 1132
10.9 15.91 1326

Note: Use for Advanced Plan and General Plan studies only.

ESTIMATING 11-31
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

WINGWALL FOR DIAPHRAGM ABUTMENT

4.5

4
m .1m
5.5 = 6

m
m
4.3

4.9
3.5 s=

3.7
s CL Abut.
“S”

s=
s=
s=
3
"Y" [M]

2.5 1m

2
“Y”
1.5

0.5

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

M ³ OF CONCRETE

WINGWALL FOR DIAPHRAGM ABUTMENT (REBAR)

3.6

3.4 CL Abut.
“S”
s = 3.7m

m
s = 4.3m

.5m

m
s = 4.9
"Y" [M]

6.1
s=5

3.2
s=

3 1m
225

2.8
5

225

225

25
#16 @ 22

@2
#22 @

“Y”
#19 @

2.6
#25

#29

2.4

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00

Kg of Reinforcement

Note: See Standard Plan B0-1

11-32 ESTIMATING
 Precast Prestressed Concrete Slab Quantities

915 mm 1220 mm
Width Girder No. 13 Mass 13 Mass of Vol of Width Girder No. 13 Mass 13 Mass of Vol of
Typical Length Pf mm Strand Bar Reinf Conc Typical Length Pf mm Strand Bar Reinf Conc
Sections mm Kn Strands Kg Kg m3 Sections mm Kn Strands Kg Kg m3

.91m 1.22m
6096 917 3353 52.16 196.86 1.60 6096 1224 4267 66.23 265.36 2.16
.3m .3m
6401 1006 3658 59.88 204.57 1.68 6401 1339 4572 74.84 275.34 2.27
SI .91 SI 1.22

6706 659 2438 41.73 185.52 1.90 6706 863 3048 52.16 249.48 2.52
7010 721 2743 48.99 190.97 1.98 7010 935 3353 59.88 256.74 2.64
7315 783 2743 51.26 196.41 2.06 7315 1032 3658 68.04 264.00 2.75
.91m
7620 846 3048 59.42 201.85 2.16 1.22m
7620 1117 3658 71.22 271.71 2.87
.38m
7925 912 3353 67.59 207.30 2.24 7925 1202 3962 79.83 278.96 2.98
7" .38m 7"
8230 975 3353 70.31 212.74 2.32 8230 1286 4267 89.36 286.22 3.10
SII .91 SII 1.22
8534 1041 3658 79.38 218.18 2.41 8534 1375 4572 99.34 293.48 3.21
8839 1113 3962 89.36 223.62 2.49 8839 1464 4877 109.77 301.19 3.33
9144 1175 4267 99.34 229.07 2.58 9144 1553 5182 120.66 308.45 3.44
9449 1250 4572 110.22 234.51 2.67 9449 1647 5486 132.00 314.34 3.55
9754 1317 4572 113.40 239.95 2.75 9754 1740 6096 151.50 322.96 3.66
10058 1010 3353 86.18 258.10 3.20 10058 1335 4572 117.03 347.91 4.23
10363 1068 3658 96.62 264.00 3.30 10363 1397 4877 128.82 355.62 4.36
10668 1121 3658 99.34 269.44 3.39 10668 1473 4877 132.45 363.33 4.48
.91m 10973 1188 3962 110.68 275.34 3.49 1.22m 10973 1553 5182 144.70 371.04 4.61
.46m 9" .46m
11278 1250 4267 122.47 281.23 3.59 9" 11278 1633 5486 157.40 378.76 4.73
SII .91 11582 1308 4267 126.10 286.68 3.69 SII 1.22 11582 1713 5791 171.01 386.47 4.86
11887 1384 4572 138.35 292.57 3.78 11887 1811 6096 184.62 394.18 4.99
12192 1464 4877 151.50 298.02 3.88 12192 1918 6401 198.68 401.89 5.12
12497 1544 5182 165.11 303.91 3.98 12497 2020 6706 213.19 409.60 5.24

ESTIMATING
12802 1215 3962 129.28 319.79 4.14 12802 1633 5486 178.72 430.92 5.70
13106 1282 4267 142.43 325.68 4.24 13106 1718 5791 193.23 439.08 5.83
.91m 13411 1344 4572 156.04 332.04 4.34 1.22m 13411 1807 6096 208.20 447.25 5.97
13716 1415 4877 170.55 337.93 4.43 13716 1896 6401 223.62 455.41 6.10
.46m 12" .53m 12" 9"
14021 1477 4877 174.18 343.83 4.53 14021 1985 6706 239.50 463.13 6.24
SIV .91 SIV 1.22
14326 1540 5182 189.15 349.73 4.63 14326 2069 7010 255.83 471.29 6.38
14630 1606 5483 204.57 355.62 4.73 14630 2172 7315 272.61 479.46 6.51

11-33
BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005
11-34
Precast Prestressed Concrete Slab Quantities (cont.)

915 mm 1220 mm
Width Girder No. 13 Mass 13 Mass of Vol of Width Girder No. 13 Mass 13 Mass of Vol of
Typical Length Pf mm Strand Bar Reinf Conc Typical Length Pf mm Strand Bar Reinf Conc
Sections mm Kn Strands Kg Kg m3 Sections mm Kn Strands Kg Kg m3

