ANURAG TYAGI CLASSES (ATC) 10C-82,VASUNDHRA, GHAZIABAD.

BRANCH: SAHIBABAD
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The inverse of a function B A f : exists if f is one-one onto i.e., a bijection and is given by x y f y x f = =

) ( ) (
1
.
Consider the sine function with domain R and range [1, 1]. Clearly this function is not a bijection and so it is not invertible.
If we restrict the domain of it in such a way that it becomes oneone, then it would become invertible. If we consider sine as a
function with domain
(

2
,
2
t t
and co-domain [1, 1], then it is a bijection and therefore, invertible. The inverse of sine
function is defined as x x = =

u u sin sin
1
, where
(

2
,
2
t t
u and ] 1 , 1 [ x .
5.1 Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
(1) Meaning of inverse function
(i) x = u sin u =

x
1
sin (ii) x = u cos u =

x
1
cos (iii) x = u tan u =

x
1
tan
(iv) x = u cot u =

x
1
cot (v) x = u sec u =

x
1
sec (vi) x = u cosec u =

x
1
cosec
(2) Domain and range of inverse functions
(i) If , sin x y = then , sin
1
x y

= under certain condition.
; 1 sin 1 s s y but x y = sin . 1 1 s s x
Again,
2
1 sin
t
= = y y and
2
1 sin
t
= = y y .
Keeping in mind numerically smallest angles or real numbers.
2 2
t t
s s y
These restrictions on the values of x and y provide us with the domain and range for the function x y
1
sin

= .
i.e., Domain : ] 1 , 1 [ e x
Range:
(

e
2
,
2
t t
y
(ii) Let x y = cos , then x y
1
cos

= , under certain conditions 1 cos 1 s s y

1 1 s s x
t = = y y 1 cos
0 1 cos = = y y
t s s y 0 {as cos x is a decreasing function in [ t , 0 ];
hence 0 cos cos cos s s y t
These restrictions on the values of x and y provide us the domain and range for the function x y
1
cos

= .
i.e. Domain: ] 1 , 1 [ e x
Range : ] , 0 [ t e y
(iii) If x y = tan , then , tan
1
x y

= under certain conditions.
Y
y = cos
1
x
O
(1, t/2)
X
(1, 0)
y

O
x
y = tan

1
x
y =
t/2
y =
t/2
Y
(1, t/2)
y = sin
1
x
O
(1, t/2)
X
1




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
Here, R x R y e e tan ,
2 2
tan
t t
< < < < y y
Thus, Domain R x e ;
Range |
.
|

\
|
e
2
,
2
t t
y
(iv) If , cot x y = then x y
1
cot

=
under certain conditions, ; cot R x R y e e
t < < < < y y 0 cot
These conditions on x and y make the function, x y = cot one-one and onto so that the inverse function exists. i.e.,
x y
1
cot

= is meaningful.
Domain : R x e
Range : ) , 0 ( t e y
(v) If , sec x y = then , sec
1
x y

= where 1 | | > x and
2
, 0
t
t = s s y y
Here, Domain: ) 1 , 1 ( eR x
Range:
)
`

e
2
] , 0 [
t
t y
(vi) If x y = cosec , then x y
1
cosec

=
Where 1 | | > x and 0 ,
2 2
= s s y y
t t

Here, Domain ) 1 , 1 ( eR
Range } 0 {
2
,
2

(

e
t t

Function Domain (D) Range (R)
x
1
sin

1 1 s s x or ] 1 , 1 [
2 2
t
u
t
s s or
(

2
,
2
t t

x
1
cos

1 1 s s x or ] 1 , 1 [ t u s s 0 or ] , 0 [ t
x
1
tan

< < x i.e., R x e or ) , (
2 2
t
u
t
< < or |
.
|

\
|

2
,
2
t t

x
1
cot

< < x i.e., R x e or ) , ( t u < < 0 or ) , 0 ( t
x
y = sec
1
x
y = t/2
(1,t)
O (1,0)
x
y = cosec
1
x
(1, t/2)
y
O (1, t)
y = t
O
x
(0, t/2)
y = cot
1
x


