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Basic RLC

1. The document discusses the analysis of basic RL and RC circuits. It analyzes the transient response of a series RL circuit with an initial dc source using differential equations. The solution provides an expression for the current i(t) as a function of the initial current Io and circuit parameters R and L. 2. It also examines two cases for integrating the differential equation - with and without a constant of integration. Both cases result in the same final expression for the current i(t) as a function of the initial current Io and the time-varying exponential term. 3. It then defines the mathematical model of an ideal inductor using a differential equation and derives integral relationships between the inductor voltage and current

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Joyprakash Lairenlakpam
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74 views3 pages

Basic RLC

1. The document discusses the analysis of basic RL and RC circuits. It analyzes the transient response of a series RL circuit with an initial dc source using differential equations. The solution provides an expression for the current i(t) as a function of the initial current Io and circuit parameters R and L. 2. It also examines two cases for integrating the differential equation - with and without a constant of integration. Both cases result in the same final expression for the current i(t) as a function of the initial current Io and the time-varying exponential term. 3. It then defines the mathematical model of an ideal inductor using a differential equation and derives integral relationships between the inductor voltage and current

Uploaded by

Joyprakash Lairenlakpam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EC - 304 Electrical Network Theory

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering North-Eastern Hill University October 5, 2012 Basic RL and RC circuits Dr. L. Joyprakash Singh
1. The Source-Free RL-Circuit[with dc source initially]: The analysis of circuits containing inductors and/or capacitors is dependent upon the formulation and solution of the integrodierential equations that characterize the circuits. The equation we obtain is a homogeneous linear dierential equation and is simply a dierential equation in which every term is of the rst degree in the dependent variable or one of its derivatives. The solution of the dierential equation represents a response of the circuit, and it is known by many names. Since this response depends upon the general nature of the circuit (the types of elements, their sizes, the interconnection of the elements), it is often called a natural response. However, any real circuit we construct cannot store energy forever; the resistances intrinsically associated with inductors and capacitors will eventually convert all stored energy into heat. The response must eventually die out, and for this reason it is frequently referred to as the transient response. Finally, we should also be familiar with the mathematicians contribution to the nomenclature; they call the solution of a homogeneous linear dierential equation a complementary function. 2. Case-I[dc source]: Transient analysis of the simple series RL circuit. Let us designate the time-varying current as i(t); we will represent the value of i(t) at t = 0 as Io ; in other words, i(0) = Io . We therefore have i(t) vR + vL = 0 + di Ri + L = 0 dt di R + i=0 dt L vR (2.1) Figure 2.1: A series RL circuit for i(t) is to be determined, subject to the initial condition that i(0) = Io t=0 R i(t) vR + vS + L + vL R L + vL

Our goal is to obtain an expression for i(t)which satises the above equation and also has the value Io at t = 0 Rearranging the Eq. 2.1, di R = dt i L (2.2)

Since the current is Io and i(t) at time t, we may equate the two denite integrals which are obtained by integrating each side between the corresponding limits;
t di R = dt i L Io 0 Performing indicated integration, i(t)

(2.3)

Figure 2.2: A series RL circuit for i(t) is to be determined, subject to the initial condition that i(0) = Io

ln i

i |Io

t R = t L 0

(2.4)

Note:Practice helps analysis perfect!

EC - 304 ENT which results in

Basic RL and RC circuits

Dr. L. Joyprakash Singh

R ln i ln Io = (t 0) L i R ln = t Io L R i = e L t Io Therefore, we nd that the current i(t) is given by i(t) = Io e L t =


R

Vo R t e L R

(2.5)

Case-II[dc source]: Integrating both sides of Eq. (2.2) by including a constant of integration, we have R di = dt + K i L Thus, R ln i = t + K (2.6) L The constant K cannot be evaluated by substitution of Eq. (2.6) in the original dierential equation (2.1); identity 0 = 0 will result, because Eq. (2.6) is a solution of Eq. (2.1) for any value of K. The constant of integration must be selected to satisfy the initial condition i(0) = Io ., Thus, at t = 0, Eq. (2.6) becomes ln Io = K Using the above value of K in Eq. (2.6) to obtain the desired response R ln i = t + ln Io L R ln i ln Io = t L i R ln = t Io L R i = e L t Io Therefore, we nally have i = Io e L t = 3. The Inductor The mathematical model of an ideal inductor is dened by a simple dierential equation as di v=L (3.1) dt We bear in mind that v and i are functions of time, if needed, we can emphsize this fact that by writing v(t) and i(t), instead. ECE, NEHU, Shillong
R

Vo R t e L R

(2.7)

L + vL

Figure 3.1: Electrical symbol and currentvoltage conventions for an inductor

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October 5, 2012

EC - 304 ENT

Basic RL and RC circuits

Dr. L. Joyprakash Singh

Integral Voltage-Current Relationships We re-arrange the Eq. 3.1 as 1 v dt L Integrate the above equation between the time limits to and t: di =
i(t) i(to )

(3.2)

1 di = L

v(t ) dt
to

(3.3)

which leads to the equation 1 i(t) i(to ) = L or i(t) = 1 L


t t

v(t ) dt
to

(3.4)

v(t ) dt + i(to )
to

(3.5)

Equation 3.5 may also be written as an indenite integral plus a constant of intergration: i(t) = 1 L v dt + k (3.6)

We may also assume that we are solving a realistic problem in which the selection of to as insures no current or energy in the inductor. Thus, if i(to ) = i() = 0, then 1 i(t) = L Energy Storage: The power delivered to an inductor is p = vi di dt and the energy stored in its electric eld is therefore = Li
t t t

v dt

(3.7)

(3.8)

p dt = L
to to t

di dt dt i di

=L
i(to )

1 = L{[i(t)]2 [i(to )]2 } 2 and thus 1 wL (t) wL (to ) = L{[i(t)]2 [i(to )]2 } 2

(3.9)

(3.10)

If we select a zero-energy reference at to , implying that the inductor current is also zero at that instant, then 1 wL (t) = Li2 (3.11) 2

ECE, NEHU, Shillong

Page 3 of 3

October 5, 2012

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