ESTIMATING
9144 1291 4267 100.25 193.23 2.51 9144 1335 4267 99.79 196.86 2.85
9449 1357 4267 103.42 198.68 2.59 9449 1415 4267 103.42 202.31 2.94
2.44m 9754 1428 4267 106.60 204.12 2.68 2.44m 9754 1495 4267 106.60 207.75 3.04
D
10058 1504 4267 110.22 209.56 2.76 D
10058 1571 4877 125.65 213.19 3.13
Girder Depth 10363 1575 4877 129.73 215.01 2.84 Girder Depth 10363 1651 4877 129.73 218.64 3.23
D = .46m
10668 1647 4877 133.36 220.45 2.93 D = .46m
10668 1727 4877 133.36 224.08 3.33
10973 1638 4877 136.99 225.89 3.01 10973 1807 5486 154.22 229.52 3.43
11278 1789 5486 158.76 231.34 3.10 11278 1882 5486 158.76 234.96 3.52
10668 1117 3658 99.79 238.59 3.36 10668 1193 3658 100.25 241.32 3.95
10973 1193 3658 102.51 244.49 3.46 10973 1273 3658 102.97 247.21 4.06
11278 1268 3658 105.69 250.39 3.56 11278 1353 4267 123.38 253.11 4.17
11582 1348 4267 126.55 256.28 3.66 11582 1415 4267 126.55 259.01 4.29
11887 1424 4267 129.73 262.18 3.75 11887 1495 4267 130.18 264.90 4.40
12192 1504 4267 133.36 268.08 3.85 12192 1580 4877 152.41 270.80 4.52
12497 1580 4877 156.04 273.97 3.95 12497 1664 4877 156.04 276.70 4.63
D = .61m 12802 1660 4877 160.12 279.87 4.04 D = .61m 12802 1749 5486 180.08 282.59 4.75
13106 1736 5486 184.16 285.77 4.14 13106 1833 5486 184.16 288.49 4.86
13411 1816 5486 18824 291.66 4.24 134.11 1918 5486 188.70 294.39 4.98
13716 1891 5486 192.78 297.56 4.34 13716 2003 6096 214.55 300.28 5.09
13411 1313 4267 146.51 317.52 5.04 13411 1375 4267 146.97 320.24 5.87
13716 1380 4267 149.69 323.87 5.15 13716 1446 4267 150.14 326.59 6.01
14021 1566 4267 153.32 330.22 5.27 140.21 1517 4877 166.92 332.94 6.15
14326 1513 4267 156.49 336.57 5.38 14326 1589 4877 179.17 339.29 6.29
14630 1580 4877 182.80 342.92 5.50 14630 1660 4877 182.80 345.64 6.42
14935 1647 4877 186.43 349.27 5.62 149.35 1731 5486 210.02 351.99 6.55
15240 1713 4877 190.51 355.62 5.73 15240 1802 5486 214.55 358.34 6.69
15545 1780 5486 218.64 361.97 5.85 15545 1873 5486 218.64 364.69 6.82
15850 1847 5486 222.72 368.32 5.96 15850 1945 6096 247.67 371.04 6.96
16154 1914 5486 227.25 374.67 6.08 16154 2016 6096 252.66 377.40 7.09
16459 1980 6096 257.19 381.02 6.19 16459 2087 6096 257.19 383.75 7.23
D = .81m 16764 2047 60.96 261.73 387.37 6.32 D = .81m 16764 2158 6706 288.04 390.10 7.36
17069 2114 6096 266.72 393.72 6.44 17069 2229 6706 293.48 396.45 7.50
17374 2181 6706 298.47 400.08 6.54 17374 2301 6706 298.47 402.80 7.62
17678 2247 6706 303.91 406.43 6.66 17678 2372 7315 331.58 409.15 7.77
17983 2314 6706 308.90 412.78 6.77 17983 2443 7315 337.02 415.50 7.89
18288 2381 7315 342.92 419.13 6.89 18288 2514 7315 342.92 421.85 8.04
18593 2448 7315 348.82 425.48 7.00 18593 2585 7925 377.85 428.20 8.16
18898 2514 7315 354.26 431.83 7.12 18898 2657 7925 383.75 434.55 8.30
19202 2581 7925 390.10 438.18 7.23 19202 2728 7925 390.10 440.90 8.43
BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Sources of Quantities for Standard Details

SP = Standard Plans BDD = Bridge Design Details BDA = Bridge Design Aids

Concrete and Reinforcing:

Retaining Wall. Type 1 SP B3-1 and B3-2
Cantilever Abutments BDD Section 6
Strutted Abutments BDD Section 20
Cantilever Wingwalls BDD Section 20
Standard Slab Bridges BDA Section 4

Steel:
Reinforcing Bar Weights BDA 11-37
Piling Patterns – Retaining Walls BDD Section 6
Piling Patterns – Cantilever Abutment BDD Section 6
Railroad Track, Ballast, etc. BDD Section 12

Commonly Used Quantities and Factors

Access Door to Cellular Abutment 0.6M × varies,, Standard Plan B0-13
Area Drain, Standard Plan B7, 5.5 kg
Asphalt Concrete 2,385 kg per M³
Batter Factors:
1:3 = 1.0541 1:5 = 1.0198
1:4 = 1.0308 1:6 = 1.0138
Deck Drain Type C, 141 kg., Frame and Grate only
Deck Drain Type D-1, 66 kg.
Deck Drain Type D-2, 56 kg.
Deck Drain Type D-3, 59 kg.

ESTIMATING 11-35
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Deck Drain Type A, 8 kg., Grate only

Drain Pipe, 150 mm (3.4mm), 12.77 kg/M.
Epoxy Adhesive Bond Coat, 2L. per 1 M²
Equalizing Bolt @ Hinge – 20 kg., Miscellaneous Metal (Bridge) (1.2 M Hinge Width)
Galvanizing, add 3% to mass of metal
Hinge Assembly, Standard Slab 0.3 M Depth, 280 kg. per M
Ladder Rung, 3 kg. each (For MHs, catch basins, etc.)
Manhole Frame and Cover-Deck (Detail B7-11) 200 kg.
Manhole Frame and Cover Sidewalk (Detail B7-11) 110 kg.
Prestressing Steel – See Item Description
Reinforcing Steel Weights – See Appendix
Rock Base Material, RR Ballast, 1,940 kg. per M³
Slurry Leveling Course, 1 L. per 2.5 M²
Steel: 7,792 kg per M³
Aluminum: 2,730 Kg/M3

Earthquake Restrainers – Commonly Used Masses for Miscellaneous

Metal

Swage fitting w/stud, nut, and jam nut 2.8 KG each

PL 250 mm × 250 mm. 26 KG each
Cable Drum – Type C-1 17.7 KG each
25 mm. Nut 0.14 KG each
19 mm. Galvanized Strand 1.54 KG/M (1.49 Ungalvanized)
32 mm in. H.S. Rod 6.48 KG/M
25 mm. Stud 4.00 KG/M
PL 25 mm × 125 mm. 25.09 KG/M
Galvanizing and welds Add 3%

11-36 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Reinforcing Bar Data - Grade 420 (ACI 318-89)

Physical Properties Hook Dimensions
Standard Stirrups and Ties
Nominal
Bar Weight Area
Diameter 90O 180O "D" 90O 135O
Size (kg/m) (mm2) "D"
(mm)
"A" "J" "A" "A" "A"
10 0.560 9.5 71 60 150 80 125 40 105 105
13 0.994 12.7 129 80 200 105 150 50 115 115
16 1.552 15.9 199 95 250 130 175 65 155 140
19 2.235 19.1 284 115 300 155 200 115 305 205
22 3.042 22.2 387 135 375 180 250 135 355 230
25 3. 9 7 3 25.4 510 155 425 205 275 155 410 270
29 5.060 28.7 645 240 475 300 375 -- -- --
32 6.404 32.3 819 275 550 335 425 -- -- --
36 7.907 35.8 1006 305 600 375 475 -- -- --
43 11.38 43.0 1452 465 775 550 675 -- -- --
57 20.24 57.3 2581 610 1050 725 925 -- -- --

Estimate "A"

"D" "J" "D"

Estimate
"D

Estimate "A"
"

"A"
90 Standard /90 Stirrup and Tie 180 Standard 135 Tie Hook

ESTIMATING 11-37
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

This page has been left blank intentionally

11-38 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Item Descriptions and Limits and Methods of Payment

Listed by Section

Bar Reinforcing Steel .................................................................................................... 11-44

Bar Reinforcing Steel (Epoxy Coated) .............................................................................. 11-45
Bar Reinforcing Steel (Retaining Wall) ............................................................................. 11-46
Headed Bar Reinforcement ............................................................................................... 11-46

Concrete .......................................................................................................................... 11-46

