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Assignment in Advance Chemistry: Denise Paola O. Bandiola IV-Newton

The document discusses different shapes of snowflakes. It describes common shapes such as hexagonal plates, stellar dendrites which branch out like stars, and fernlike stellar dendrites which have feathery branches. More irregular shapes include needles, columns, rimed crystals which have ice coating, and sometimes bullets. Over 50 different snowflake shapes are possible due to temperature and humidity conditions during formation.

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Denise Bandiola
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61 views2 pages

Assignment in Advance Chemistry: Denise Paola O. Bandiola IV-Newton

The document discusses different shapes of snowflakes. It describes common shapes such as hexagonal plates, stellar dendrites which branch out like stars, and fernlike stellar dendrites which have feathery branches. More irregular shapes include needles, columns, rimed crystals which have ice coating, and sometimes bullets. Over 50 different snowflake shapes are possible due to temperature and humidity conditions during formation.

Uploaded by

Denise Bandiola
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Denise Paola O.

Bandiola IV-Newton

Assignment in Advance Chemistry


Ice
Ice is water frozen into the solid state. It can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter the appearance. Ice appears in nature in forms of snowflakes, hail, icicles, ice spikes and candles, glaciers, pack ice, frost, and entire polar ice caps. It is an important component of the global climate, and plays an important role in the water cycle. Furthermore, ice has numerous cultural applications, from ice cooling of drinks to winter sports and the art of ice sculpting. The molecules in solid ice may be arranged in different ways, called phases, depending on the temperature and pressure. Usually ice is the phase known as ice Ih, which is the most abundant of the varying solid phases on the Earth's surface. The most common phase transition to ice Ih occurs when liquid water is cooled below 0C (273.15K, 32F) at standard atmospheric pressure. It can also depositfrom vapour with no intervening liquid phase, such as in the formation of frost. The word is derived from Old English s, which in turn stems from Proto-Germanic isaz.

Shapes of Snowflakes

Hexagonal Plates

Stellar Dendrites

Wilson A. Bentley Hexagonal plates are six-sides flat shapes. The plates may be simple hexagons or they may be patterned. Sometimes you can see a star pattern in the center of a hexagonal plate. Stellar Plates

Wilson A. Bentley Stellar dendrites are a common snowflake shape. These are the branching six-sided shapes most people associate with snowflakes. Fernlike Stellar Dendrites

Wilson A. Bentley These shapes are more common than the simple hexagons. The term 'stellar' is applied to any snowflake shape that radiates outward, like a star. Stellar plates are hexagonal plates that have bumps or simple, unbranched arms.

Wilson A. Bentley If the branches extending from a snowflake look feathery or like the fronds of a fern, then the snowflakes are categorized as fernlike stellar dendrites.

Irregular Shapes Needles

USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Snow sometimes occurs as fine needles. The needles may be solid, hollow, or partially hollow. Snow crystals tend to form needle shapes when the temperature is around -5C.

USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Most snowflakes are imperfect. They may have grown unevenly, broken, melted and refrozen, or had contact with other crystals. Rimed Crystals

Columns

USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Station USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Station Some snowflakes are six-sided columns. The columns may be short and squat or long and thin. Some columns may be capped. Sometimes (rarely) the columns are twisted. Twisted columns are also called Tsuzumi-shaped snow crystals. Bullets Sometimes snow crystals come in contact with water vapor from clouds or warmer air. When the water freezes onto the original crystal it forms a coating that is known as rime. Sometimes rime appears as dots or spots on a snowflake. Sometimes rime completely covers the crystal. A crystal coated with rime is called graupel.

USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Column-shaped snowflakes sometimes taper at one end, forming a bullet shape. When the bullet-shaped crystals are joined together they can form icy rosettes.

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