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Gaussian Elimination of A 4x5 Matrix A

The document summarizes the steps to perform Gaussian elimination on a 4x5 matrix A to put it into reduced row echelon form. It involves dividing rows by their leading elements to make them 1, then subtracting appropriate row multiples from other rows to make the entries below leading elements 0. This results in a matrix with the solutions X1, X2, X3, X4 along the last column.

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Shahram Hawrami
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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697 views7 pages

Gaussian Elimination of A 4x5 Matrix A

The document summarizes the steps to perform Gaussian elimination on a 4x5 matrix A to put it into reduced row echelon form. It involves dividing rows by their leading elements to make them 1, then subtracting appropriate row multiples from other rows to make the entries below leading elements 0. This results in a matrix with the solutions X1, X2, X3, X4 along the last column.

Uploaded by

Shahram Hawrami
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gaussian Elimination of a 4x5 Matrix A

A=
20
6
10
12

5
15
7
5

12
9
23
4

8
7
42
3

9
52
8
21

First we divide the first row by 20 to get a pivot of 1 at the


A (1,1) spot:
A=
1 0.25
6
15
10 7
12 5

0.6
9
23
4

0.4
7
42
3

0.45
52
8
21

Then we need to get a 0 just below the first pivot. To do


this we must multiply the first row by -6 and add it to the
second row.
A=
1
0
10
12

0.25
13.5
7
5

0.6
5.4
23
4

0.4
4.6
42
3

0.45
49.3
8
21

Then we must get a 0 in the 3rd row of the first column


underneath the first pivot. To do this we must multiply the
first row by -10 and add it to the third row.

A=
1
0
0
12

0.25
13.5
4.5
5

0.6
5.4
17
4

0.4
4.6
38
3

0.45
49.3
3.5
21

Then we must get a 0 in the 4th row of the first column. To


do this we must multiply the first row by -12 and add it to
the 4th row.
A=
1
0
0
0

0.25
13.5
4.5
2

0.6
5.4
17
-3.2

0.4
4.6
38
-1.8

0.45
49.3
3.5
15.6

Now we have to get a pivot in the second column at the A


(2,2) spot to do this we must divide the second row by
13.5.
A=
1
0
0
0

0.25
1
4.5
2

0.6
0.4
17
-3.2

0.4
46/135
38
-1.8

0.45
493/135
3.5
15.6

Then we have to get a 0 underneath the second pivot to do


this we must multiply the 2nd row by -4.5 and add it to the
3rd row.

A=
1
0
0
0

0.25
1
0
2

0.6
0.4
15.2
-3.2

0.4
46/135
547/15
-1.8

0.45
493/135
-194/15
15.6

Then we must get a 0 underneath the second column in the


forth row. To do this we must multiply the second row by -2
and add it to the 4th row.
A=
1
0
0
0

0.25
1
0
0

0.6
0.4
15.2
-4

0.4
46/135
547/15
-67/27

0.45
493/135
-194/15
218/27

Now we must get a pivot point of 1 at the A(3,3) spot of the


matrix. We must divide the 3rd row by 15.2.
A=
1
0
0
0

0.25
1
0
0

0.6
0.4
1
-4

0.4
46/135
547/228
-67/27

0.45
493/135
-97/114
218/27

Then we have to get a 0 under the 3rd pivot point. To do


this we must multiply the 3rd row by 4 and add it to the 4th
row.

A=
1
0
0
0

0.25
1
0
0

0.6
0.4
1
0

0.4
46/135
547/228
3650/513

0.45
493/135
-97/114
2396/513

Now we must get a pivot point of 1 in the 4th column of the


4th row. To do this we must multiply the fourth row by the
reciprocal of 3650/513 which is 513/3650.
A=
1
0
0
0

0.25
1
0
0

0.6
0.4
1
0

0.4
46/135
547/228
1

0.45
493/135
-97/114
1198/1825

To make this into a Row Echelon form matrix we must get


0's above the pivot as well. To do this we must divide the
2nd row by -4 and add it to the first row.
A=
1
0
0
0

0
1
0
0

0.5
0.4
1
0

17/54
46/135
547/228
1

-25/54
493/135
-97/114
1198/1825

Now we must get a 0 in the 3rd column of the first row to


do this we must divide the 3rd row by -2 and add it to the
first row.

A=
1
0
0
0

0
1
0
0

0
0.4
1
0

-3370/3809
46/135
547/228
1

-77/2052
493/135
-97/114
1198/1825

Now we must get a 0 in the 4th column of the first row. To


do this we must multiply the 4th row by 3370/3809 and add
it to the first row.
A=
1
0
0
0

0
1
0
0

0
0.4
1
0

0
46/135
547/228
1

427/786
493/135
-97/114
1198/1825

Now we must get a 0 in the third colum of the second row.


To do this we must multiply the third row by -2/5 and add it
to the second row.
A=
1
0
0
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
-635/1026
547/228
1

427/786
2048/513
-97/114
1198/1825

Now we must get a zero in the third column of the second


row. To do this we must multiply the 4th row by 635/1026
and add it to the second row .

A=
1
0
0
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
547/228
1

427/786
14449/3285
-97/114
1198/1825

Now We must get a zero in the 4th column of the third row
for this matrix to be in row echelon form to do this we must
multiply the 4th row by -547/228 and add that to the 3rd
row.
A=
1
0
0
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

X1
X2
X3

X4

427/786
14449/3285
-4427/1825
1198/1825

=
=
=
=

427/786
14449/3285
-4427/1825
1198/1825

clc
clear all
a=[20 5 12 8 9;6 15 9 7 52;10 7 23 42 8;12 5
4 3 21]
for i=1:4
for j=5:-1:1
a(i,j)=a(i,j)/a(i,i);
end
for k=1:4
for m=5:-1:1
if k ~= i
a(k,m)=a(k,m)(a(k,i)*a(i,m));
end
end
end
end
disp('x1='),a(1,5)
disp('x2='),a(2,5)
disp('x3='),a(3,5)
disp('x4='),a(4,5)

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