Seal Course Concrete ........................................................................................................ 11-46
Structural Concrete, Approach Slab (Type N) .................................................................. 11-47
Structural Concrete, Approach Slab (Type EQ) ................................................................ 11-47
Structural Concrete, Approach Slab (Type R) ................................................................... 11-47
Structural Concrete, Bridge ................................................................................................ 11-48
Structural Concrete, Bridge Footing ................................................................................... 11-48
Minor Concrete .................................................................................................................. 11-48
Structural Concrete, Lightweight ........................................................................................ 11-48
Structural Concrete, Pier Column ...................................................................................... 11-48
Structural Concrete, Retaining Wall (Not Bridge Wingwall) ............................................. 11-49
Slope Paving ....................................................................................................................... 11-49

Deck Rehabilitation Items ............................................................................................ 11-49

Earthquake Restrainers, Retrofit and Repair ........................................................... 11-50

Drill and Bond Dowel ......................................................................................................... 11-51
Drill and Bond Dowel (Epoxy Cartridges) ......................................................................... 11-51
Hinge Hold Down (Temporary) ......................................................................................... 11-51
Temporary Support (Existing Superstructure) ................................................................... 11-52

Earthwork ........................................................................................................................ 11-52

Structure Backfill or Structure Backfill (Bridge) ............................................................... 11-52
Structure Backfill (Retaining Wall) .................................................................................... 11-52
Structure Excavation or Structure Excavation (Bridge) .................................................... 11-52
Structure Excavation (Type A) .......................................................................................... 11-53
Structure Excavation (Type D) .......................................................................................... 11-53
Structure Excavation (Retaining Wall) ............................................................................... 11-53
Structure Excavation (Pier Column) .................................................................................. 11-54
Pervious or Permeable Backfill Material ........................................................................... 11-54
Excavation and Backfill in Waterways .............................................................................. 11-55

ESTIMATING 11-39
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Joint Seals ........................................................................................................................ 11-56

Joint Seal (All Types) ......................................................................................................... 11-56
Joint Seal (Movement Rating 50 mm or Less) ................................................................... 11-56
Joint Seal Assembly (Movement Rating More than 50 mm) ............................................. 11-56

Metal ................................................................................................................................ 11-56

Miscellaneous Metal (Bridge) ............................................................................................ 11-56

Piling (Excluding CISS) ................................................................................................. 11-57

Furnish Piling ...................................................................................................................... 11-57
Drive Piles .......................................................................................................................... 11-57
Cast-in-Drilled-Hole (CIDH) Concrete Piling ................................................................... 11-57
Permanent Steel Casing ..................................................................................................... 11-57
Cast-in-Drilled-Hole Concrete Piling (Rock Socket) ......................................................... 11-58

Cast-in-Steel-Shell (CISS) Concrete Piling ............................................................... 11-58

Furnish Cast-in-Steel-Shell Concrete Piling ....................................................................... 11-58
Drive Cast-in-Steel-Shell Concrete Pile ............................................................................. 11-59

Non-Standard Piling ....................................................................................................... 11-59

Micropiles ........................................................................................................................... 11-59

Piling Illustrations .......................................................................................................... 11-60

Pile Extensions and Columns for Driven Piles ................................................................... 11-60
Pile Extensions and Columns for CIDH Concrete Piles .................................................... 11-61
CIDH Concrete Piling witn Permanent Steel Casing (or Shell) ........................................ 11-62
CIDH Concrete Piling with Permanent Steel Casing into Rock ........................................ 11-63
CISS Concrete Piling .......................................................................................................... 11-64

Pipes, Conduits, Drains ................................................................................................. 11-65

Bridge Deck Drainage System ........................................................................................... 11-65
Miscellaneous Pipes ........................................................................................................... 11-65
Sprinkler Control Conduit and Communications Conduit ................................................... 11-65
Supply Line Bridge ............................................................................................................. 11-65

Precast Girders ............................................................................................................... 11-66

Furnish Precast Concrete Girders ...................................................................................... 11-66
Erect Precast Concrete Girder ........................................................................................... 11-66

Prestressing Steel .......................................................................................................... 11-66

Prestressing Cast-in-Place Concrete ................................................................................. 11-66

11-40 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Railings and Barriers ..................................................................................................... 11-67

Concrete Barriers ............................................................................................................... 11-67
Metal Railings ..................................................................................................................... 11-67
Temporary Railing .............................................................................................................. 11-67

Structural Steel ............................................................................................................... 11-67

Furnish and Erect Structural Steel (Bridge) ....................................................................... 11-67
Clean and Paint (Structural Steel, Steel Piling, Sign Structure, etc...) ............................... 11-68

Walls ................................................................................................................................. 11-68

Closure Walls ..................................................................................................................... 11-68
Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls – MSE. .................................................................... 11-68
Sound Walls ........................................................................................................................ 11-69

Miscellaneous ................................................................................................................. 11-70

Architectural Treatment ..................................................................................................... 11-70
Asphalt Concrete ................................................................................................................ 11-70
Asphalt Membrane Waterproofing ..................................................................................... 11-70
Bridge Removal and Bridge Removal (Portion) ................................................................ 11-70
Column Casing – Steel ....................................................................................................... 11-71
Core Concrete .................................................................................................................... 11-71
Deck Seal ........................................................................................................................... 11-71
PTFE Bearings ................................................................................................................... 11-71
Remove Concrete .............................................................................................................. 11-71
Rock Slope Protection ........................................................................................................ 11-72
Soil Nail ............................................................................................................................... 11-72
Tieback Anchors ................................................................................................................ 11-72
Timber ................................................................................................................................ 11-72

ESTIMATING 11-41
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Alphabetical Listing of Items

Architectural Treatment ..................................................................................................... 11-70
Asphalt Concrete ................................................................................................................ 11-70
Asphalt Membrane Waterproofing ..................................................................................... 11-70
Bar Reinforcing Steel (Epoxy Coated) .............................................................................. 11-45
Bar Reinforcing Steel (Retaining Wall) ............................................................................. 11-46
Bridge Deck Drainage System ........................................................................................... 11-65
Bridge Removal and Bridge Removal (Portion) ................................................................ 11-70
Cast-in-Drilled Hole (CIDH) Concrete Piling .................................................................... 11-57
Cast-in-Drilled Hole (CIDH) Concrete Piling (Rock Socket) ........................................... 11-58
CIDH Concrete Piling with Permanent Steel Casing into Rock ........................................ 11-63
CIDH Concrete Piling with Permanent Steel Casing (or Shell) ........................................ 11-62
CISS Concrete Piling .......................................................................................................... 11-64
Clean and Paint (Structure Steel, Steel Piling, Sign Structure, etc...) ................................ 11-68
Closure Walls ..................................................................................................................... 11-68
Column Casing-Steel .......................................................................................................... 11-71
Concrete Barriers ............................................................................................................... 11-67
Core Concrete .................................................................................................................... 11-71
Deck Rehabiliatation Items ................................................................................................ 11-49
Deck Seal ........................................................................................................................... 11-71
Drill and Bond Dowel ......................................................................................................... 11-51
Drill and Bond Dowel (Epoxy Cartridges) ......................................................................... 11-51
Drive Cast-in-Steel-Shell Concrete Pile ............................................................................. 11-59
Drive Piles .......................................................................................................................... 11-57
Earthquake Restrainers, Retrofit and Repair ..................................................................... 11-50
Erect Precast Concrete Girder ........................................................................................... 11-66
Excavation and Backfill in Waterways .............................................................................. 11-55
Furnish and Erect Structural Steel (Bridge) ....................................................................... 11-67
Furnish Cast-in-Steel-Shell Concrete Piling ....................................................................... 11-58
Furnish Piling ...................................................................................................................... 11-57
Furnish Precast Concrete Girders ...................................................................................... 11-66
Headed Bar Reinforcing .................................................................................................... 11-46
Hinge Hold Down (Temporary) ......................................................................................... 11-51
Joint Seal (All Types) ......................................................................................................... 11-56
Joint Seal (Movement Rating 50mm or Less) .................................................................... 11-56
Joint Seal Assembly (Movement Rating More Than 50mm) ............................................. 11-56
Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls-MSE ......................................................................... 11-68
Metal Railings ..................................................................................................................... 11-67
Micropiles ........................................................................................................................... 11-59
Minor Concrete .................................................................................................................. 11-48

