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The Worst of Both Worlds?

In the global-warming debate, theres a big gap between public rhetoric (which verges on hysteria) and public behavior (which indicates indifference). People say theyre worried but dont act that way. Greenhouse emissions continue to rise despite many earnest pledges to control them. Just last week, the United Nations reported that of the 41 countries it monitors (not including most developing nations), 34 had increased greenhouse emissions from 2000 to 2004. These include most countries committed to reducing emissions under the Kyoto Protocol.

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02. The reasons why greenhouse emissions had

increased in 34 countries out of 41, from 2000 to 2004, are 0-0) lack of cost-effective technologies that are politically viable. 1-1) acceptance of emissions cuts on the part of all of the most developed countries. 2-2) development of policies for economy growth, without much control of greenhouse gases. 3-3) the earnest concern of both developed and developing countries to control greenhouse gases. 4-4) absence of joint efforts of rich and poor countries to curb greenhouse gases. Resposta: VFVFV Justificativa: 0-0), 2-2) e 4-4) Verdadeiros. As razes por que as emisses de gases poluentes tinham aumentado, no perodo de 2000 a 2004, em 34 dos 41 pases monitorados pelas Naes Unidas, so: a falta de tecnologias econmica e politicamente viveis; o desenvolvimento de polticas para o crescimento econmico, sem muito controle de gases poluentes; e a ausncia de esforos conjuntos de pases ricos e pobres para controlar esses gases. 1-1) e 3-3) Falsos. A aceitao de cortes na emisso de gases por parte dos pases desenvolvidos e a sria preocupao tanto dos pases desenvolvidos como dos em desenvolvimento para controlar os gases poluentes no correspondem ao fato discutido no texto.

Why is this? Here are three reasons. First: With todays technologies, we dont know how to cut greenhouse gases in politically and economically acceptable ways. Second: In rich democracies, policies that might curb greenhouse gases require politicians and the public to act in exceptionally enlightened (read: unrealistic) ways. Third: Even if rich countries cut emissions, it wont make much difference unless poor countries do likewise and so far, theyve refused because that might jeopardize their economic growth and poverty-reduction efforts.

Unless we develop cost-effective technologies that break the link between carbon-dioxide emissions and energy use, we cant do much. Anyone serious about global warming must focus on technology and not just assume it. Otherwise, our practical choices are all bad: costly mandates and controls that harm the economy; or costly mandates and controls that barely affect greenhouse gases. Or, possibly, both.
(Adapted from The Worst of Both Worlds? NEWSWEEK November 13, 2006, page 45.)

03. In the authors opinion, what needs to be done to

decrease global warming is 0-0) to impose rigid controls in emissions, even if they harm the economy growth of developing countries. 1-1) to concentrate on technologies that work up well for both developed and developing countries. 2-2) to develop controls that highly reduce greenhouse gases. 3-3) to create means of developing cleaner and more cost-competitive energy sources. 4-4) to increase the link between carbon-dioxide emissions and energy use. Resposta: FVVVF Justificativa: 1-1), 2-2) e 3-3) Verdadeiros. Na opinio do autor, o que precisa ser feito para reduzir o aquecimento global : concentrar-se em tecnologias que funcionem tanto para pases desenvolvidos como para pases em desenvolvimento; desenvolver controles que reduzam sobremaneira gases poluentes; e criar formas de desenvolver fontes de energia mais limpas e mais competitivas economicamente falando. 0-0) e 4-4) Falsos. Criar formas de desenvolver fontes de energia mais limpas e mais viveis economicamente e aumentar o elo entre as

01. In accordance to the text, in the global-warming

debate, it is noticed that 0-0) there have been no agreements to control greenhouse emissions at all. 1-1) public rhetoric and public behavior diverge. 2-2) most countries that are committed to reducing emissions dont do so. 3-3) countries that are monitored by the United Nations follow the Kyoto Protocol strictly. 4-4) terrible consequences are foreseen if global warming isnt controlled. Resposta: FVVFV Justificativa: 1-1), 2-2) e 4-4) Verdadeiros. De acordo com o texto, no debate sobre aquecimento global, notase que, tanto a retrica quanto o comportamento pblico divergem. Alm disso, a maioria dos pases que esto empenhados em reduzir as emisses de gases poluentes no o fazem. Tambm terrveis conseqncias so previstas se o aquecimento global no for controlado. 0-0) e 3-3) Falsos. H acordos para controlar a emisso de gases poluentes, mas, infelizmente, a maioria dos pases que so monitorados pelas Naes Unidas no seguem o Protocolo de Kyoto

emisses do dixido de carbono e o uso de energia no condizem com o fato textual em apreo.

