Objects

and Classes 3
Happy New Year J

CMSC22 OOP

Objec:ves
Review of Objects and Classes Class Members
Instance variables/methods Class variables/methods

Types of Classes Classes on other OOPLs.

Review: Classes
Classes dene the proper:es and behaviors (methods) objects that belong to it have. A Class is a structure composed of
ANributes (instance and class variables Methods/Opera:on that manipulate the data (instance and class methods)

 public class Car{ String color; String platenumber; int speed; //constructor with parameters for ini2aliza2on public Car(String nplatenumber, String ncolor){ platenumber = nplatenumber; color = ncolor; } public void stop() { speed = 0; } }

public class CarExample{ public sta:c void main(String args[]){ //pass the parameters to the constructor Car car1 = new Car(XYZ123,RED); Car car2 = new Car(ABC456,GREEN); } }

Using Constructors with Parameters

Car. java
Car String platenumber; String color; int speed; stop() accelerate(int) repaint(String)

Program

car1 platenumber: XYZ123 color: Red speed: 0 stop() accelerate(int) repaint(String)

car1 platenumber: ABC456 color: Green speed: 0 stop() accelerate(int) repaint(String)

Addi:onal Terms:
Instance aNribute /variable
ANribute specic to an instance/object. Each object of the class have the same set of proper:es BUT may have dierent values for each property.

Instance method/opera:on
Method where the result of which is dependent on the current state of the object in ques:on.

Declaring an Instance Variable/ Instance Method

public class Car{ String color; //Instance Variables String platenumber; int speed; public void stop(){ //Instance Methods speed = 0; } }

Car. java
Car String platenumber; String color; int speed;

Program

stop()

car1 platenumber: XYZ123 color: Red speed: 0 stop()

car1 platenumber: ABC456 color: Green speed: 0 stop()

Accessing instance aNributes and methods of an object (Java Style)

Instance ANributes
<object variable> . <property>; Ex. car1.color;

Instance Method Invoca:on

<object variable> . <methodname>(<param>); Ex. car1. stop();

Addi:onal Terms
Class aNribute/variable
ANribute that is common to/reected in all objects in the class. I.e. Global (but not exactly).

Class method/opera:on
Method that is common to all objects of the class and that the result of which is NOT :ed to any par:cular instance of the class.

Declaring an Instance Variable/ Instance Method

public class Car{ String color; String platenumber; int speed; sta2c int numberOfCars; //Class Variable public sta2c int getNumberOfCars(){ return numberOfCars; //ClassMethod } }

Car. java
Car String platenumber; String color; int speed; Int numberOfCars; stop() getNumberOfCars()

Program

car1 platenumber: XYZ123 color: Red speed: 0 stop()

car1 platenumber: ABC456 color: Green speed: 0 stop()

Accessing class aNributes and methods of an object (Java Style)

Class ANributes
<classname> . <property>; Ex. Car.numberOfCars;

Class Method Invoca:on

<classname> . <methodname>(<param>); Ex. Car. getNumberOfCars();

Also
Instance methods can access instance variables and instance methods directly. Instance methods can access class variables and class methods directly. Class methods can access class variables and class methods directly. Class methods cannot access instance variables or instance methods directly

Note on Destructors
Destructors
Specialized methods that deallocate memory. May be implicitly or explicitly called (i.e. in C++) Java doesnt have destructors because of its auto garbage collec:on features.

Note
Reusability
Usefulness of the class/objects in more than one object.

Types of Classes
En2tyClasses / DataClasses
Classes whose objects encapsulate the data used in a system Data-related objects. E.g. String, Student, Car

Types of Classes
U2lityClasses
Classes that maintain u:lity methods and usually are not instan:atable java.lang.Math

Types of Classes
Singleton Objects {Class}
Object when instan:ated, no other object of the same class exists in the given context. E.g. java.lang.System

Types of Classes
ControlClasses,View(Interface)Classes
Control Classes for Logic View Classes for the User Interface

CLASSES ON OTHER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Create a Class
Four instance variables Two class variables Three instance methods One class method

Summary: Some ques:ons?

What is a class? What is an object? What is abstrac:on? What are the members of a class? What is the dierence between an instance method/variable and a class method/variable? What are constructors/destructors?