Reading A Retrieved Reformation Vocabulary

clemency n., forgiveness; leniency. As it was his first offense, the judge exercised clemency by assigning him community service work. rehabilitate v, Restore to a good standing. The prison warden hopes Jimmy will rehabilitate himself. Elusive adj. Hard to catch. The safe cracker was elusive; thee detective found it difficult to catch him. Anguish n emotional pain. The thought of losing someone dear cause Jimmy great anguish. compulsory adj., mandatory, required; forced. The class is compulsory; you cant graduate if you dont take it. eminent adj., renowned; distinguished. In her small town, Emma was eminent for her delicious pies. confederate n., partner, accomplice. Marge rounded up some confederates to help plan the event. retribution n., punishment for a specific act. Your retribution for lying is that people will be less likely to trust you. platform n., statement of principles on which a group or person stands. When asked for her opinion, she delivered a long speech on her moral and ethical platform. convulsion n., violent, involuntary spasm of the muscles. After the long race in the heat, the athlete experienced temporary convulsions : By O. Henri

Complete the following sentences with suitable words from the list.
retribution convulsion- eminent-elusive- platform compulsory- clemency rehabilitate- anguish confederate
1- He is sometimes unable to drive due to muscles convulsions .. 2- The president gave his speech from the platform 3- People are asking for retribution .. for the terrorists. 4- Most professional thieves work with no confederates . 5- eminent . people are sure to secure high positions in life. 6- Military service is compulsory in some countries. 7- Losing someone dear can cause great anguish . 8- Policemen try their best to catch elusive .. criminal. 9- Our manager show no clemency with those who disagree with him. 10-Criminals are given a second chance to rehabilitate themselves.

Choose the correct answer.

Q.1) A . B . C . Q.2) A . B . C . Q.3) A . B . C . Q.4) A . B . C . Q.5) A . B . C .

what does Jimmy Valentine do in prison that helps him when he decides to go straight?
He gets a new suit of clothes He works in the prison shoe-shop he makes friends with the warden

How do the prison wardens words to Jimmy provide a clue to the surprise ending of A Retrieved Reformation?
He says Jimmy is an "innocent" victim. He says Jimmy is "not a bad fellow at heart" He praises Jimmy for having friends in "high-toned society"

which of Jimmys actions gives a clue to his plans when he is released from prison?
He goes to a restaurant and has a chicken dinner. He returns to his room and picks up his burglars tools. He offers to give a friend his suitcase of tools.

What does this description of Jimmy after his release from prison tell you about his character?
Jimmy is wearing a disguise so Ben Price wont find him. Jimmy is neat and likes to dress well. Jimmy wants to make people think he has changed.

What happens in Arkansas that makes Jimmy become another man?

Ben Price catches up to Jimmy. Jimmy hides from the authorities for a year. Jimmy falls in love.

Q.6) How A

might Annabel Adamss father feel about Ralph if he knew the young man was really Jimmy Valentine?
Mr. Adams would admire Jimmy for his clean work

. B . C.

Mr. Adams would respect Jimmy for knowing people in high society. Mr. Adams would despise Jimmy for being a safe cracker.

Q.7) Why is A . B . C . Q.8) A . B . C .

Ralph Spencer the phoenix that arose from Jimmy Valentines ashes in A Retrieved Reformation?
Jimmy gave up his life of crime and gave himself a new name Jimmy pretended to be dead in order to escape Ben Price. Ralph Spencer died when Annabel learned he had been a burglar.

Which situation is not a sign of Jimmys changed life in A Retrieved Reformation?

Jimmys shoe store is flourishing Jimmy is engaged to Annabel Adams. Jimmy has kept his suitcase of burglary tools.

Q.9) Why does A . B . C . Q.10) A . B . C . Q.11) A . B . C . D

Jimmy ask Annabel for the rose shes wearing before he cracks open the safe?

He hopes the rose will bring him good luck as he tries to save the little girl. He plans to use the rose as one of the tools to help get the safe open. He knows he will have to leave town, and he wants the rose to remember her by.

Why does Ben Price not arrest Jimmy Valentine?

He admires Jimmys abilities as a safe cracker. He thinks Jimmy is really Ralph Spencer. He knows Jimmy exposed his past in order to save the child.

A Mr. Ben Price , the one determined to catch Jimmy, is the one who __________________ . exposed his past. help rehabilitate him. revealed the truth about Jimmy. Warned Mr. Adams against

Jimmy.

Answer the following questions

1- What does the conversation between Jimmy and the warden tell us about Jimmy?

Jimmys denial to all his bad deeds show how elusive he is ,and he has no intention to live straight.

2- What is the wardens advice to Jimmy?

He advised Jimmy to live straight and make a good fellow of himself as he isnt a bad fellow at heart.

3- In your opinion, how does the authority help Jimmy rehabilitate himself?

They dressed him in a fine taste suit and gave him a five dollars bill to help him rehabilitate himself.

4- What motivation does Jimmy have for retrieving his suitcase?

He is resuming his old job of safe cracking.

5- What did Ben Price infer from the series of safecracking?

From the safe cracking style Ben Price is sure that Valentine is back again to safe cracking.

6- Explain the change which jimmy experiences during his stay in Elmore and the motivation beyond it.

