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CHAPTER 14: GRADIENT AND AREA UNDER A GRAPH

Speed-time graph gradient represent rate of change of speed the area under graph represent the distance traveled
speed constant/uniform speed acceleration Area = distance traveled 0 A time 0 deceleration

Distance-time graph Gradient - represents speed Distance traveled vertical axis

distance

stationary

speed

time

b a Area = ab

b a Area =

b c a Area =

1 ab 2

1 a(b+c) 2

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

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Questions Based on Examination Format

Speed (m s-1 )

Example 1 The diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle over a period of T seconds. Given that the total distance traveled in T seconds is 90 m. Calculate a) its acceleration in the first 4 seconds. b) the value of T Solution

14 10

Time (s)

a)

Final speed initial speed 14 10 4 = = =1 4 time 4

b) area A + area B = 90 1 x (14 +10 ) x 4 + (T 4) x14 = 90 2 48 + (T 4) x 14 = 90 (T - 4) x 14 = 90 - 48 T - 4 = 42/14 = 3 + 4 = 7 Exercise 1 The diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle over a period of T seconds. Given that the total distance traveled in T seconds is 124 m. Calculate c) its acceleration in the first 4 seconds. d) the value of T Solution 0 4 T Time (s)

Speed (m s-1 )

20 12

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

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Speed (m s-1 )

Example 2
20

u 0 Time (s)

The diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle over a period of 11 seconds. Calculate the value of u in each of the following cases Its acceleration in the first 7 seconds is 2 m s-2 . The total distance traveled during the 11 seconds is 138m Solution a) = 2 20 - u = 14 u = 6 b) x (20 + u) x 7 + x 4 x 20 = 138
x (20 + u) x 7 = (20 + u) x 7 20 + u u 138 - 40 = 98(2) = 196/7 = 28 20 = 8

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Speed (m s-1 ) 8 u

Exercise 2
0 Time (s)

10

The diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle over a period of 10 seconds. Calculate the value of u in each of the following cases Its acceleration in the first 6 seconds is 0.5 ms-2 . The total distance traveled in the 10 seconds is 58 m Solution

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

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Speed (m s-1)

Example 3 The diagram shows the speed-time graph of an object over a period of 17 seconds. Calculate a)its deceleration in the first 7 seconds b) the value of u, if the distance traveled in the last 10 seconds is 87 m. Solution 12 20 8 = 7 7 1 1 b) x (u + 12) x 2 + x u x 8 = 87 2 2 (u + 12) + 4u = 87 5u = 87 12 u = 15 a)

20 u 12

17

Time (s)

Speed (m s-1)

Exercise 3 The diagram shows the speed-time graph of an object over a period of 14 seconds. Calculate a)its deceleration during the first 4 seconds b) the value of u, if the distance traveled in the last 10 seconds is 150 m. Solution

29 u 15

10

14

Time (s)

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

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Distance from A (km) 240 144 R P Q Example 4 In the diagram, OPQ is the distance-time graph of a car traveling from town A to town B. The straight line RPS represents the distance-time graph of a van traveling from town B to town A. Calculate the average speed, in km h-1 , of the car from town A to B value of t if the van traveled at uniform speed. Solution a) = = 60 km h-1 b) = 80 80t = 144 t = 1.2

S 3

Time(hrs)

Distance from A (km) 250 144 R P Q Exercise 4 In the diagram, OPQ is the distance-time graph of a car traveling from town A to town B. The straight line RPS represents the distance-time graph of a van traveling from town B to town A. Calculate the a) average speed, in km h-1 , of the car from town A to B b) value of t if the van traveled at uniform speed. Solution

S 0 t 5 6

Time(hrs)

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

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PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1. Nov 2003 Speed (ms-1) Diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle for a period of 17 s. State the length of time, in s, that particle moves with uniform speed. 18 u b) Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms, in the last 4 s c) Calculate the value of u , if the total distance traveled in the first 13 s is 195 m. [ 6 marks] 6 13 17 Time (s)

2. Nov 2004 Distance from town T (km)

Diagram shows the distance-time graph for the journeys of a car and a bus. The graph JKLM represents the journey of the car and the graph JLN represents the journey of the bus. Both vehicles depart from town T at the same time and travel along the same road. M N State the length of time, in hours, during which the car is stationary.

