Research in MAPEH IV

(Safety Measures)

Guia Jane T. Caisip IV-Del Pilar Ms. Torres

Safety is the state of being "safe" (from French sauf), the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety can also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or economical losses. It can include protection of people or of possessions. There are two slightly different meanings of safety. For example, home safety may indicate a building's ability to protect against external harm events (such as weather, home invasion, etc.), or may indicate that its internal installations (such as appliances, stairs, etc.) are safe (not dangerous or harmful) for its inhabitants. Discussions of safety often include mention of related terms. Security is such a term. With time the definitions between these two have often become interchanged, equated, and frequently appear juxtaposed in the same sentence. Readers unfortunately are left to conclude whether they comprise a redundancy. This confuses the uniqueness that should be reserved for each by itself. When seen as unique, as we intend here, each term will assume its rightful place in influencing and being influenced by the other. Safety is the condition of a steady state of an organization or place doing what it is supposed to do. What it is supposed to do is defined in terms of public codes and standards, associated architectural and engineering designs, corporate vision and mission statements, and operational plans and personnel policies. For any organization, place, or function, large or small, safety is a normative concept. It complies with situation-specific definitions of what is expected and acceptable. Using this definition, protection from a homes external threats and protection from its internal structural and equipment failures (see Meanings, above) are not two types of safety but rather two aspects of a homes steady state. In the world of everyday affairs, not all goes as planned. Some entitys steady state is challenged. This is where security science, which is of more recent date, enters. Drawing from the definition of safety, then: Security is the process or means, physical or human, of delaying, preventing, and otherwise protecting against external or internal, defects, dangers, loss, criminals, and other individuals or actions that threaten, hinder or destroy an organizations steady state, and deprive it of its intended purpose for being. Using this generic definition of safety it is possible to specify the elements of a security program.

Types of Safety It is important to distinguish between products that meet standards, that are safe, and those that merely feel safe. The highway safety community uses these terms: Normative safety Normative safety is a term used to describe products or designs that meet applicable design standards and protection. Substantive safety Substantive, or objective safety means that the real-world safety history is favorable, whether or not standards are met. Perceived safety Perceived, or subjective safety refers to the level of comfort of users. For example, traffic signals are perceived as safe, yet under some circumstances, they can increase traffic crashes at an intersection. Traffic roundabouts have a generally favorable safety record[2] yet often make drivers nervous. Low perceived safety can have costs. For example, after the 9/11/2001 attacks, many people chose to drive rather than fly, despite the fact that, even counting terrorist attacks, flying is safer than driving. Perceived risk discourages people from walking and bicycling for transportation, enjoyment or exercise, even though the health benefits outweigh the risk of injury[3]. Security Also called social safety or public safety, security is the risk of harm due to intentional criminal acts such as assualt, burglary or vandalism. Because of the moral issues involved, security is of higher importance to many people than substantive safety. For example, a death due to murder is considered worse than a death in a car crash, even though in many countries, traffic deaths are more common than homicides.

Safety Measures n.pl actions (e.g., use of glasses, face masks) taken to protect patients and office personnel from such known hazards as particles and aerosols from high-speed rotary instruments, mercury vapor, radiation exposure, anesthetic and sedative gases, falls, inadequate sterilization, cuts, puncture wounds, and laboratory accidents. Safety Measures Safety measures are activities and precautions taken to improve safety, i.e. reduce risk related to human health. Common safety measures include:

Chemical analysis Destructive testing of samples Drug testing of employees, etc. Examination of activities by specialists to minimize physical stress or increase productivity Geological surveys to determine whether land or water sources are polluted, how firm the ground is at a potential building site, etc. Government regulation so suppliers know what standards their product is expected to meet. Industry regulation so suppliers know what level of quality is expected. Industry regulation is often imposed to avoid potential government regulation. Instruction manuals explaining how to use a product or perform an activity Instructional videos demonstrating proper use of products* Root cause analysis to identify causes of a system failure and correct deficiencies. Periodic evaluations of employees, departments, etc. Physical examinations to determine whether a person has a physical condition that would create a problem. Safety margins/Safety factors. For instance, a product rated to never be required to handle more than 200 pounds might be designed to fail under at least 400 pounds, a safety factor of two. Higher numbers are used in more sensitive applications such as medical or transit safety. Self-imposed regulation of various types. Implementation of standard protocols and procedures so that activities are conducted in a known way. Statements of Ethics by industry organizations or an individual company so its employees know what is expected of them. Stress testing subjects a person or product to stresses in excess of those the person or product is designed to handle, to determining the "breaking point". Training of employees, vendors, product users Visual examination for dangerous situations such as emergency exits blocked because they are being used as storage areas. Visual examination for flaws such as cracks, peeling, loose connections. X-ray analysis to see inside a sealed object such as a weld, a cement wall or an airplane outer skin.

Laboratory Safety When you study Chemistry you would probably have to do experiments. It is important to know what you're doing as to avoid doing something silly like poisoning yourself or blowing up the lab! Therefore you should first read and understand the below rules about working and behaving in the laboratory before doing any experiments. *you should also note that in the first level of our career game you would have to pass a basic laboratory safety test before going onto the next level. 1. Never enter the laboratory unless a teacher is present. 2. Never run or play in the laboratory. 3. Never remove anything from the laboratory without your teacher's permission. 4. Never use your bare hands to transfer chemicals. Use a spatula instead. 5. Never leave experiments unattended. 6. Never smell gases directly - fan a little of the gas towards the nose instead. 7. Never look directly down the test tube or poing the mouth of a test tube towards anyone when heating. 8. Never taste anything without your teacher's permission. 9. No eating or drinking in the laboratory. 10. Never put solids in the sink. 11. Always follow strictly the instructions given. 12. Wear safety glasses whenever necessary. 13. Always read the label on a reagent bottle carefully to make sure it contains the chemical you want. Put the bottle in its original place immediately after use. 14. Always handle flammable liquids with great care and keep them away from naked flames. 15. Always handle concentrated acids and alkalis with great care.

16. Report all accidents and breakage to your teacher. If any chemicals get onto your skin or clothing, wash the affected area with a large amount of water and then report it to your teacher. 17. Always adjust the Bunsen burner to give a luminous flame when not using it (or just simply turn it off) 18. Always tie up your tie or long hair. 19. Always wash hands after experiments. 20. Don't eat anything you find in the laboratory or in the laboratory freezer!