11-42 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Miscellaneous Metal (Bridge) ............................................................................................ 11-56

Miscellaneous Pipes ........................................................................................................... 11-65
Permanent Steel Casing ..................................................................................................... 11-57
Pervious or Permeable Backfill Material ........................................................................... 11-54
Pile Extensions and Columns for CIDH Concrete Piles .................................................... 11-61
Pile Extensions and Columns for Driven Piles ................................................................... 11-60
Prestressing Cast-in-Place Concrete ................................................................................. 11-66
PTFE Bearings ................................................................................................................... 11-71
Remove Concrete .............................................................................................................. 11-71
Rock Slope Protection ........................................................................................................ 11-72
Seal Course Concrete ........................................................................................................ 11-46
Slope Paving ....................................................................................................................... 11-49
Soil Nail ............................................................................................................................... 11-72
Sound Walls ........................................................................................................................ 11-69
Sprinkler Control Conduit and Communication Conduit ..................................................... 11-65
Structural Concrete, Approach Slab (Type EQ) ................................................................ 11-47
Structural Concrete, Approach Slab (Type N) .................................................................. 11-47
Structural Concrete, Approach Slab (Type R) ................................................................... 11-47
Structural Concrete, Bridge ................................................................................................ 11-48
Structural Concrete, Bridge Footing ................................................................................... 11-48
Structural Concrete, Lightweight ........................................................................................ 11-48
Structural Concrete, Pier Column ...................................................................................... 11-48
Structural Concrete, Retaining Wall (Not Bridge Wingwall) ............................................. 11-49
Structure Backfill (Retaining Wall) .................................................................................... 11-52
Structure Backfill or Structure Backfill (Bridge) ............................................................... 11-52
Structure Excavation (Pier Column) .................................................................................. 11-54
Structure Excavation (Retaining Wall) ............................................................................... 11-53
Structure Excavation (Type A) .......................................................................................... 11-53
Structure Excavation (Type D) .......................................................................................... 11-53
Structure Excavation or Structure Excavation (Bridge) .................................................... 11-52
Supply Line Bridge ............................................................................................................. 11-65
Temporary Railing .............................................................................................................. 11-67
Temporary Support (Existing Superstructure) ................................................................... 11-52
Tieback Anchors ................................................................................................................ 11-72
Timber ................................................................................................................................ 11-72

ESTIMATING 11-43
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Description of Contract Items

Bar Reinforcing Steel

• Quantity caluculated in kilograms.

• Two sets of quanity calculations should agree within 3% for each bar size.
Include:
1. Splices shown on the plans either graphically or in tabular form. See Appendix for lengths.
Where lapped bars are of two sizes, use splice length based on the smaller bar.
2. An additional 2% for lap splices not shown on plans, as shown at bottom of Bar Reinforcing
Summary Sheet.
3. Bond and anchorage lengths, see Bridge Design Details, Section 13, or consult designer.
4. Bar hooks, use “standard” unless dimensioned otherwise.
5. Dowels, grouted or bonded in drilled holes, except those for concrete barrier railings, and
diaphragm bolsters.
6. Reinforcement for Cast-In-Place Concrete piling 600 mm and larger.
7. Reinforcement in anchorages for CIP prestress girders.
8. Longitudinal reinforcement in stirrup hooks of precast girders, see Bridge Design Details,
Section 14.
9. Reinforcement around utility openings. See Standard Plans.
10. Bar chairs shown on plans.
11. Longitudinal bars at edge of deck and under railings.
12. Stirrup reinforcement at abutments, see Bridge Design Details 6-24.
Note:
• When calculating final quantities for standard slab bridges, do not use the approximate
tabular data in BDA Section 4.

11-44 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Do not include reinforcement or Epoxy coated reinforcement in:

1. Precast members (girders, walls, piling, panels,etc.)
Reinforcing for precast girders is shown on the marginal (final) estimate for use in pricing for
nonstandard girders only. For nonstandard girders use 75 kg per m3.
2. Cast-In-Place Concrete Piling less than 600 mm
3. Concrete barriers
4. Bridge approach slabs
5. Bridge slope paving
6. Diaphragm bolsters for hinge restrainers
7. Hairpins in steel pile anchorages
8. Closure walls
9. Sound walls – precast or masonry block
10. Deck access closure (usually for EQ restrainers)
11. Ripped texture (reinforcement used to create ripped texture)
12. Concrete crib walls
13. Cable anchorages for railings
14. Concrete panels for reinforced earth walls
15. Supply line cradles
16. Concrete classified as “Minor” (Gutters, etc.)
17. Soil Nails
18. Expansion dams

Bar Reinforcing Steel (Epoxy Coated)

1. Estimate in kilograms(Add 2% for splices not shown on the plans)
2. The Specifications Engineer must be advised of all locations where epoxy-coated bar
reinforcing steel is used.
3. Tabulate the quantity of Bar Reinforcing Steel (Epoxy-Coated) separately, except for
reinforcing in concrete barrier railings, pilings less than 600 mm and precast members.
4. Use bar masses the same as for uncoated bars. (No allowance is made for the mass of epoxy.)
5. If any portion of a bar requires epoxy-coating, the entire bar will be coated.

ESTIMATING 11-45
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

6. Decks and Approach Slabs: In Environmental Area III, and some other corrosive environments,
the deck and approach slab reinforcing steel is to be epoxy-coated.
Decks 300 mm thick and less:
Epoxy-coat the entire deck reinforcing.
Decks greater than 300 mm thick:

Refer to Memo to Designers , Section 8.

In all cases, the reinforcing in abutment, bent and girder diaphragms is to be coated to the same
depth as the adjacent deck.

Bar Reinforcing Steel (Retaining Wall)

1. Estimate in kilograms. Tabular values do not include reinforcement in haunch when concrete
barrier is attached at top; therefore, this must be added to the tabular values.
2. The specifications engineer must be advised of all locations where epoxy-coated bar
reinforcing steel is used.

Headed Bar Reinforcement

1. Estimate in EACH units (each head).

Concrete

Seal Course Concrete

1. Estimate in cubic meters per limits shown on plans.
2. This item is for concrete placed under water and is designated on the plans as Seal Course
Concrete.
3. See Bridge Design Details, Section 7.