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x
1
sec

1 , 1 > s x x or ) , 1 [ ] 1 , (
t u
t
u s s = 0 ,
2
or
(

\
|
|
.
|

t
t t
,
2 2
, 0
x
1
cosec

1 , 1 > s x x or ) , 1 [ ] 1 , (
2 2
, 0
t
u
t
u s s = or
(

\
|
|
.
|

2
, 0 0 ,
2
t t

(3) u u =

) (sin sin
1
, Provided that
2 2
t
u
t
s s , u u =

) (cos cos
1
, Provided that t u s s 0
u u =

) (tan tan
1
, Provided that
2 2
t
u
t
< < , u u =

) (cot cot
1
, Provided that t u < < 0
u u =

) (sec sec
1
, Provided that
2
0
t
u < s or t u
t
s <
2

, ) cosec ( cosec
1
u u =

Provided that 0
2
< s u
t
or
2
0
t
u s <
(4) , ) sin(sin
1
x x =

Provided that 1 1 s s x , , ) cos(cos

1
x x =

Provided that 1 1 s s x
tan , ) (tan
1
x x =

Provided that < < x , ) cot(cot

1
x x =

Provided that < < x

, ) sec(sec
1
x x =

Provided that 1 s < x or < s x 1

, ) cosec ( cosec
1
x x = Provided that 1 s < x or < s x 1
(5) x x
1 1
sin ) ( sin

= x x
1 1
cos ) ( cos

= t , x x
1 1
tan ) ( tan

=
x x
1 1
cot ) ( cot

= t x x
1 1
sec ) ( sec

= t x x
1 1
cosec ) ( cosec =

(6)
2
cos sin
1 1
t
= +

x x , for all ] 1 , 1 [ e x
2
cot tan
1 1
t
= +

x x , for all R x e

2
cosec sec
1 - 1
t
= +

x x , for all ) , 1 [ ] 1 , ( e x

Important Tips

Here; x x x
1 1 1
tan , cosec , sin

belong to I and IV Quadrant.
Here; x x x
1 1 1
cot , sec , cos

belong to I and II Quadrant.
I Quadrant is common to all the inverse functions.
III Quadrant is not used in inverse function.
IV Quadrant is used in the clockwise direction i.e., 0
2
s s y
t



(7) Principal values for inverse circular functions

Principal values for 0 > x Principal values for 0 < x
2
sin 0
1
t
s s

x 0 sin
2
1
< s

x
t

2
cos 0
1
t
s s

x t
t
s <

x
1
cos
2

2
tan 0
1
t
< s

x 0 tan
2
1
< <

x
t

I
IV
t/2
t/2
I
0 t
II




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
2
cot 0
1
t
s <

x t
t
< <

x
1
cot
2

2
sec 0
1
t
< s

x t
t
s <

x
1
sec
2

2
cosec 0
1
t
s <

x 0 cosec
2
1
< s

x
t


Thus ,
6 2
1
sin
1
t
= |
.
|

\
|

not
3
2
2
1
cos ;
6
5
1
t t
= |
.
|

\
|

not
3
4t
;
3
) 3 ( tan
1
t
=

not
3
2t
;
4
3
) 1 ( cot
1
t
=

not
4
t

etc.
Note : x x x
1 1 1
tan , cos , sin

are also written as arc x sin , arc x cos and arc x tan respectively.
It should be noted that if not otherwise stated only principal values of inverse circular functions are to be
considered.
(8) Conversion property : Let, y x =
1
sin y x sin = |
.
|

\
|
=
x
y
1
cosec |
.
|

\
|
=
x
y
1
cosec
1


|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

= =

x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
1
cosec
1
1
sec
1
cot
1
tan 1 cos sin
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 2 1 1


|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
.
|

\
|

= =
|
|
.
|

\
|

= =

2
1
2
1 1
2
1 2 1 1
1
cot
1
1
cosec
1
sec
1
tan 1 sin cos
x
x
x
x x
x
x x

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
= + = |
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=

x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
2
1 2 1 1
2
1
2
1 1
1
cosec 1 sec
1
cot
1
1
cos
1
sin tan
Note : x
x
1 1
cosec
1
sin

