Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Page
Department of Electronic Engineering
Session
Experiments Title: Operational Amplifier Circuits:

Linear Applications
Semester
1/8
2008/2009
2
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC

ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY II
(Electronic Devices and Application)
LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEET
Subject Code
BEE 2291
Experiment Title
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
CIRCUITS: LINEAR
APPLICATIONS
Course Code
2 BEP/BET/BEM/BER
Experiment
Page
Session

Linear Applications
Semester
AIM
: To provide knowledge in operational amplifier principles and its application.
1.0
OBJECTIVES
2/8
2008/2009
2
The objectives of this experiment are:

To build linear op-amp circuits and investigate their characteristics.
2.0
THEORY
One of the basic building blocks of analog electronics is Op-amps. For this experiment,
an ideal model of the op amp will be used. The circuit symbol and model for an opamp is shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1
The op amp obeys the input-output relationship:
where vo is the output voltage, v+ and v- are, respectively, the voltages at the non-inverting and
inverting inputs, and A is the amplifier gain.
For an ideal op amp there are two important facts:
a) The gain of the amplifier is infinite.
b) The internal resistances between the inputs (v+ and v-) and ground are infinite.
These two facts lead to two important relationships used to analyze op amp circuits:
1) The voltages at the two inputs are the same.
2) There is no current from the input of the op amp.
One of the most commonly used op-amp is the 741 op-amp. Figure 1.2 shows the pin configuration for
the 741 operational amplifiers. Note that there is no ground pin. The ground is defined as the common
connection between the positive and negative DC supplies, which will be 15 V throughout this
experiment. This ground node must always be the common ground for all instruments and elements in
the circuit.
Note also that, whenever possible, the same operational amplifier should be used throughout this
experiment.
Page
Session

Linear Applications
Semester
3/8
2008/2009
2
Figure 1.2. Proper Connection of OpAmp with the Power Supplies.
3.0 PRELAB:
(a) Derive the gain formula for the Inverting and Noninverting amplifier circuits in Figure 1.3 and Figure
1.6 respectively and calculate their theoretical gains.
(b) What is the maximum input voltage that could be used to ensure linear operation of the inverting
and noninverting amplifier in Figure 1.3 and Figure 1.6 respectively?
(c) Prepare a table for Current-To-Voltage Converter in 5.0(c) to include the calculated and measured
values of Iin and Vout.
4.0
EQUIPMENT LIST
Op-amp 741
Resistors: 1 k, 1.8 k, 2.2 k, 10 k(2), 33 k, 100 k, 1 M
Capacitors: 0.0022 F, 0.0047 F, 10 F
Potentiometer: 50 k (2)
Dual DC power supply 15 V
Signal generator
Oscilloscope
Multimeter
Breadboard and jumper wires
5.0
Page
Session

Linear Applications
Semester
4/8
2008/2009
2
PROCEDURE :
LINEAR APPLICATIONS OF OP-AMP
(a) Inverting Amplifier
Construct the inverting op amp circuit shown in figure 1.3.
Figure 1.3 Inverting Amplifier
(i) Use R1 =1k and R2 = 33k. Experimentally verify the gain for a 100Hz sine wave.
Figure 1.4
Input and Output Waveform
Page
Session

Linear Applications
Semester
5/8
2008/2009
2
(ii) Calculate and measure the gain with R1 = 10kand R2 = 100k.
Figure 1.5
(iii) Compare the 2 calculated and measured gains.

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(iv) Why this circuit is called an inverting amplifier?
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(b) Noninverting Amplifier
Construct the noninverting amplifier shown in Figure 1.6
Page
Session

Linear Applications
Semester
6/8
2008/2009
2
Figure 1.6 Noninverting Amplifier
(i) Use R1 = 1kand R2 = 33k. Experimentally verify the gain relation.
Figure 1.7
(c) Current-To-Voltage Converter

An op amp can be used to produce a voltage proportional to a given current. Construct the circuit in
Figure 1.8.
Figure 1.8
(i)
Verify that Vout = -Iin R2 for this circuit. (That is, do the following for several voltage settings
on the variable power supply: Measure the supply voltage and from this calculate Iin . Use
the formula to calculate a theoretical Vout.
Page
Session

Linear Applications
Semester
7/8
2008/2009
2
Table 1
Vs
Iin =
Vout =
Vout (measured)
(calculated)
(ii)
Compare the theoretical and measured values of Vout.
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6.0
CONCLUSION
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Page
Session

Linear Applications
Semester
8/8
2008/2009
2

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Experiments Title: Operational Amplifier Circuits: