Math Olympiad Problem Solving Stanford University EPGY Summer Institutes 2008 Problem Set: Algebraic Expressions

This document contains 28 math problems involving algebraic expressions and equations from past math olympiads and exams. The problems cover a range of algebraic skills including solving equations, systems of equations, expressions involving radicals, trigonometric functions, and more. The goal is to practice and improve problem solving abilities for math competitions.

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Math Olympiad Problem Solving Stanford University EPGY Summer Institutes 2008 Problem Set: Algebraic Expressions

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Rusdin La Eba

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Stanford University EPGY

Math Olympiad

Math Olympiad Problem Solving Stanford University EPGY Summer Institutes 2008 Problem Set: Algebraic Expressions

1. (1987 AIME) Find 3x2 y 2 if x, y are integers such that y 2 + 3x2 y 2 = 30x2 + 517. 2. Find all positive integer solutions (x, y) of the equation x2 y 2 = 20. 3. Find all positive integer solutions (x, y) of the equation xy + 5x + 3y = 200. 4. (1991 AIME) Find x2 + y 2 if x and y are positive integers and xy + x + y = 71 and x2 y + xy 2 = 880. 5. Find all integer solutions (n, m) of the equation n4 + 2n3 + 2n2 + 2n + 1 = m2 . 6. If x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 49 and x + y + z = x3 + y 3 + z 3 = 7, nd xyz. 7. (1987 AHSME #11) Let c be a constant. The simultaneous equations xy = 2 cx + y = 3

have a solution (x, y) inside Quadrant I if and only if (A) c = 1 (B) c > 1 (C) c < 3/2 (D) 0 < c < 3/2 (E) 1 < c < 3/2

8. (1987 AHSME #15) If (x, y) is a solution to the system xy = 6 and x2 y + xy 2 + x + y = 63, nd x2 + y 2 . (A) 13 (B) 1173/32 (C) 55 (D) 69 (E) 81

Summer 2008

Problem Set: Algebraic Expressions

Stanford University EPGY

Math Olympiad

9. (1986 AHSME #30) The number of real solutions (x, y, z, w) of the system of equations 17 x 17 2z = y + y 17 2w = z + z 17 2x = w + w 2y = x + is (A) 1 10. Solve for x: 2 11. Solve (x 7)(x 3)(x + 5)(x + 1) = 1680. 12. Solve x4 + x3 4x2 + x + 1 = 0. 13. Solve the equation 2sin
2

(B) 2

(D) 8 a b 6a = + . x a b

(E) 16

+ 5 2cos

= 7.

14. How many real solutions are there to sin x = loge x? 15. Solve the equation |x + 1| |x| + 3|x 1| 2|x 2| = x + 2. 16. Find the real solutions of x+34 x1+ 17. Solve the equation 6x4 25x3 + 12x2 + 25x + 6 = 0. 18. Solve the equation x(2x + 1)(x 2)(2x 3) = 63.
Summer 2008 2 Problem Set: Algebraic Expressions

x + 8 6 x 1 = 1.

Stanford University EPGY

Math Olympiad

19. Find (by hand, without using a calculator) the value of 30 31 32 33 + 1. 20. Solve x + x2 1 x x2 1 + = 98. x x2 1 x + x2 1

21. Find a real solution to (x2 9x 1)10 + 99x10 = 10x9 (x2 1). Hint: Write this equation as (x2 9x 1)10 10x9 (x2 9x 1) + 9x10 = 0. 22. Solve the equation 1 1+ 1+ 1+ 1 1 . . . 1+ where the fraction is repeated n times. 23. Solve for x x+ x + 11 + x+ x 11 = 4. 1 x = x.

24. Let a,b, c be real constants, abc = 0. Solve x2 (y z)2 = a2 , y 2 (z x)2 = b2 , z 2 (x y)2 = c2 . 25. Solve x3 + 3x2 y + y 3 = 8, 2x3 2x2 y + xy 2 = 1. 26. Solve the system x+2+y+3+ (x + 2)(y + 3) = 39,