11-46 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Structural Concrete, Approach Slab (Type N)

1. Estimate in cubic meters.
2. Included in the item price per cubic meter is everything shown on the approach slab sheets,
including structure approach drainage system, geocomposite drain, plastic pipe, drainage pads,
treated permeable base, filter fabric, woven tape fabric, miscellaneous metal, pourable seals,
epoxy-coated bar reinforcement and epoxy-coated miscellaneous bridge metal, transverse
joint seals at sleeper slabs, water stops, and sliding joints.

Structural Concrete, Approach Slab (Type EQ)

1. Estimate in cubic meters.
2. Included in the item price per cubic meter is everything shown on the approach slab sheets,
such as miscellaneous bridge metal, pourable seals, epoxy-coated bar reinforcement, and
epoxy-coated miscellaneous bridge metal.

Structural Concrete, Approach Slab (Type R)

1. Estimate in cubic meters.
2. For use where new approach slabs are desired at exisitng bridges; replacing PCC slabs or AC
paving.
3. Curing time for Type R approach slabs may require as little as 4 hours with use of chemical
admixtures, depending on lane closure restrictions. Otherwise, 5 days is standard cure time.
4. Separate quantities for Aggregate Base (Approach Slab) will be required, and it is assumed
to be 10% of the volume of the Structural Concrete, Approach Slab (Type R).
5. At PS&E, the designer should indicate in the “Memos to Specifications Engineer” whether
mudjacking was used under the existing approach slabs. Check bridge maintenance records
for this condition.
6. Included in the item price per cubic meter are removing and disposing of portions of the existing
structure and pavement materials, furnishing and placing miscellaneous metal, epoxy-coated
bar reinforcement, drilling and bonding of bar reinforcement or abutment tie rods, and Type
AL joint seals.

ESTIMATING 11-47
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Structural Concrete, Bridge

1. Compute in cubic meters from plan dimensions.
2. Do not deduct for volumes occupied by reinforcing steel, prestressing steel, miscellaneous
metal, structural steel, piling, drain pipes or joint filler.
3. Deduct for utility openings.
4. Do not deduct for access openings in soffit.
5. Include bent caps, slab, and diaphragms for precast girder superstructures.

Structural Concrete, Bridge Footing

1. Compute in cubic meters from plan dimensions.
2. Includes all concrete designated on the plans as bridge footing concrete.
3. Do not deduct for volumes occupied by reinforcing steel or piling.

Minor Concrete
1. Estimate in cubic meters.
2. This pay item will include necessary earthwork and reinforcing steel.

Structural Concrete, Lightweight

1. Estimate in cubic meters to limits shown on the plans, and report separately on Marginal
Estimate and Concrete Summary form.
2. Do not deduct for volumes occupied by reinforcing steel.

Structural Concrete, Pier Column

1. Estimate in cubic meters to limits shown on the plans.
2. This item is for concrete placed in excavated (mined) shafts.
3. Do not deduct for volumes occupied by reinforcing steel.

11-48 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Structural Concrete, Retaining Wall (Not Bridge Wingwall)

1. Estimate in cubic meters.
2. Retaining Walls that have a retaining wall number are not classified as wingwalls and are paid
for as Structural Concrete, Retaining Wall.
3. Wingwalls for abutments, even though they consist of lengths of standard retaining walls, will
normally be considered as Structural Concrete, Bridge, unless the wingwall is part of a
retaining wall that has a retaining wall number assigned or the retaining wall is greater than
15 meters in length.
4. Do not deduct for volumes occupied by reinforcing steel.

Slope Paving
1. Estimate the cubic meters of concrete. This pay item will include necessary earthwork and
reinforcing steel.
2. Estimate permeable material in cubic meters.
3. Estimate drainage inlets by each.
4. Estimate drain pipes in linear meters for each size and type.
5. Do not deduct for volumes occupied by reinforcing steel.

Deck Rehabilitation Items

Remove Unsound Concrete CM Use M² from chain survey

Remove Deck Surfacing M² Assumed to be AC
Asphalt Concrete (Type B) TONNE M³ × 2.28 = TONNE
Epoxy Adhesive (Bond Coat) L 2L per 1 M² use with PCC
patch and PCC exp. dam.
Portland Cement Concrete M³ Usually same quantity as
(Patch) Remove Unsound Concrete
Expansion Dam M³ Includes reinf. and dowels
Deck Seal M² Lx(W + .5) includes primer

ESTIMATING 11-49
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Slurry Leveling Course L 2.5 L per 1 M².Use on rough

decks only
Joint Seal M Indicate MR
Rapid Setting Concrete(Patch) M³
Clean Bridge Deck M²
Furnish Bridge Deck Treatment L
Treat Bridge Deck M²
Asphalt Concrete (Type B) TONNE For shoulders
Remove Unsound Concrete M³
Scarify Concrete Surface M² Include approaches
Deck Overlay (Concrete) M³
Saw Concrete Joint M
Furnish Polyester Concrete Overlay M³
Place Polyester Concrete Overlay M²
Rapid Setting Concrete (Deck Overlay) M³
Prepare Concrete Bridge Deck Surface M²

Earthquake Restrainers, Retrofit, and Repair

Access Opening, Deck .......................................................................................................... EA

This includes the concrete removal work.
Access Opening, Soffit (For existing structures only) .......................................................... EA
This includes the concrete removal work and the closing steel plate pour assembly.
Minor Concrete (Minor Structure) ......................................................................................... M³
This item will cover a variety of abutment blocks, shear blocks, bent blocks, pedestal
supports, etc. It includes concrete, bar reinforcing, drill and bond dowels and excavation
and backfill if needed, if the total quantity is small.
Diaphragm Bolster ................................................................................................................ EA
These are used to reinforce concrete girders. The item includes concrete, bar reinforcing,
and drill and bond dowels.

11-50 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Close Access, Deck .............................................................................................................. EA

This includes concrete (any type), bar reinforcing and the temporary steel cover plate.
Core Concrete (each size) ...................................................................................................... M

Miscellaneous Metal (Restrainer) ......................................................................................... KG

Include all metal involved in the restrainers. Provide separate estimates for cable type,
pipe type, and rod type. Deduct for holes. Ignore small non-repetitive copes and cuts.
Add 3% for galvanizing and welds.
Tiedown Anchor .................................................................................................................... EA
Includes core concrete through footing.
Asphalt Membrane Waterproofing ......................................................................................... M²

Column Casing (Steel) ........................................................................................................... KG

Includes casing, grout and seal, expanded polyethylene, welding, backup plates, drain
extension, and cleaning and painting structural steel. Earthwork separate.
See “Column Casing - Steel” under “Miscellaneous” in this section for masses for Square
meters.

Drill and Bond Dowel

1. Calculate length in the unit meters of drilled hole.
2. Reinforcement will be paid for as bar reinforcing steel.

Drill and Bond Dowel (Epoxy Cartridges)

1. Paid by the unit EACH.
2. Reinforcement will be paid as bar reinforcing steel.
3. Installation per manufacturers specifications . DO NOT indicate hole depth on plans.