= |
.
|

\
|
, for all ) , 1 [ ] 1 , ( e x
, sec
1
cos
1 1
x
x

= |
.
|

\
|
for all ) , 1 [ ] 1 , ( e x

< +
>
= |
.
|

\
|

0 for , cot
0 for , cot 1
tan
1
1
1
x x
x x
x t

(9) General values of inverse circular functions: We know that if o is the smallest angle whose sine is x, then
all the angles whose sine is x can be written as , ) 1 ( o
n
nx + where ,..... 2 , 1 , 0 = n Therefore, the general value of x
1
sin

can
be taken as o t
n
n ) 1 ( + . The general value of x
1
sin

is denoted by x
1
sin

.
Thus, we have
2 2
and sin if 1, 1 , 1) ( sin
1

x x n x
n
s s = s s + =

Similarly, general values of other inverse circular functions are given as follows:
x
1
\1 x
2



ANURAG TYAGI CLASSES (ATC) 10C-82,VASUNDHRA, GHAZIABAD. BRANCH: SAHIBABAD
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1 1 , 2 cos
1
s s =

x n x o t ; If x = o cos , t o s s 0
, tan
1
o t + =

n x R x e ; If , tan x = o
2 2
t
o
t
< <
, cot
1
o t + =

n x R x e ; If x = o cot , t o < < 0

o t =

n x 2 sec
1
, 1 > x or 1 s x ; If
2
and 0 , sec
t
t o o = s s = x
1 , ) 1 ( cosec
1
> + =

x n x
n
o t or 1 s x ; If 0 and
2 2
, cosec = s s = x x
t
o
t
o

Example: 1 The principal value of
|
|
.
|

\
|

2
3
sin
1
is [Roorkee 1992]
(a)
3
2t
(b)
3
t
(c)
3
4t
(d)
8
5t

Solution: (b)
3 3
sin sin
1
t t
=
(

|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
< <

2
sin
2
1
t t
x
Example: 2 =

)] 30 [sec( sec
1 o
[MP PET 1992]
(a)
o
60 (b)
o
30 (c)
o
30 (d)
o
150
Solution: (c)
o o o
30 ) 30 (sec sec )] 30 [sec( sec
1 1
= =

.
Example: 3 The principal value of |
.
|

\
|

3
5
sin sin
1
t
is [MP PET 1996]
(a)
3
5t
(b)
3
5t
(c)
3
t
(d)
3
4t

Solution: (c)
3 2
3
sin
3
5
sin sin
1 1
t t
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|

.
Example: 4 The principal value of
(

|
.
|

\
|

3
2
sin sin
1
t
is [IIT 1986]
(a)
3
2t
(b)
3
2t
(c)
3
4t
(d) None of these
Solution: (d) The principal vlaue of )]
3
2
[sin( sin
1
t
t

=
3 3
sin sin
1
t t
= |
.
|

\
|

.
Example: 5 Considering only the principal values, if
(

|
.
|

\
|
=

2
1
cot sin ) tan(cos
1 1
x , then x is equal to [IIT 1991; AMU 2001]
(a)
5
1
(b)
5
2
(c)
5
3
(d)
3
5

Solution: (d) Put
2
1
cot
2
1
cot
1
= = |
.
|

\
|

u u
.
5
2
sin = u Put | =

x
1
cos then | cos = x




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
Also
3
5
cos ,
5
2
tan = = = | | x .
Example: 6 If )] 600 ( [sin sin
1
=

u , then one of the possible value of u is [Kerala (Engg.) 2002]
(a)
3
t
(b)
2
t
(c)
3
2t
(d)
3
2t

Solution: (a) )] 600 [sin( sin
1 o
=

u = )] 240 360 sin( [ sin
1
+

] 240 sin [ sin
1 o
=

u )] 60 180 sin( [ sin
1 o o
+ =


o
60 sin sin
1
= u
3 3
sin sin
1
t t
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
=

.
Example: 7 Value of |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

3
5
sin sin
3
5
cos cos
1 1
t t
is [Roorkee 2000]
(a) 0 (b)
2
t
(c)
3
2t
(d)
3
10t