Jimmy is reborn again as a straight kind man, a man who is ready to sacrifice for others. The reason behind that is that he has fallen in love.

7- Jimmys letter writing shows the rebirth of jimmys real character How far do you agree to this point?

I totally agree to this point as his collection of burglary is so precious to him and he wont spare them for nothing but for his new rebirth.

8- Jimmy knows he may get caught if he opens the safe. Why do you think he opens it anyway? He exposed his past to rescue the girl trapped inside as he is sure no one else will do nothing about this situation. 9- Why doesnt Ben Price arrest Valentine at the end? Ben Price knows that Valentine starts rehabilitating himself and he has exposed his past trying to rescue the trapped girl so letting Valentine free is smart enough of a man like Ben Price.

The Tell Tale heart

Edgar Allan Poe A) Match the Vocabulary word on the left with the definition on the right. On the line provided, write the letter of the definition on the right. c ____1. acute d ____2. vexed b ____3. refrained e ____4. wary a ____5. audacity h ____6. suavity i ____7. sagacity j ____8. vehemently g ____9. derision f ____10. gesticulations a. boldness b. held back c. sharp d. disturbed e. cautious f. gestures g. ridicule h. smoothness i. wisdom j. forcefully

B) Complete each sentence with a word from the Word Bank. supposition / audacity / vexed / cunningly / derision / acute / gesticulations / wary / sagacity / refrained / vehemently 1. The narrator's nervousness increased his __acute__ sense of hearing. He could hear really well. 2. The narrator was ___ vexed __ by the old man's eye. It disturbed him greatly. 3. He thought his mad idea showed intelligence and ____ sagacity___. 4. But he still held back and ___ refrained__ from taking action. 5. To drown out the sound of the beating heart, he spoke louder, more forcefully, and __ vehemently____. 6. The thief ___ cunningly ___ made his way past the security guard. 7. Joe planned the picnic under the ____ supposition_ that it would not rain. 8. His violent gesticulations .did not disturb the police officers. 9. He was too waryto make a careless mistake. 10. He hated the smiling derision.of the police. 11. He was impressed with his own.. audacity..

C) On the line provided, write the letter of the best answer to each of the following items. ______1. When the story opens, the narrator is saying

A) he is not insane B) the old man is cruel to him C) he is insane D) he is very confused

______2. As the narrator enters the old mans room on the eighth night,

F)

the old man wakes up

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G) the old man continues sleeping H) dogs begin to howl J) the wind begins to moan

______3. What bothers the narrator about the old man?

A) The old mans snoring upsets him. B) The old mans eye disturbs him. C) The old man keeps talking about his fortune. D) The old man wont leave the house.

_____4. Why do the police come to the house?

F)

The narrator called them.

G) The old man had asked the police to check on him every once in a while. H) A neighbor reported hearing a shriek. J) They suspect the narrator has committed a crime.

______5. How do the police respond to the narrator?

A) They accuse him of murdering the old man. B) They continue to chat calmly while he foams and raves. C) They believe that he is insane and ignore him. D) They believe his story and leave quickly.
______6. The narrator confesses to the police because he

F)

believes they must hear the heartbeat through the floor

G) wants to convince them that he is sane H) regrets what he has done and wants to turn himself in J) thinks the murder will make him famous

______7. Which of the following details provides the strongest evidence that the narratoris insane?

A)

After the murder, he tells a clever lie to the police.

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B) C) D)

The sight of the pale blue eye drives him to murder the old man. He is very cautious about entering the old mans room. He explains that he is very nervous and his hearing is very sensitive.

______8. Which of the following details reveals that the speaker is an unreliable narrator?

F)

The narrator loves the old man and treats him kindly.

G) The narrator hears sounds that exist only in his own mind. H) The narrator reveals that he lied to the police. J) The narrator explains why he lied to the police.
______9. The narrator believes that

A) B) C) D)

the police are the villains who really killed the old man the old man is really alive the old mans heart is beating under the floorboards he will inherit all the old mans money

______10. The heartbeat symbolizes ..

A) the police officers cleverness B) the old mans eye C) the narrators own guilt D) a watch wrapped in cotton

______11. The narrator would show verbal irony if he told the police that

F ) he is calm G) he knows how the old man feels H) he is very nervous J) they do not know where the old man is buried

______12. The story shows situational irony when the

A) B)

narrator reveals that he committed the murder narrator cuts the old mans body apart
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C) D)

narrator hides the old mans body old man is revealed to be alive

______13. What does the task refer to when the narrator says, So I set about the task?

A) bringing the Old Man tea B) covering up the Old Mans eye C) scaring the Old Man with a bright light D) killing the Old Man

______14. Which of the following does the narrator do LAST?

A) He sneaks into the Old Mans bedroom. B) He hears the Old Mans heart. C) He sees the Old Mans eye. D) He shines his lantern.

______15. When the police first arrive, how does the narrator feel?

A surprised B worried C confident D annoyed

______16. At the end of the play, the sound the villainous narrator hears could be any of the following EXCEPT:

A) the Old Mans heart continuing to beat. B) his own heartbeat. C) his imagination. D) his guilty conscience.

______17. In what way has the old man previously wronged the narrator?

A)

in absolutely no way
9

B) C) D)

by cheating him in business by humiliating him in public by refusing to lend him money

______18. An image that signals the approaching death of the old man is

A.) B) C) D)

a broken glass. a torn portrait. a black shadow. a black widow spider.

______19. The narrator compares the lantern's ray falling on the eye to.

A.) B) C) D)

a raindrop. a diving eagle. a spider's thread. an arrow shot from a bow.

______20. An important example of sound imagery in the story is

A) B) C) D)

a train whistle. a watch's ticking. the chirping of birds. the cascading of water.

D) Answer each question below. 1. Why does the narrator confess his crime to the police officers at the end of the story?

The sound of the beating heart becomes unbearable so he confesses. He believes they must hear the unbearable heartbeat through the floor
2. To whom could the narrator be telling this horrible story? He may be talking to a detective, a reporter, a friend, a judge, an attorney, his doctor, or a priest.

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3. The narrators gender in that story is still a vexing question. But the balance is swerving into being a male. Explain. The actions of the story most likely refer to a male murderer because of the physical fitness needed to accomplish such a task, females are emotional by their nature rather than tough, and the etiquette of bringing the chairs to the officers proves the idea being a male. 4. What can you infer about the narrators character? He is very disturbed; he suffers from extreme anxiety; he fears nameless terrors; he is irrational- feeling pity, yet chuckling at the thought of the old mans terror.

5. Why is the story calledThe Tell-Tale Heart? The title may refer to the heart of the narrator telling the tale of horror; it may be the heart of the old man telling the tale of fear. 6. Mood, or atmosphere, is the overall feeling in a story. How would you describe the mood of this story? What details does Poe use to create that mood? The mood is eerie and chilling. Details include the eye, the narrator's bizarre nature, and the darkness of the setting. 7. Poe creates suspense in the story. Explain how, Giving examples. Poe creates suspense in the story using different ways such as (1) foreshadowing - "I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him.", (2) pacing - the narrator describes the murder over several pages; (3) dangerous action - the narrator invites the police officer to sit directly above the dead body. 8. Why do you think Poe does not name the narrator of the story? The unnamed narrator becomes every human being, thereby enhancing the universality of the short story. In other words, the narrator represents anyone who has ever acted perversely or impulsivelyand then had to pay for his deed. 9. The guilt of the narrator is a major theme in The Tell-Tale Heart. Explain. The story is about a mad person who, after killing a companion for no apparent reason, hears an interminable heartbeat and releases his overwhelming sense of guilt by shouting his confession to the police.

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A Shot at it By Esmeralda Santiago Summary

In "A Shot at It," Esmeralda is called to the counselor's office of her school and asked what she wants to do when she grows up. He is looking for a school that would fit her needs and help further any aspirations she has. He suggests nursing which she casts aside. She tells him one day that she wants to be a model and when he suggests acting, she agrees. He sets up an audition and she spends hours with various teachers helping her prepare for the event. She's to perform a monologue at PA 66, a school for performing arts. Though she doesn't understand all the words, she practices until she can speak it perfectly, learning only the phonetics. She's so nervous that she rattles off her three-minute part in less than a minute and there are few intelligible words and fewer that are correct. Esmeralda's asked to wait for the panel to give her the final result of her audition but the panel suggested that they will send the results to the school in a few weeks time.

Genre: Autobiography
An autobiography is the story of ones life as written by oneself. Setting In Brooklyn, New York, fourteen-year-old Esmeralda longs to make a better life for herself. Characters Esmeralda ,a fourteen-year-old girl Mami : Esmeraldas mother Mr. Barone , guidance and counselor at school. Mr. Gatti , a teacher of English Mrs. Johnson , Home Economic teacher mesmerized v. used as adj.: spellbound; hypnotized. When people are mesmerized by something, they cant take their eyes off of it. Its as if theyre hypnotized. When Bianca went to the circus, she was absolutely mesmerized by the high wire act. impeccably adv.: flawlessly. If a man is impeccably dressed, he has taken great care to make sure that everything he is Many people are petrified of spiders and will stop in their tracks because they are so scared. 12

Isolation n.: loneliness , separation, segregation. Esmeralda suffers isolation the moment she expresses her refusal to help others. Contradict V. : oppose, disagree with Normal peoples behaviors never contradict with their words. Monologue n. : a speech you make to yourself. The new singer has to perform a monologue to show his singing talent. Audition n.: a try out, trial, test. Anyone who dreams to be an actress must perform an audition to show the skills he or she processes. Panel n.: team, jury , group Esmeralda will do her monologue in front of a panel. Shatter (v .) smash , break , ruin The glass vase fell to the ground and shattered into pieces. Delicate (adj.) fragile, frail, weak We have to handle delicate things with care for fear that losing them. Mentor (n.) guide , tutor, counselor, advisor. A mentors comments are very vital for your progress as a learner. Exercises ------1-We all looked when the magician split the woman in tow halves a. memorized b. mesmerized c. self-contained ------2-Vidals car was so impeccably maintained that the windows __________________ a- were still dirty b- were sparkling c- were broken ------3-If someone is petrified of the dark, which of the following will that person avoid? a. sitting outside in the sun b. sleeping with a night light c. staying in a dark room ------4-One of the challenges we sometimes have to go through is avoiding a. audition b. isolation c. monologue ------5-I cant trust this liars as their actions their thoughts. a. divert 13

b. contradict c. stresses ------6-A helps you shift from being an a mature to a professional. a. partner b. mentor c. panel ----7- Issues are to be handled with due care. a. Impeccable b. Delicate c. Mesmerized ----8- The ship gave a rough roll and the glass windows a. expanded b. shattered c. petrified ----9- Some of the people who experience embarrassing isolation have shown self - a. petrified b. contradict c. mentoring ----10- The audience found the done be an a mature singer amusing. a. monologue b. shattering c. mentoring Comprehension questions 1- To Esmeralda , the change from a small island to living in a big city is a- a welcoming idea. b- a frightening experience c-a self-chosen experience

2- This selection is clearly an autobiography as a- it deals with family affairs. 14

b- it show the personal suffering of the author of place change. d- it tell about the writers own life.

3- One of the theme discussed in this selection is a- life in a city is makes a change. b- people sometimes take challenges to be fit. c- Every child is to be given a self-expressing chance.

4- Mistakenly, Esmeralda lost her only friend Yolanda by showing a desire about a- not having time for walk outs. b- not wanting to help people. c-having to much family trouble.

5- Esmeralda got a place in skilled students though a- a letter of recommendation from Puerto Rico. b- the aptitude tests the new school gave her. c- a scholarship given as a reward for Esmeralda. 6- One of Mr. Barons duties is to a-help Esmeralda learn English. b- guide Esmeralda to a school that fits her talents. e- tell Esmeralda about the school rules.

7- Mrs. Johnson is the one that shows Esmeralda a- how to recite her monologue. b- how to behave like a lady like during the audition. c- the correct pronunciation.

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8- Though it is along distance to the audition school in Manhattan Esmeralda is sure that her mother a- refuse to let her join it b- is proud that her daughter has this chance. c- worried about the audition.

9- The Chair clattering on its side is a sign that a- Esmeralda is gaining control of herself. b- Esmeralda forgets about the training she has taken. c- A step away from success.

10- The detailed description of the three women of the panel shows
a- contrast with Santiagos character.

b- Santiagos sense of belonging. Santiagos awareness of this class of people.

11- One of the reason Santiago wants to get accepted at the Art performing school is that she a- wants to leave Brooklyn and have a better life. b-has more desire of learning more than staying with family. c-is aware of her talents.

12- After graduation, Santiago develops into a a-high style fashionable lady. b- more confident, self expressing person. c-famous panel member.

True or false

Santiago was reluctant to leave Brooklyn. 16

1- Santiago made friends easily

( ( (

) ) )

2- Santiago was accepted to Performing Arts 3- Santiago as well as other girls goes to a welfare office.

Answer the following questions. 1- What challenges does Esmeralda face as a recent immigrant?

She isnt sure of herself, doesnt have any friends, and struggles with English. Identify cause and effect

2- Why does Yolanda stop being Esmeraldas friend?

Santiago says she doesnt like people and doesnt make Yolanda an exceptional so Yolanda becomes unfriendly to her.

Characterization 3- Santiago says she is afraid to contradict herself in the test. What does this reveal about her character?

She isnt confident enough to tell Mr. Barone what she really feels.

4- Santiago feels happiness after the second talk with Mr. Barone about joining an Art performing school, what does this signal about the theme of the story?

Santiago is trying to find a place where she feels belonging.

Literary focus 5What does Esmeralda miss about her previous life?

She misses feeling safe and not having to worry about her safety.

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6- What does Santiagos choice of school reveal about her feeling concerning the place where she lives?

It reveals that she dislikes the place where she lives and is working for a change in a different community.

7- Santiago considers getting accepted in the art performing school away to rebuild her life. Illustrate.

She sees her acceptance to the school as away to go out of Brooklyn and to pursue a better life in a better area.

8- At the end of the story Santiago says P.A. 66 one of these days, what does this reveal about her character?

She is more confident, she can express herself well, and she still has ambition and more goals for the future.

Language Chapter 2

Explaining a Complex Process

A) Fill in the blanks using words from the list.

voice - chronological order word root - drawing conclusions inference expository - complex process - jargon

1- An inference is an educated guess based on information in the text and on your prior knowledge and experience. 2- When you add information you already know to information from a text to make a judgment about that text, you are drawing conclusions.. .

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3- A complex process .has several steps that usually must occur in a certain order for the process to work. 4- To help readers follow the steps of a process, writers of process articles often use

chronological order..
5- A word root is the main part of a word which carries the core meaning of the word. 6- An essay about a complex process is a type of expository .. writing. 7- Your voice.. is the way your writing sounds. 8- Jargon . is specialized vocabulary used in a particular field.

B) Read the following passages. Then, answer the questions that follow.
(1) The ancient Egyptian process of mummification was expensive and time-consuming. The entire process took seventy days and involved various ceremonies. Tombs where the mummies were laid to rest were sometimes crowded with furniture and models of other everyday items.

What conclusion can you draw about this passage?

Most ancient Egyptians who were mummified were wealthy in life.
(2) Aruna sprang out of bed and quickly put out her soccer uniform, making sure she had her lucky socks. She ate a nutritious breakfast and tried not to be worried. As her dad drove her to the field, she rehearsed the plays in her mind. When she met her team, each girl had an air of nervous determination about her.

What inference can you make about this passage?

Aruna is about to play an important soccer game.
(3) Carrie stood on the street corner in the early morning light. She glanced again at her history notes, trying to put the wait to good use. She was tempted to open her lunch box and eat her sandwich. Two other students sat on their backpacks, watching the cars whiz past the corner.

What conclusion can you draw about this passage?

Carrie and the students are waiting for the school bus.

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(4) The traffic on the interstate slowed to a crawl and then stopped. After fifteen long minutes, Miriam turned off the engine and got out. She could barely see a tow truck and the flashing blue light of a patrol car ahead of the long line of cars. "Great," she said as she leaned against the car door.

What inference can you make about this passage?

A car accident is preventing traffic from moving, and Miriam will be delayed.

(5) Citizens in Montgomery organized a bus boycott to protest the arrest of Rosa Parks. Leaflets were distributed encouraging African Americans not to ride the bus. Not using public transportation was very difficult for families without cars, so other means of transportation were made available. Black- owned cab companies helped those without cars by charging cheap fares. In addition, car owners and local churches formed car pools.

You can tell from the passage that during the Montgomery bus boycott
A) most African Americans stayed home B) all African Americans refused to ride the bus C) many African Americans supported one another D) all African Americans used taxis to get around (5)

Sounding the Alarm

Beeeep! Why is the smoke detector going off? All you did was burn some toast! The sound of

the alarm is ear-piercing, but at least you know the device works. As long as its battery is good, you can count on the smoke detector to alert you if there is smoke or fire. Smoke detectors are a common sight on the ceilings of millions of homes today. Although there are several types of fire alarms, all serve the same purpose: to save lives and property from fire. Photoelectric smoke detectors have a smoke sensing chamber that contains a light source and a photocell. The light source sends a constant beam of light to the dark surface on one side of the sensing chamber. The 20

photocell is a light sensitive part that generates an electric current to activate the alarm. So how does this type of smoke detector work? Lets look at what happened with your toast. As your toast burned, smoke drifted up to the ceiling and entered the sensing chamber of the smoke detector. The light beamed at the side of the chamber bounced off the smoke and scattered. When only some of the light struck the photocell, the photocell produced an electric current that raced to the alarm. Then, the high-pitched alarm sounded.

Based on the passage, smoke detectors

A) are found only in apartments C) rarely work properly B) are required by law D) run on battery power

Chapter 3

Explaining Cause and Effect

A) Fill in the blanks using words from the list.

word busting or CSSD //cause- and- effect relationship // prediction// causes // text features // effects

1- A cause- and- effect relationship shows how one thing leads to another. 2- When you wonder about causes , you are looking for answers about why something happens. 3- Many informative texts include text features such as titles, heads, boldface words, and illustrations. 4- Looking at effects. helps you understand the results that follow a certain cause. 5- When you use your experience and information from the text to figure out what will come next, you are making a prediction.. 6- word busting or CSSD is a strategy that combines four ways of figuring out words you do not know Context, Structure, Sound & Dictionary.
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B) Choose the correct answer.

1- tell (or hint at) the topic of the entire reading. a) Heads and Subheads b) Titles c) Causes

2- show how a reading breaks up into parts. a) Effects b) Titles c) Heads and Subheads

3- A (An) is an action or event that makes something happens. a) effect b) cause c) title

4- . tell which words or terms are most important. a) Boldface words b) Italicized words c) Both a and b

5- A (An). is the result of a cause. a) effect b) cause c) subhead

6- illustrate important information. a) Photos b) Illustrations c) Photos and Illustrations with Captions

7- is a writer's way of adapting language to suit different occasions. a) Style b) Tone c) Voice

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8- .. reveals the writer's attitude and feeling toward the audience and the subject. a) Style b) Tone c) Voice

C) Identify the cause-and-effect relationships in the following paragraphs. If you get stuck and need help, use graphic organizers.
(1) Yesterday evening Helen saw a movie star at the table next to hers. She screamed so loudly that the movie star was suddenly shocked. The startled movie star spilled coffee in his lap. As a result, he jumped up bumping the waiter. The waiter's tray crashed to the floor and consequently the food on the tray was ruined.

Cause Effect / Cause star at Helen saw a movie .Helen .screamednext to her the table

Effect / Cause Effect / Cause He jumped up, bumping the The startled movie star spilled waiter .coffee in his lap ..

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Effect / Cause The waiter's tray crashed to the floor

Effect .The food on the tray was ruined

(2) Brace yourself for the changes that come with braces! First, your mouth feels different with all those wires, bands, and appliances. Since your mouth feels so different, you may find that you have to learn new ways to talk and eat.

Cause ..Braces

Effect .Your mouth feels different ................... Effect .You find new ways to talk and eat

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(3) Many traditional medicines of Asia use the bones and the body parts of tigers. Local people can make a large amount of money by poaching, or illegally hunting, and selling parts of tigers. Because their parts are so valuable, tigers are close to extinction.

Cause Killing tigers to sell their parts for medicines

Effect Tigers are threatened with .extinction

Grammar Chapter 12 Parts of Speech Overview

Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection A) In each of the following sentences, draw one line under the helping verb(s) and two lines under the main verb.

1. Ernesto Galarza was born in Mexico. 2. When did the Galarza family move to Sacramento, California? 3. Other Mexican families had also immigrated to the United States. 4. Many of them had come to the United States for economic reasons. 5. In what year did Galarza publish his first book? 6. Many people have been enjoying his works for years. 7. Many are reading his works in the original Spanish. 25

8. Galarza has written about the struggles of farm workers.

B) In each of the following sentences, underline the action verb.

1. The tourists visited the large wildlife preserve. 2. Dmitri liked the cougar exhibit at the wildlife preserve. 3. A rescue team found two orphaned cougars in the mountains. 4. The team treated the cougars for injuries. 5. They brought the young cougars to the wildlife preserve. 6. The wildlife preserve staff raised the cougars to adulthood. 7. They named the cougars Wolfgang and Julianna. 8. The wildlife preserve will provide mates for the brother and sister pair.

C) In each of the following sentences, draw one line under the linking verb and two lines under the words that the verb connects.
1. The pilot remained calm. 2. Beryl Markham was a famous pilot. 3. She stayed alert on many difficult and long flights. 4. Her accomplishments seem remarkable to many people. 5. Markham became the first woman to fly nonstop from England to America. 6. The task was difficult because of strong opposing winds.

D) Identify the underlined verb by writing above it LV for linking verb or AV for action verb.
1. Mr. Singh looked in the cabinet for a serving dish. 2. The vegetable curry looked tasty. 3. Mr. Singh tasted the vegetable curry. 4. The stew tasted deliciously spicy. 26

5. Mr. Singh grew many of the vegetables in his backyard. 6. He grew fond of curry dishes when he lived in India. 7. Mr. Singhs recipe for vegetable curry remains his secret.

E) Identify the underlined verb by writing above it TR for transitive or IN for intransitive. Then, for each transitive verb, circle its object.
1. No one in the accident suffered any injuries. 2. My watch stopped at 8:22. 3. Marguerite called the meeting to order. 4. The trainer slowly walked toward the tiger. 5. The trainer slowly approached the tiger. 6. Bradley and Chloe successfully flew the box kite. 7. After a few minutes, the teakettle whistled. 8. Yolanda whistled a tune from the early 1990s. 9. The family gave its fair share to the charity. 10. The family gave generously to the charity.

F) Draw one line under the helping verb(s) and two lines under the main verb. Then, on the line to the left of each sentence, write TR if the verb is transitive or IN if the verb is intransitive.
______1. The couple had visited the German cafe several times. ______2. Katerina had heard a few bands there. ______3. Tonight a new band will perform. ______4. Boris will be listening carefully. ______5. Boris might sing with the band. ______6. The band will be playing popular German songs.

G) Draw one line under any helping verb(s) and two lines under the main verb. Then, on the line to the left of each sentence, write AV if the verb is an action verb or LV if the verb is a linking verb. Also, on the line, write TR if the verb is transitive or IN if the verb is intransitive.
27

______1. Will you dance at the talent show? ______2. I will dance a reel. ______3. Our costumes look beautiful. ______4. You gave a good show last year. ______5. Have you learned improvisational dance? ______6. Improvisation requires creativity. ______7. The dancer remains very aware. ______8. Each movement flows into the next.

H) Identify the adverb(s) and the words that the adverbs modify.
1. The contestants arrived surprisingly early. 2. Each skater practiced nearby. 3. The fans waited impatiently.

4. The skaters moved quite gracefully. 5. One skater seemed very nervous. 6. She stopped practicing rather early. 7. She sat silently and waited. 8. Her coach came quickly to see her. 9. He calmly encouraged her.

I) Above each underlined word in the following sentences, write ADJ if the underlined word is an adjective or write ADV if the underlined word is an adverb.
1. Comets sometimes produce meteors. 2. Comets often contain large rocks. 3. The rocks inside comets are held together by icy material. 4. A comet that passes by the sun enough times steadily loses its icy material. 5. Rocky material and grains of dust remain near the head of the comet and in its orbit. 28

6. These rocks and dust grains sometimes enter the earths atmosphere. 7. These particles in the earths atmosphere can cause a spectacular shower. 8. In fact, meteors resulting from other sources in space are quite common.

J) Underline the prepositions in the following sentences. Be sure to include all parts of any compound preposition you may find.
1. Before the hike, the scouts checked the supplies in their backpacks. 2. The scout troop went on a hike. 3. Lars and I decided to go to the library instead of the bookstore. 4.We found the biographies next to the mysteries. 5. They climbed to the top of Mount Milligan. 6.The seasonal books were in front of them. 7. According to Mr. Wu, some books were not seasonal. 8. The climb up the mountain was long and difficult.

K) Underline the prepositional phrase. Then, circle the object of the preposition.
1. Maya Angelou was born in St. Louis, Missouri. 2. Maya Angelou grew up in rural Arkansas. 3. Her career began with dance and drama. 4. Dr. Angelou is fluent in several languages. 5. Audiences throughout the United States have enjoyed Dr. Angelous lectures. 6. Maya Angelou has also lectured in several foreign countries.

L) Identify each of the conjunctions in the following sentences as coordinating or correlative.

1. The river flows through several states and empties into the Gulf of Mexico. 2. The child wanted neither food nor water. 3. She didnt stay up too late, nor did she watch too much television. 4. They took vacations not only in July, but also in December. 29

5. The sun had risen, yet it was still too foggy to drive. 6. The team could not decide whether to practice more or take a break. 7. Arguments soon broke out, for the players had not agreed upon the rules beforehand. 8. Both the team captain and the coach thought that the competition went well.

M) Underline the interjection in each of the following sentences.

1. Ah, now I understand what to do. 2. Ouch! Another mosquito bit me. 3. Oh! What beautiful flowers those are! 4. Hey, we need to get ready, or we will be late. 5. Excellent! Lets go right away. 6. I like playing this computer game, but, gee, it is complicated. 7. Ugh! I should have caught that ball.

8. The team finally won a game. Hooray! 9. Well, Guido, what did you learn from the field trip to the aquarium? 10. Wow! That movie was outstanding!

N) Identify the part of speech of the underlined word by writing above it NOUN for noun, PRO for pronoun, VERB for verb, PREP for preposition, ADJ for adjective, ADV for adverb, or INT for interjection.
1. Some baseball cards are quite valuable. 2. The dark night felt quiet and empty. 3. She strolled around in the dark. 4. The startled deer ran fast. 5. She worked at an astonishingly fast rate. 6. I run every morning. 7. The sprinter had an excellent run in this mornings competition. 8. You got tickets to the show? Great! 30

9. It should be a great show. 10. Let's go outside and pass the football. 11. We will meet you outside the main entrance to the stadium. 12. Some of these baseball cards are quite valuable.

Chapter 13

Complements

Direct and Indirect Object, Subject complement.

IDENTIFYING SUBJECTS, VERBS, AND COMPLEMENTS In each of the following sentences, underline each subject once, underline each verb twice, and place parentheses around each complement. (Reminder: A subject, verb, or complement may be compound.) Example 1. Dolores sent a (brochure) and newspaper (article) about an exciting festival.

1. I am eager to write for more information about it. 2. Dolores will send me more details, too. 3. The event is the Hispanic Heritage Festival in Dade County, Miami, Florida. 4. The festival salutes Hispanic traditions and cultures. 5. The organizers each year plan many varied events for the festival. 6. These include educational and sporting activities. 7. Thousands of people attend the October festival. 8. To visitors from northern states, the weather in Miami must seem quite warm for that time of year. 31

9. My family and I are enthusiastic travelers. 10. The festival could be our next trip! IDENTIFYING DIRECT OBJECTS AND INDIRECT OBJECTS Underline each direct object once and each indirect object twice in each of the following sentences. Example 1. The jury sent the judge notes at three different times.

11. Did you pick any of the blueberries yourself? 12. Everyone thanked me for a job well done. 13. Sally Ann sent him ten e-mails in one day. 14. The cat surprised both the chipmunk and the blue jay. 15. The class asked the author many questions about her popular book. 16. Who found Mr. Kellers map of the Gold Coast from the 1950s? 17. The director chooses whoever will play Rudolph. 18. For best results, always follow the directions closely. 19. My aunt only sends whoever requests it her special jam. 20. Alvin handed Robin the change left from the five-dollar bill. IDENTIFYING SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS In the following sentences, underline each subject complement, and identify it as a predicate nominative or a predicate adjective. Above each complement, write PN for predicate nominative or PA for predicate adjective. (Reminder: A complement may be compound.) PN Example 1. The birthday present that Aunt Jill gave me was what I truly wanted. 21. My computer has been the most useful tool I have for doing homework and research. 22. The weather turned nasty just as the soccer game began. 23. My favorite actors are they. 24. Senator Ames appears the winner in yesterdays election. 25. How shiny and bright the new car appears in the sunlight! 26. Is the champion whoever stays on the horse the longest? 27. Baklava, a treat from Greece, tastes sweet and is sticky. 28. Travis always stays so quiet during study hall. 29. The local historical museum has been much more successful since remodeling. 30. Alice Walker is both a novelist and a poet. IDENTIFYING COMPLEMENTS Each of the following sentences contains an italicized word or word group that is a complement. Identify each of these italicized complements by writing above it DO for direct object, IO for indirect object, PN for predicate nominative, or PA for predicate adjective. PA Example 1. How beautiful the sunrise is! 31. Dont some of Johns jokes seem awfully silly? 32

32. Our class is studying environmental hazards. 33. The samba is a Brazilian dance originally from Africa. 34. The rules allowed us only ten minutes. 35. Gary ordered two shirts, a pair of shoes, and a coat. 36. The bananas feel soft and squishy. 37. How smart the quiz bowl contestants are! 38. In what year did John F. Kennedy become President of the United States? 39. How will the schedule changes affect whoever has already bought tickets? 40. Mrs. Ramos has asked everyone that she has seen. 41. The most talented member of the choir remains she. 42. The police officer gave the jaywalker a warning. 43. Some perfumes smell horrible, in my opinion. 44. Mom gave my sister and me gift certificates. 45. The squirrels stored acorns in the tree. 46. The Five Civilized Tribes are the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. 47. The school has built a new gymnasium. 48. Once sickly, the plant now looks healthy and strong. 49. Henry brought them an electric blender to make smoothies for the party. 50. What you see is what you get.

Grammar Answer Section

OTHER 1. ANS: I am (eager) to write for more information about it. OBJ: 13.1 TOP: Identifying Subjects, Verbs and Complements; ANS: Dolores will send (me) more (details), too. OBJ: 13.1, 13.3 TOP: Identifying Subjects, Verbs and Complements; ANS: The event is the (Hispanic Heritage Festival) in Dade County, Miami, Florida. OBJ: 13.1 TOP: Identifying Subjects, Verbs and Complements; ANS: The festival salutes Hispanic (traditions) and (cultures). OBJ: 13.1, 13.3 TOP: Identifying Subjects, Verbs and Complements; ANS: The organizers each year plan many varied (events) for the festival. 33

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

OBJ: 13.1, 13.3 TOP: Identifying Subjects, Verbs and Complements; ANS: These include educational and sporting (activities). OBJ: 13.1 TOP: Identifying Subjects, Verbs and Complements; ANS: Thousands of people attend the October (festival). OBJ: 13.1, 13.3 TOP: Identifying Subjects, Verbs and Complements; ANS: To visitors from northern states, the weather in Miami must seem quite (warm) for that time of year. OBJ: 13.1 TOP: Identifying Subjects, Verbs and Complements; ANS: My family and I are enthusiastic (travelers). OBJ: 13.1 TOP: Identifying Subjects, Verbs and Complements; ANS: The festival could be our next (trip)! OBJ: 13.1 TOP: Identifying Subjects, Verbs and Complements; ANS: Did you pick any of the blueberries yourself? OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects ANS: Everyone thanked me for a job well done. OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects ANS: Sally Ann sent him ten e-mails in one day. OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects ANS: The cat surprised both the chipmunk and the blue jay. OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects ANS: The class asked the author many questions about her popular book. OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects ANS: Who found Mr. Kellers map of the Gold Coast from the 1950s? OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects ANS: The director chooses whoever will play Rudolph. OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects ANS: For best results, always follow the directions closely. 34

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects ANS: My aunt only sends whoever requests it her special jam. OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects ANS: Alvin handed Robin the change left from the five-dollar bill. OBJ: 13.4 TOP: ANS: toolPN OBJ: 13.5 TOP: ANS: nastyPA OBJ: 13.6 TOP: ANS: theyPN OBJ: 13.5 TOP: ANS: winnerPN OBJ: 13.5 TOP: ANS: shinyPA; brightPA Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects

20.

21.

Identifying Subject Complements

22.

Identifying Subject Complements

23.

Identifying Subject Complements

24.

Identifying Subject Complements

25.

26.

OBJ: 13.6 TOP: Identifying Subject Complements ANS: whoever stays on the horse the longestPN OBJ: 13.5 TOP: ANS: sweetPA; stickyPA OBJ: 13.6 TOP: ANS: quietPA OBJ: 13.6 TOP: ANS: successfulPA OBJ: 13.6 TOP: ANS: novelistPN; poetPN OBJ: 13.5 TOP: ANS: sillyPA OBJ: 13.6 TOP: Identifying Subject Complements

27.

Identifying Subject Complements

28.

Identifying Subject Complements

29.

Identifying Subject Complements

30.

Identifying Subject Complements

31.

Identifying Complements 35

32.

ANS: hazardsDO OBJ: 13.4 TOP: ANS: dancePN OBJ: ANS: usIO 13.5 TOP: Identifying Complements

33.

Identifying Complements

34.

35.

OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Complements ANS: shirtsDO; pairDO; coatDO OBJ: 13.4 TOP: ANS: softPA; squishyPA OBJ: 13.6 TOP: ANS: smartPA Identifying Complements

36.

Identifying Complements

37.

38.

OBJ: 13.6 TOP: Identifying Complements ANS: President of the United StatesPN OBJ: 13.5 TOP: Identifying Complements ANS: whoever has already bought ticketsDO OBJ: 13.4 TOP: ANS: everyoneDO OBJ: 13.4 TOP: ANS: shePN OBJ: 13.5 TOP: ANS: jaywalkerIO OBJ: 13.4 TOP: ANS: horriblePA OBJ: 13.6 TOP: ANS: sisterIO; meIO OBJ: ANS: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Complements

39.

40.

Identifying Complements

41.

Identifying Complements

42.

Identifying Complements

43.

Identifying Complements

44.

Identifying Complements 36

45.

acornsDO 46. OBJ: 13.4 TOP: Identifying Complements ANS: CherokeePN; ChickasawPN; ChoctawPN; CreekPN; SeminolePN OBJ: 13.5 TOP: ANS: gymnasiumDO OBJ: 13.4 TOP: ANS: healthyPA; strongPA OBJ: 13.6 TOP: ANS: themIO OBJ: 13.4 TOP: ANS: what you getPN OBJ: 13.5 TOP: Identifying Complements

47.

Identifying Complements

48.

Identifying Complements

49.

Identifying Complements

50.

Identifying Complements

37