Hinge Hold Down (Temporary)

1. Paid by the unit EACH.
2. Specify by type – prestressed or dead load.

ESTIMATING 11-51
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Temporary Support (Existing Superstructure)

1. Paid by the unit EACH.
(Provide square meter of supported area.)

Earthwork

Structure Backfill or Structure Backfill (Bridge)

1. Paid by the unit cubic meters.
2. See Standard Plans for limits of payment.
3. Deduct volume of concrete within the excavation limits, except for crib walls.
4. Deduct pervious and/or permeable material, if any.
5. Compute quantity only at those locations where backfill must be compacted.
Compaction of backfill is not required in waterways or channel areas which are not beneath
embankments, pavements, or slope protection.
6. Do not calculate quantity for structure excavation or backfill directly related to bridge removal.

Structure Backfill (Retaining Wall)

1. Paid by the unit cubic meters.
2. Use when Structural Concrete (Ret. Wall) is required.
3. See Standard Plans for limits of payment.

Structure Excavation or Structure Excavation (Bridge)

1. Paid by the unit cubic meters.
2. See Standard Plans for limits of payment.
3. When plans require concrete to be placed against undisturbed material, the quantity shall still
be calculated with widths 300 mm outside the concrete dimensions.
4. Where bridge approach embankments are to be surcharged, the placing and removal of excess
material will be paid as a separate district item.

11-52 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

5. The grading plane may be assumed to be 450 mm below finished pavement.

6. Where the volumes of Structure Excavation and Remove Concrete overlap:
Case 1. If there is no item of work (on the entire contract) for removing concrete and the
amount is minor and lies within the limits of payment for structure excavation, it can
be included and paid for as structure excavation. Inform Specifications Engineer.

Case 2. If there is an item for Remove Concrete, either by M³ or LS, deduct the volume
of concrete only from the structure excavation volume.
Case 3. If there is an item for Bridge Removal, deduct the volume of concrete and related
excavation from the structure excavation volume.
If it would clarify the situation in either Case 2 or Case 3, draw a separate pay limit diagram on
the plans.

Structure Excavation (Type A)

1. Paid by the unit cubic meters.
2. Use where excavation will be below water level.
3. Use only when seal course is shown.

Structure Excavation (Type D)

1. Paid by the unit cubic meters.
2. Use where ground water is anticipated, but a seal course is not shown.
3. Note or details should be shown on the plans.

Structure Excavation (Retaining Wall)

1. Paid by the unit cubic meters.
2. Use when Structural Concrete (Retaining Wall) is required.
3. See Standard Plans for limits.

ESTIMATING 11-53
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Structure Excavation (Pier Column)

1. Paid by the unit cubic meters.
2. Use for excavated (Mined) shafts.
3. Use with Structural Concrete (Pier Column)
4. Calculate quantity to 150 mm outside concrete dimensions, see Bridge Design Details,
Section 7-20.

Pervious or Permeable Backfill Material

1. Paid by the unit cubic meters.
2. See Standard Plans for limits.

11-54 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Excavation and Backfill in Waterways

Roadway excavation
A
Grading plane

Structure excavation
600 mm min below girder
A 300 mm
300 mm

Stripping Specify desired

Seal Course slope
Concrete
300 mm 300 mm
View A–A
Structure Excavation (Bridge) if water is not a problem
Structure Excavation (Type A) if a seal course is shown
Structure Excavation (Type D) if ground water is anticipated, but a seal course is not shown

Grading plane

Structure backfill

Do not compute a volume for Structure Backfill (Bridge) in a waterway

unless the channel is paved or the area supports slope protection.
Uncompacted backfill is included in the cost of excavation
300 mm 300 mm
Seal Course

Grading plane

Structure excavation
Improved channel

300mm
300mm

ESTIMATING 11-55
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Joint Seals

Joint Seal (All Types)

1. Paid by the unit meters.

Joint Seal (Movement Rating 50 mm or Less)

1. Paid by the unit meters for each MR.
2. See Standard Plan B6-21 for pay limit extension at low side of the deck.

Joint Seal Assembly (Movement Rating More than 50 mm)

1. Paid by the unit meters for each MR.
2. See Bridge Standard Detail Sheet XS-12-59, for pay limit extension at the low side of the deck.

Metal

Miscellaneous Metal (Bridge)

1. Paid by the unit kilograms, add 3% if galvanized.
2. The Standard Specifications (75-1.03) lists the items to be paid as Miscellaneous Metal
(Bridge).
3. Miscellaneous metal in connection with prestressing, such as anchorages, saddles, ducts, etc.,
are not paid as miscellaneous metal (Bridge). These are included in payment for Prestressing
CIP Concrete.
4. Estimate the mass of manhole frame and covers when they are to be paid for by the State.
Sometimes they are furnished to the contractor by the utility company.
5. Bridge Deck Drainage System paid separately.
6. Do not calculate mass for access opening plates. They are included in the cost of concrete
for new construction and in the cost of Soffit Access Openings for existing structures.

11-56 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Piling (Excluding CISS)

Furnish Piling
1. Paid by the unit meters from specified tip to cut-off elevation. Battered piles are measured
as the total length of pile along the pile centerline.
2. A separate pay item is required for each type or class of piling.

Drive Piles
1. Paid by the unit each, for each type or class of pile.

Cast-In-Drilled-Hole (CIDH) Concrete Piling

1. Paid by the unit meters from specified tip to cut-off elevation.
2. For piles less than 600 mm in diameter, the price of the pile includes all bar reinforcing steel,
including reinforcement which extends into a footing, cap, or deck.
3. For piles 600 mm in diameter and larger, compute the weight of bar reinforcing steel and
include with Bar Reinforcing Steel (Bridge). Add pile reinforcement, including reinforcement
which extends into a footing, cap, or deck, and any spirals or hoops used to confine this pile
reinforcement, to the "other" column on the Bar Reinforcing summary sheet.
4. Use only the standard size diameters as shown in Attachment 3 of Memo to Designers 3-1.
For diameters less than 1.0 meter, the item name shall include the diameter in millimeters. For
diameters greater than or equal to 1.0 meter, the item name shall include the diameter in
meters. This does not apply to CIDH concrete piles with permanent steel casings.

Permanent Steel Casing

1. Paid by the unit meter from cut-off elevation to specified tip of the permanent steel casing.
If there is any geotechnical capacity required along the length of the steel, it is not a “casing”.
This item covers furnishing and installing the permanent steel casing; no separate “drive” item
is necessary. For the rare case where a CIDH concrete pile requires geotechnical capacity
along the length of the steel casing, and a CISS concrete pile is not appropriate, the item
“Driven Steel Shell” will be used and will be measured and paid for in the same manner as
a permanent steel casing.

ESTIMATING 11-57
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Cast-In-Drilled-Hole Concrete Piling (Rock Socket)

1. Paid in the unit meter from the specified tip of the rock socket to the specified tip of the
permanent steel casing (or to the specified tip of the larger diameter CIDH concrete pile if
no casing is shown on the plans).
2. For piles less than 600 mm in diameter, the price of the pile includes all bar reinforcing steel,
including reinforcement which extends above the rock socket.
3. For piles 600 mm in diameter and larger, compute the quantity of bar reinforcing steel and
include it in the Bar Reinforcing Steel (Bridge) item. This pile reinforcement, including
reinforcement which extends above the rock socket, and any spirals or hoops used to confine
this pile reinforcement, should be added to the "other" column on the Bar Reinforcing summary
sheet.
4. Use only the standard size diameters as shown in Attachment 3 of Memo to Designers 3-1.