170 120 48 J 0 0.5 0.8 2.0 K L

Calculate the average speed, in km h, of the car over the 2 hour period.

At a certain time during the journey, both vehicles are at the same location. Find the distance, in km , between that location and town T. State the time taken by the bus to reach that location from town T.
Gradient And Area Under A Graph

[ 6 marks]

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3. Nov 2005 . Speed (ms-1 )

21

Diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle for a period of t seconds. State the length of time, in s, that the particle moves with uniform speed. Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms-2 , in the first 5 seconds. Calculate the value of t, if the total distance traveled for the period of t seconds is 148 metres. [6 marks ] 5 12 t Time (s)

9 1 0

4. July 2006

Diagram shows the speed-time graph for the movement of a particle for a period of 30seconds. State the length of time, in s, for which the particle moves with uniform speed. Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms-2 , in the last 8 seconds. Calculate the value of u, if the distance travelled in the last 14 seconds is 229 m. [6 marks]

Speed (ms-1 )

25

16

22

30

Time (s)

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

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5. Nov 2006, Q9 Diagram 4 shows the speed-time graph for the movement of a particle for a period of 20 seconds.

(a)
(b)

State the uniform speed, in ms-1, of the particle. The distance traveled by the particle with uniform speed is 84m. Calculate (i) the value of t, (ii) the average speed, in ms-1, of the particle for the period of 20 seconds. [ 6 marks ]

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

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8 Julai 2007. Diagram 3 shows the speed-time graph for the movement of a particle for a

period of 20 seconds.
Speed (m s-1 ) 36

24

15 Diagram 3

20 Time (s)

(a) State the uniform speed, in ms-1, of the particle. (b) Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms-2, in the last 5 seconds.

(c) Given that the distance traveled by the particle in the first 15 seconds is 408 metres, calculate the value of t .
[6 marks] 9 November 2007. Diagram 5 shows the distance-time graph for the journeys of a bus and a taxi . Distance (km) Town B 90 J S

30 Town A P 0

30 40

K 65

150

Time (minutes)

Diagram 5 The graph PQRS represents the journey of the bus from town A to town B. The graph JK represents the journey of the taxi from B to town A. The bus leaves town A and the taxi leaves town B at the same and they travel along the same road. (a) State the length of time, in minutes, during which the bus is stationary.
Gradient And Area Under A Graph

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(b) (i) If the journey starts at 9.00 a.m., at what time do the vehicles meet? (ii) Find the distance, in km, from town B when the vehicles
meet . (c) Calculate the average speed, in km h-1, of the bus for the whole journey. 10 June 2008. Diagram 10 shows a speed-time graph for the movement of a particle for a

period of 25 s.
Speed (m s-1 ) 28

u 10

12

16 Diagram 10

25 Time (s)

(a) State the duration of time s, for which the particle moves with uniform speed. (b) Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms-2, in the first 12 s. (c) Calculate the value of u, if the total distance traveled in the period of 25 s is 438 m.

[6 marks]

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

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11 November 2008. Diagram 9 shows the speed-time graph for the movement of a particle for a

period of t seconds.
Speed (m s-1 )

20

12

4 Diagram 9

Time (s)

(a) State the uniform speed, in m s1 , of the particle. (b) Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms-2, in the first 4 seconds. (c) The total distance traveled in t seconds is 184 metres. [6 marks]

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ANSWERS

QUESTIONS BASED ON EXAMINATION FORMAT 1a 3a 2 7 @ -3.5 2 1b 3b 7 21 2a 4a 5 41/67 2b 4b 6 2.88

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 2003 (a) 7 b 2004 2005 2006(J) 2006(N) 2007(J) 2007(N) 2008(J) 2008(N) (a) 0.3 (a) 7 (a) 16 (a) 14 (a) 24 (a) 35 (a) 9 (a) 20 b b b b b b b b

-4.5 85 1.6 3.125 (i) 18 (ii) 16 4.8 (i) 9.40 a.m (ii) 60 1.5 2

c c c c

5 (i) 48 16 18
C(ii)

0.8

c c c c

8 36 14 10

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

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