07. The word that, in: the United Nations reported that
of the 41 countries it monitors (paragraph 1); and in: because that might jeopardize their economic growth (paragraph 2), and in: costly mandates and controls that harm the economy (in paragraph 3), 0-0) functions differently in each phrase. 1-1) has equivalent meanings in the three examples. 2-2) is a conjunction in both, the first and the last examples. 3-3) functions as a demonstrative pronoun in the second example. 4-4) is a relative pronoun in the last example and refers only to controls. Resposta: VFFVF Justificativa: 0-0) e 3-3) Verdadeiros. A palavra that exerce funes gramaticais diferentes em cada frase. Na seqncia: conjuno, pronome demonstrativo e pronome relativo. 1-1), 2-2) e 4-4) Falsos. Como pronome relativo, refere-se tanto a mandates quanto a controls.

04. As a whole, the sentence Unless we develop costeffective technologies that break the link between carbon-dioxide emissions and energy use, we cant do much. expresses 0-0) prohibition. 1-1) condition. 2-2) prediction. 3-3) consequence. 4-4) concern. Resposta: FVVVV Justificativa: 1-1), 2-2), 3-3) e 4-4) Verdadeiros. Como um todo, a frase expressa condio, previso, conseqncia e preocupao. 0-0) Falso. Definitivamente, no h proibio no contexto.

05. In the phrase 34 had increased greenhouse

emissions from 2000 to 2004 (in paragraph 1), the verb tense had increased refers to 0-0) an action that began in the past and continues up to now. 1-1) an indefinite time in the past. 2-2) an action that happened in the past before another past action. 3-3) an action that is habitual. 4-4) two simultaneous actions in the past. Resposta: FFVFF Justificativa: 2-2) Verdadeiro. O tempo verbal past perfect refere-se a uma ao no passado que ocorreu anteriormente a outra ao. 0-0), 1-1), 3-3) e 4-4) Falsos. Essas aes no correspondem realidade do contexto.

08. In the sentence Anyone serious about global

warming must focus on technology and not just assume it. the modal must can be, adequately, substituted for: 0-0) should. 1-1) had to. 2-2) ought to. 3-3) has to. 4-4) would rather. Resposta: VFVVF Justificativa: 0-0), 2-2) e 3-3) Verdadeiros. O modal must pode ser, adequadamente, substitudo por modais que expressam, em maior ou menor escala, dever, algo obrigatrio, como: should, ought to e has to. 1-1) e 4-4) Falsos. A idia de passado expressa em had to inadequada neste contexto; would rather indica preferncia.

06. The ing words warming, in the global-warming,

including and developing, in not including most developing nations, function, in a row, as 0-0) noun adjective verb. 1-1) verb noun adjective. 2-2) adjective verb noun. 3-3) verb adjective noun. 4-4) noun verb adjective. Resposta: FFFFV Justificativa: 4-4) Verdadeiro. As palavras que terminam em -ing nesses exemplos funcionam, na seqncia, como substantivo,verbo e adjetivo. 0-0), 1-1). 2-2) e 3-3) Falsos. Estas opes no correspondem seqncia correta das funes gramaticais das palavras nos contextos em questo.