Cast-In-Steel-Shell (CISS) Concrete Piling

Furnish Cast-In-Steel-Shell Concrete Piling

1. Paid by the unit meter from specified tip to cut-off elevation.
2. Use standard Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) sizes for pile diameters less than or equal to 1500 mm.
3. Use outside pile diameter in meters for pile diameters greater than 1500 mm.
4. For pile sizes less than 600 mm in diameter, the price of the pile includes all bar reinforcing
steel, including reinforcement which extends into a footing, cap, or deck.
5. For pile sizes 600 mm in diameter and larger, compute the weight of bar reinforcing steel and
include with Bar Reinforcing Steel (Bridge). This pile reinforcement, including reinforcement
which extends into a footing, cap, or deck, and any spirals or hoops used to confine this pile
reinforcement, should be added to the "other" column on the Bar Reinforcing summary sheet.
6. This item includes furnishing of both steel shell and concrete filling.
7. A separate item is required for each diameter of piling.

11-58 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Drive Cast-In-Steel-Shell Concrete Pile

1. Estimate by each, for each diameter of piling.
2. Includes driving the shell, clean-out of the shell, and placement of the concrete filling.

Non-Standard Piling

Micropiles
1. Paid by the unit each.
2. Includes furnishing and installing the micropile (including casings, grout, reinforcement, and
anchorages).

ESTIMATING 11-59
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Pile Extensions and Columns for Driven Piles*

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

cut-off cut-off cut-off

elevation elevation elevation
Soffit
(Typ)
See

Bar Reinforcing Steel (Bridge)

Structural Concrete (Bridge)
Limits of payment for furnish piling
note 4
Bar Reinforcing Steel (Bridge)

Structural Concrete (Bridge)

Driven Concrete Piling or full length CISS Concrete Piling

CIP
CIP Column
Column

cut-off
elevation

cut-off
elevation
Limits of payment for furnish piling

Limits of payment for furnish piling

Driven
Piling or
CISS
Concrete
Steel
Piling
Piling

Notes
1. The extension may or may not have the same reinforcing as the pile.
2. Pay limits shown here should also be included on the plans.
3. Calculate pile length to specified tip elevation.
4. Limits of embedment into soffit to be determined by the designer and shown on the plans.
5. CISS Pile Extensions may need to be cleaned and painted.
* Includes CISS concrete piles

11-60 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Pile Extensions and Columns for CIDH Concrete Piles

Case 1 Case 2

Soffit
(Typ)
See
note 4

Bar Reinforcing Steel (Bridge)

Bar Reinforcing Steel (Bridge)

Structural Concrete (Bridge)

Structural Concrete (Bridge)

Dissimilar
CIP
Concrete
Column

CIP
Column

cut-off
Limits of payment for CIDH concrete piling

cut-off elevation
elevation
Limits of payment for CIDH concrete piling

CIDH Concrete CIDH

Piling (600 mm Concrete
φ or larger) Piling

Notes
1. The extension may or may not have the same reinforcing as the pile.
2. Pay limits shown here should also be included on the plans.
3. Estimate pile length from cut-off elevation to specified tip elevation.
4. Limits of embedment into soffit to be determined by the designer and shown on the plans.

ESTIMATING 11-61
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

CIDH Concrete Piling with Permanent Steel Casing (or Shell)

Pile cut-off elevation

X mm

Limits of payment for X mm Permanent Steel Casing

Limits of payment for W mm Cast-In-Drilled-Hole Concrete Piling

SOIL
W mm*

Specified Tip
Elevation for
Permanent
Steel Casing

Y mm**

Pile specified tip elevation

* Thickness of casing must be shown on the plans.

* For diameters 1500 mm or less, the diameter of the CIDH concrete piling will be called
the same as the outside casing (W=X). For diameters greater than 1500 mm, the CIDH
concrete piling diameter controls and should be a standard size.
* CIDH sizes must be a standard size.

11-62 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

CIDH Concrete Piling with Permanent Steel Casing into Rock

CIDH cut-off elevation

Limits of payment for W mm CIDH Concrete Piling and Limits

of payment for X mm Permanent Steel Casing
X mm

W mm*
SOIL

Limits of payment for Y mm CIDH

Concrete Piling (Rock Socket)

See Note 1

ROCK
Y mm**

CIDH (rock socket)

specified tip elevation

Notes
1. Specified Tip Elevation for Permanent Steel Casing and W mm CIDH concrete piling,
and cut-off elevation for Y mm CIDH concrete piling (Rock Socket).
* For diameters 1500 mm or less, the diameter of the CIDH concrete piling will be called
the same as the outside diameter of the casing (W=X). For diameter greater than 1500 mm,
the CIDH concrete piling diameter is equal to the inside diameter of the casting.
* CIDH Concrete Piling (Rock Socket) must be a standard diameter.

ESTIMATING 11-63
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

CISS Concrete Piling

cut-off elevation

Z mm*

Limits of payment for Furnish Z mm CISS Concrete Piling

SOIL

specified tip elevation

* Thickness and outside diameter should be shown in pile data table (see Memo to Designers 3-1).

11-64 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Pipes, Conduits, Drains

Bridge Deck Drainage System

1. Paid by the unit kilogram.
2. Include inlets, pipes, supports, etc.
3. Add 3% to mass for galvanized portions.

Miscellaneous Pipes
1. Paid by the unit meter, for each size and type. Indicate thickness for steel pipes, and class for
pressure rating for asbestos and PVC pipes.

Sprinkler Control Conduit and Communication Conduit

1. Usually a District Item. Design may be asked to calculate length through structure for
transmittal to District.
2. See Standard Plan B14-3.

Supply Line Bridge

1. Estimate by meters for each size. Estimate to 1.5 meters beyond wingwall, see Standard Plan
B14-4. The payment per meter of pipe includes hangers, supports, brackets, and expansion
details.
2. Do not calculate mass for Access Opening Plates for supply lines, as payment is included in
the concrete item.
3. Plan Sheet from the Mechanical Design Branch must be included with Bridge Plans for sizes
greater than 100 mm.
4. Estimate casing separately by meter. For limits see Standard Plans (B7-10).

ESTIMATING 11-65
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Precast Girders

Furnish Precast Concrete Girders

1. Paid by the unit EACH and separate by nominal lengths and types.
2. List conventionally reinforced and prestressed girders separately.
3. Indicate concrete, bar reinforcing steel, and prestressing quantities for each non-standard
girder. Show this information at the bottom of the Marginal Estimate form.
4. For spliced post tensioned girders, calculate prestressing separately in kilograms of steel.

Erect Precast Concrete Girder

1. Paid by the unit EACH for each length.

Prestressing Steel

Prestressing Cast-in-Place Concrete

1. The contract item Prestressing Cast-in-Place Concrete includes placing ducts, prestressing
steel, stressing, anchorages, and grouting.
2. Estimate prestressing steel in kilograms, do not include anchorages, ducts, etc. Paid by Lump
Sum.
3. Estimate epoxy coated prestressing steel separately. Use strand masses the same for
uncoated strands.
4. Mass

3 × /HQJWK × 
I
= NJ
  

3 × /HQJWK × 
MDFN
= NJ
  

Pf or Pjack in KN
Length in meters
For RR loading add 7.5%

11-66 ESTIMATING
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Railings and Barriers

Concrete Barriers
1. Calculate quantities of each type separately. Paid by meters. Payment includes the bar
reinforcing steel and all bar reinforcing that extends into the barrier. For Types such as 25B,
26A, 732B, 736B earthwork is included.
2. Drill and bond dowels for Type R rail replacement is included in the price per meter of barrier.

Metal Railing
1. These are usually steel railings such as tubular hand railing, chain link railing, or cable railing.
2. Calculate quantities for each type separately in meters. This includes anchor bolts or post
pockets.

Temporary Railing
1. Estimate by meters for locations shown on the plans or required for falsework openings. Type
K should be in 6.1 meters increments.
2. The total length for payment includes the lengths each time it is used at (or moved to) a new
location.
3. Include pay quantity for K-Rail in “Advanced Planning Estimates” only. District will include
quantities with District Items at PS&E.

Structural Steel

Furnish Structural Steel (Bridge) and Erect Structural Steel (Bridge)

1. Segregate by type of steel and estimate in kilograms.
2. Include bearings (except PTFE Spherical Bearings), anchor bolts, shear connectors, and
expansion dams (except where expansion dams are galvanized or embedded in concrete).
3. Ignore small, non-repetitive cuts, copes, and bolt holes.
4. Add 3% for welds and bolts.

ESTIMATING 11-67
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Clean and Paint (Structural Steel, Steel Piling, Sign Structure, etc...)
1. Estimate by kilograms of steel sections to be painted.
2. Paid by Lump Sum.

Walls

Closure Walls
1. Estimate by square meter.
2. Specify alternative(s) if all three are not allowed.
3. Architectural treatment for closure wall is included in the cost per square meter of wall.

Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls – MSE

1. Paid by the square meter.
2. Includes excavation, backfill, drainage, and architectural treatment.

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 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Sound Walls
ESTIMATING QUANTITIES

A. M² of wall, indicate each type.**

A A
B. M³ of Minor Concrete ( Minor Structure), includes
excavation, backfill & reinforcing
B*
B* C. M of Concrete Barrier (indicate type).
Spread
Trench D. Usual retaining wall quantities.

E. M of CIDH concrete piling, indicate size.

A F. M of special wall cap if used.

A

C
C
1.2 m
max

Cont footing Over 1.2 m

Case 1 Case 2
If wall is both Case 1 and 2, use Case 2

A A

C C

Retaining Wall Bridge

A A A A
A

C C
E* C
B* B
B
E E* E
1.2 m max Over 1.2 m E
Pile Cap
Case 3 Case 4
If wall is both Case 3 and 4, use Case 4

* These are separate items

** Usual types

TYPICAL SOUND WALL ITEMS

. 400 mm CIDH concrete piling

. Sound wall (Masonry block)

. Minor concrete (Sound wall)

. Concrete barrier (TYPE)

If the sound wall is sitting on a retaining wall or concrete barrier, all the support items are typically paid for separately. If a
sound wall is sitting on anything else, everything is included in the square meter price of the sound wall. However, all
quantities are needed for cost estimating.

ESTIMATING 11-69
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Miscellaneous

Architectural Treatment
1. Estimate by square meter of area for each type to be treated.
2. Architectural treatment for Mechanically Stabilized Earth walls (MSE walls) and closure
walls is included in square meter cost of wall.

Asphalt Concrete
1. Estimate by tonne. (2,250 kg per m³)
2. Use Type B for overlays on concrete bridge decks.
3. If the roadwork also has AC (Type B), contact the District Designer to see if they will include
the quantity in their estimate. If so, note this on the Marginal Estimate Form.

Asphalt Membrane Waterproofing

1. Estimate by square meter for area delineated on plans.
2. This is for underground use, not for use as a deck seal.

Bridge Removal and Bridge Removal (Portion)

1. Usually paid as a lump sum.
2. Calculate square meter area of deck, and type of bridge, for complete bridge removal.
3. For Bridge Removal (Portion) calculate in cubic meters of concrete to be removed (except
for concrete barriers).
4. Unless noted otherwise, removal will be to 0.91 meters below finished grade.
5. Includes excavation and backfill directly associated with removal.
6. Provide As-Built GP sheets for bridge removal.
7. If concrete barrier is to be removed, provide length to be removed.

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Column Casing – Steel

1. Calculate quantities in kilograms.
2. Mass (kilograms) per square meter of various thicknesses
9.5 mm = 75.3 kg per m2 of column casing
12 mm = 100.1 kg per m2 of column casing
16 mm = 125.7 kg per m2 of column casing
19 mm = 148.3 kg per m2 of column casing
25 mm = 199.5 kg per m2 of column casing

Core Concrete
1. Calculate length of hole to be cored in meters for each diameter size core.

Deck Seal
1. Estimate by square meter. Use distance between rails plus 127 mm above finished surface
at each rail face. This is for a membrane seal.
2. See also Quantity Take Off for Deck Rehabilitation.
3. Also need item for clean deck, in square meters, on deck rehabilitation projects.

PTFE Bearings
1. Paid by the unit EACH, for concrete structures.
2. Paid by the unit kilograms of structural steel, for steel structures.
3. Multiple discs in a bearing assembly count as a single unit.

Remove Concrete
1. Estimate in cubic meters. Concrete will be removed to a depth of one meter below finished
grade unless shown otherwise.
2. See also Structure Excavation.

ESTIMATING 11-71
 BRIDGE DESIGN AIDS • MARCH 2005

Rock Slope Protection

1. Usually a District item – check with District Project Engineer.
2. Estimate in cubic meters. Specify size of rock (1/4T, 1/2T, etc), and placement method.
3. Item includes necessary excavation, etc.
4. Does not include fabric required (separate items).

Soil Nails
1. Paid by length in the unit meter.

Tieback Anchors
1. Paid by the unit EACH.

Timber
1. Paid by cubic meter. Use nominal sizes and do not deduct for bevels or daps.
2. Do not estimate hardware such as nails, lag bolts, washers, etc.
3. Estimate structural metal, such as shapes, castings, eyebars, etc., by the kilogram and report
separately.
4. Estimate treated and untreated separately.
5. Estimate timber catwalks by meters.

11-72 ESTIMATING
Cost Estimates Home

California Home

Caltrans > Division of Engineering Services > SDS & EE > Structure Office Engineer > Cost Estimates

Cost Estimates Branch

Services provided:
- The ES Cost Estimates Branch provides project cost estimates and construction working day
schedules for all phases of project development for highway bridges and transportation related
structures. Additionally, the Branch collects, organizes, analyzes and disseminates statistical cost data
for bridge construction work.

Documents & Spreadsheets:

Forms

Construction Statistics, 2003

Comparative Bridge Cost 2004 (English Units)

Comparative Bridge Cost 2004 (Metric Units)

Last updated 08-10-2004

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