ORACLE PLSQL COURSE CONTENT MOUNIINFOTECH@GMAIL.

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Introduction Course Objectives About PL/SQL PL/SQL Environment Benefits of PL/SQL Benefits of Subprograms Invoking Stored Procedures and Functions Summary 1 Declaring Variables PL/SQL Block Structure Executing Statements and PL/SQL Blocks Block Types Program Constructs Use of Variables Handling Variables in PL/SQL Types of Variables Using iSQL*Plus VariablesWithin PL/SQL Blocks Types of Variables Declaring PL/SQL Variables Guidelines for Declaring PL/SQL Variables Naming Rules Variable Initialization and Keywords Scalar Data Types Base Scalar Data Types Scalar Variable Declarations The %TYPE Attribute Declaring Variables with the %TYPE Attribute Declaring Boolean Variables Composite Data Types LOB Data Type Variables Bind Variables Using Bind Variables Referencing Non-PL/SQL Variables DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE 2 Writing Executable Statements PL/SQL Block Syntax and Guidelines Identifiers PL/SQL Block Syntax and Guidelines Commenting Code SQL Functions in PL/SQL SQL Functions in PL/SQL: Examples Data Type Conversion Nested Blocks and Variable Scope Identifier Scope Qualify an Identifier Determining Variable Scope Operators in PL/SQL Programming Guidelines Indenting Code

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3 Interacting with the Oracle Server SQL Statements in PL/SQL SELECT Statements in PL/SQL Retrieving Data in PL/SQL Naming Conventions Manipulating Data Using PL/SQL Inserting Data Updating Data Deleting Data Merging Rows Naming Conventions SQL Cursor SQL Cursor Attributes Transaction Control Statements 4 Writing Control Structures Objectives Controlling PL/SQL Flow of Execution IF Statements Simple IF Statements Compound IF Statements IF-THEN-ELSE Statement Execution Flow IF-THEN-ELSE Statements IF-THEN-ELSIF Statement Execution Flow IF-THEN-ELSIF Statements CASE Expressions CASE Expressions: Example Handling Nulls Logic Tables Boolean Conditions Iterative Control: LOOP Statements Basic Loops WHILE Loops FOR Loops Guidelines While Using Loops Nested Loops and Labels 5 Working with Composite Data Types Composite Data Types PL/SQL Records Creating a PL/SQL Record PL/SQL Record Structure The %ROWTYPE Attribute Advantages of Using %ROWTYPE The %ROWTYPE Attribute INDEX BY Tables Creating an INDEX BY Table INDEX BY Table Structure Creating an INDEX BY Table Using INDEX BY Table Methods INDEX BY Table of Records Example of INDEX BY Table of Records

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6 Writing Explicit Cursors About Cursors Explicit Cursor Functions Controlling Explicit Cursors Declaring the Cursor Opening the Cursor Fetching Data from the Cursor Closing the Cursor Explicit Cursor Attributes The %ISOPEN Attribute Controlling Multiple Fetches The %NOTFOUND and %ROWCOUNT Attributes Example Cursors and Records Cursor FOR Loops Cursor FOR Loops Using Subqueries 7 Advanced Explicit Cursor Concepts Cursors with Parameters The FOR UPDATE Clause The WHERE CURRENT OF Clause Cursors with Subqueries 8 Handling Exceptions Handling Exceptions with PL/SQL Handling Exceptions Exception Types Trapping Exceptions Trapping Exceptions Guidelines Trapping Predefined Oracle Server Errors Predefined Exceptions Trapping Nonpredefined Oracle Server Errors Nonpredefined Error Functions for Trapping Exceptions Trapping User-Defined Exceptions User-Defined Exceptions Calling Environments Propagating Exceptions The RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR Procedure RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR Summary Practice 8 Overview 9 Creating Procedures PL/SQL Program Constructs Overview of Subprograms Block Structure for Anonymous PL/SQL Blocks Block Structure for PL/SQL Subprograms PL/SQL Subprograms Benefits of Subprograms Developing Subprograms by Using iSQL*Plus Invoking Stored Procedures and Functions What Is a Procedure?

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Syntax for Creating Procedures Developing Procedures Formal Versus Actual Parameters Procedural Parameter Modes Creating Procedures with Parameters IN Parameters: Example OUT Parameters: Example Viewing OUT Parameters IN OUT Parameters Viewing IN OUT Parameters Methods for Passing Parameters DEFAULT Option for Parameters Examples of Passing Parameters Declaring Subprograms Invoking a Procedure from an Anonymous PL/SQL Block Invoking a Procedure from Another Procedure Handled Exceptions Unhandled Exceptions Removing Procedures 10 Creating Functions Overview of Stored Functions Syntax for Creating Functions Creating a Function Creating a Stored Function by Using iSQL*Plus Creating a Stored Function by Using iSQL*Plus: Example Executing Functions Executing Functions: Example Advantages of User-Defined Functions in SQL Expressions Invoking Functions in SQL Expressions: Example Locations to Call User-Defined Functions Restrictions on Calling Functions from SQL Expressions Restrictions on Calling from SQL Removing Functions Procedure or Function? Comparing Procedures and Functions Benefits of Stored Procedures and Functions Summary Practice 10 Overview 11 Managing Subprograms Required Privileges Granting Access to Data Using Invoker's-Rights Managing Stored PL/SQL Objects USER_OBJECTS List All Procedures and Functions USER_SOURCE Data Dictionary View List the Code of Procedures and Functions USER_ERRORS Detecting Compilation Errors: Example List Compilation Errors by Using USER_ERRORS

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List Compilation Errors by Using SHOW ERRORS ESCRIBE in iSQL*Plus Debugging PL/SQL Program Units 12 Creating Packages Overview of Packages Components of a Package Referencing Package Objects Developing a Package Creating the Package Specification Declaring Public Constructs Creating a Package Specification: Example Creating the Package Body Public and Private Constructs Creating a Package Body: Example Invoking Package Constructs Declaring a Bodiless Package Referencing a Public Variable from a Stand-Alone Procedure Removing Packages Guidelines for Developing Packages Advantages of Packages 13 Creating Database Triggers Types of Triggers Guidelines for Designing Triggers Database Trigger: Example Creating DML Triggers DML Trigger Components Firing Sequence Syntax for Creating DML Statement Triggers Creating DML Statement Triggers Testing SECURE_EMP Using Conditional Predicates Creating a DML Row Trigger Creating DML Row Triggers Using OLD and NEW Qualifiers Using OLD and NEW Qualifiers: Example Using Audit_Emp_Table Restricting a Row Trigger INSTEAD OF Triggers Creating an INSTEAD OF Trigge Differentiating Between Database Triggers and Stored Procedures Differentiating Between Database Triggers and Form Builder Triggers Managing Triggers DROP TRIGGER Syntax Trigger Test Cases Trigger Execution Model and Constraint Checking Trigger Execution Model and Constraint Checking: Example A Sample Demonstration for Triggers Using Package Constructs After Row and After Statement Triggers Demonstration: VAR_PACK Package Specification

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