LINKED FOR LIFE

By the time I was born, my parents already knew that the charmed life they had dreamed of was over. Two years earlier, after my father returned from the war, they had brought home their first child, my brother Jimmy, who was deprived of oxygen in a difficult delivery at an Army hospital. There was no testing in those days for developmental problems, so only gradually did my parents discover how severe Jimmys brain damage was. Jimmy was never to be left alone, and we never went anywhere he couldnt go not to a movie, a museum or a play. So I urged the neighborhood kids to come to my house. They loved visiting us. It wasnt just the scrumptious food or the home-churned ice cream that drew them; it was the messy, kid-centered chaos. My parents took care of everything inside the house. In the morning, my mother would try to teach Jimmy practical things: how to brush his teeth (that was successful), tie a tie (that wasnt) or put a belt through his pant loops (a semi-success: back loops no, front loops yes.) I was left to patrol the perimeter: I quickly learned to dislike those who slight the weak or different or unlucky. Our small town in Pennsylvania had no schools for exceptional children. Then Jimmy started going to a sheltered workshop nearby, where the production of potholders and lanyards outstripped local demand, but occupied him nonetheless. At first, Jimmy looked around and didnt understand why he was there. But soon he was engaged in the activities and came to like them. From there, Jimmy went to work at the Navy depot in Mechanicsburg, where my father found him a job unloading color-coded boxes. His boss, Rod Hagy, looked after him very closely, and the 20 years he worked there were better than we could have hoped for when he was weaving place mats. As an adult, Jimmy had become closer to my father than to my mother. In 1991 when my father died, Jimmy was lost. He couldnt see how dad could walk out of the house with a cooler of beer and his clubs and not come back. My mother died of lung cancer six months later. Now I would be the one who had to look after Jimmy. He wanted to keep his job at the Navy depot and live in my parents house. He has done that for 11 years now, with a succession of caretakers. Hes become indispensable to the neighborhood. Leaves on your lawn? Jimmys got the leaf blower. Mail to be picked up, dogs need walking? Hes your man!
(Adapted from the Internet, Readers Digest, Linked for Life, by Margaret Carlson, April 2006.)

idade adulta, era mais ligado ao seu pai; sofreu carncia de oxignio durante o parto; nasceu em um hospital militar (do Exrcito); no foi examinado quanto possibilidade da existncia de problemas de desenvolvimento mental e/ou fsico, porque, naquela poca, tal procedimento no existia; e era portador de uma grave leso cerebral.

10. The neighborhood children

0-0) were strongly persuaded to come to Jimmys home. 1-1) took great pleasure in going and seeing Jimmy and his sister. 2-2) were attracted to the untidy atmosphere of Jimmys house. 3-3) enjoyed the very delicious food served at Jimmys. 4-4) didnt like Jimmys parents nor Ms. Carlson, his sister. Resposta: VVVVF Justificativa: 0-0), 1-1), 2-2) e 3-3} Verdadeiros. As crianas da vizinhana eram fortemente persuadidas a vir casa de Jimmy; adoravam visitar Jimmy e sua irm; eram atradas pela baguna (infantil) que reinava na casa de Jimmy; e apreciavam a deliciosa comida da casa dele. 4-4) Falso. A opo as crianas vizinhas no simpatizavam com os pais de Jimmy nem com sua irm, Ms. Carlson, falsa.

11. At Jimmy`s house,

0-0) his father and mother looked after the cooking and cleaning only. 1-1) he learned to brush his teeth well. 2-2) his mother would not succeed in teaching him how to tie a tie. 3-3) his sister, Ms. Carlson, would take care of his bedroom. 4-4) his sister learned not to approve of people who treat nonstandard ones rudely Resposta: FVVFV Justificativa: 1-1), 2-2) e 4-4) Verdadeiros. Na casa de Jimmy, ele aprendeu a escovar corretamente os seus dentes, sua me no era bem sucedida ao ensinar-lhe como dar um n na gravata e Ms. Carlson, a irm de Jimmy, aprendeu a rejeitar aquelas pessoas que tratam com rudeza ou desrespeito os portadores de deficincia fsica ou mental. 0-0) e 3-3) Falsos. Os itens seu pai e sua me se responsabilizavam apenas pela alimentao e limpeza e sua irm cuidava do quarto dele so incorretos.

09. Jimmy
0-0) 1-1) 2-2) 3-3) as a grown-up, got more attached to his father. was prevented from oxygen during his birth. was born at a military institution. wasnt checked for problems of the mind and/or body. 4-4) had a serious brain harm. Resposta: VVVVV Justificativa: Todas as questes so verdadeiras. Jimmy, na

12. Jimmys working activities were

0-0) 1-1) 2-2) 3-3) 4-4) making potholders and lanyards. removing the contents from color-coded boxes. lending potholders and lanyards. putting a full load in color-coded boxes. producing place mats.

Resposta: VVFFV Justificativa: 0-0), 1-1) e 4-4) Verdadeiros. Jimmy tinha como atividades de trabalho: a manufatura de pegadores de panelas quentes e cordas grossas e resistentes usadas nos navios; o descarregamento de caixas/caixotes identificados pela cor; e a produo de descansos de pratos e similares. 2-2) e 3-3) Falsos. O emprstimo de pegadores de panelas e de cordas grossas e resistentes e o carregamento de caixas/caixotes identificados pela cor no correspondem informao textual.

3-3) Jimmy and the neighborhood. 4-4) Jimmy and the reader. Resposta: FFFVF Justificativa: 3-3) Verdadeira. O pronome he e o adjetivo possessivo your referem-se, respectivamente, a: Jimmy e vizinhana. 0-0), 1-1), 2-2) e 4-4) Falsos. Os itens ao pai de Jimmy e ao seu vizinho do lado esquerdo; ao pai de Jimmy e ao seu vizinho do lado direito; ao tutor de Jimmy e ao seu vizinho favorito; e a Jimmy e ao leitor so inverdicos.

13. After his fathers death, Jimmy

0-0) used to get lost inside his own home, not knowing where, in fact, he was. 1-1) was rather mixed up. 2-2) wished to continue working at the Navy depot. 3-3) was unable to understand why his dad hadnt returned home that day. 4-4) never drank beer nor played golf anymore. Resposta: FVVVF Justificativa: 1-1), 2-2) e 3-3) Verdadeiros. Aps a morte do seu pai, Jimmy ficou um tanto confuso, perdido, desejava continuar trabalhando no almoxarifado da Marinha e era incapaz de compreender por que seu pai no havia retornado casa naquele dia. 0-0) e 4-4) Falsos. As opes: Jimmy costumava perder-se dentro de sua prpria casa, no reconhecendo onde, de fato, se encontrava, e nunca mais tomou cerveja nem jogou golfe so inadequadas.

16. The word so, in: There was no testing in those days
for developmental problems, so only gradually did my parents discover how severe Jimmys brain damage was. 0-0) indicates logical consequence. 1-1) is used as an adverb. 2-2) is equivalent in meaning to therefore. 3-3) expresses concession. 4-4) functions as a conjunction. Resposta: VFVFV Justificativa: 0-0) 2-2) e 4-4) Verdadeiros. No extrato Naquela poca no havia nenhum teste capaz de detectar quaisquer problemas de desenvolvimento motor e mental, ento, apenas aos poucos, foram os pais de Jimmy tomando conhecimento de quo grave era seu dano cerebral., a palavra so indica uma lgica, equivalente, em conseqncia significado, a therefore e funciona como uma conjuno. 1-1) e 3-3) Falsos. Neste contexto, so no exerce a funo de advrbio nem expressa a idia de concesso.

14. The word outstripped, in where the production of

potholders and lanyards outstripped local demand, is equivalent to: 0-0) was inferior to 1-1) fully satisfied 2-2) was greater than 3-3) was as stable as 4-4) didnt surpass Resposta: FFVFF Justificativa: 2-2) Verdadeira. A produo de pegadores de panelas quentes e de cordas grossas e resistentes superou a demanda local a opo correta. 0-0), 1-1), 3-3) e 4-4) Falsos. As opes: foi inferior a, satisfez completamente, foi to estvel quanto e no extrapolou a demanda local so incorretas.

15. In Hes your man the pronoun he and the

possessive adjective your refer, respectively, to: 0-0) Jimmys father and the left-side neighbor. 1-1) Jimmys father and the right-side neighbor. 2-2) Jimmys caretaker and Jimmys favorite neighbor.