Solution: (a) |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

3
5
sin sin
3
5
cos cos
1 1
t t

(

|
.
|

\
|
+
(

|
.
|

\
|
=

3
2 sin sin
3
2 cos cos
1 1
t
t
t
t 0
3 3
= =
t t
.
Example: 8 The equation
6
11
sin cos 2
1 1
t
= +

x x has [AMU 1999]
(a) No solution (b) Only one solution (c) Two solutions (d) Three solutions
Solution: (a) Given equation is
6
11
sin cos 2
1 1
t
= +

x x
6
11
) sin (cos cos
1 1 1
t
= + +

x x x

2 6
11
cos
1
t t
=

x
3
4
cos
1
t
=

x , which is not possible as | | e

t , 0 cos
1
x .
Example: 9 If ,
3
2
sin sin
1 1
t
= +

y x then = +

y x
1 1
cos cos [EAMCET 1994]
(a)
3
2t
(b)
3
t
(c)
6
t
(d) t
Solution: (b)
3
2
sin sin
1 1
t
= +

y x

3
2
cos
2
cos
2
1 1
t t t
= +

y x
3
cos cos
1 1
t
= +

y x .
Example: 10 If , tan cos sin
1 1 1
x x x

+ = u 0 > x then the smallest interval in which u lies is [Orissa JEE 2003]
(a)
4
3
2
t
u
t
s s (b)
4
0
t
u s s (c) 0
4
s s u
t
(d)
2 4
t
u
t
s s
Solution: (b) x x x x
1 1 1 1
tan
2
tan cos sin

= + =
t
u
We know
2
tan
2
1
t t
< <

x
4
tan
2
0
2
tan
2
1 1
t t t t
< < > >

x x .
Example: 11 If
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

...
4 2
sin
3 2
1
x x
x
2
...
4 2
cos
6 4
2 1
t
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +

x x
x for , 2 | | 0 < < x then x equals [IIT Screening 2001]


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(a)
2
1
(b) 1 (c)
2
1
(d) 1
Solution: (b) We know that 1 | | ,
2
cos sin
1 1
s = +

y y y
t

According to question, ... ..........
4 2
..........
4 2
6 4
2
3 2
+ = +
x x
x
x x
x
2 | | 0 ( ,
2
1
2
1
2
2
< <
+
=
+
x
x
x
x
x
)
2
2
2 2 x
x
x
x
+
=
+

3 2 3
2 2 x x x x + = +
2
x x =
0 0 ) 1 ( 0
2
= = = x x x x x and x = 1, but . 0 = x So, 1 = x .
Example: 12 If ,
2 2
1
cot sin
1 1
t
= |
.
|

\
|
+

x then x is [Karnataka 1999; Roorkee 1999]
(a) 0 (b)
5
1
(c)
5
2
(d)
2
3

Solution: (b)
2 2
cot sin
1 1
t
= |
.
|

\
|
+

x
x
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

5
1
cos
2
1
cot
1 1

2
5
1
cos sin
1 1
t
= +

x ; Clearly,
5
1
= x .
Example: 13 The value of ) sin(cot
1
x

is [MP PET 2001; UPSEAT 1987]

(a)
2 / 3 2
) 1 ( x + (b)
2 / 3 2
) 1 (

+ x (c)
2 / 1 2
) 1 ( x + (d)
2 / 1 2
) 1 (

+ x
Solution: (d) ) sin(cot
1
x

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

2
1
1
1
sin sin
x
=
2
1
1
x +
.
Example: 14 The number of real solutions of
2
1 sin ) 1 ( tan
2 1 1
t
= + + + +

x x x x is [IIT Screening1999]
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Two (d) Infinite
Solution: (c)
2
1 sin ) 1 ( tan
2 1 1
t
= + + + +

x x x x
) 1 ( tan
1
+

x x is defined, when 0 ) 1 ( > + x x ........(i)

1 sin
2 1
+ +

x x is defined, when 1 1 ) 1 ( 0 s + + s x x or 0 ) 1 ( 0 s + s x x ........(ii)

From (i) and (ii), 0 ) 1 ( = + x x or 0 = x and 1.
Hence, number of solutions is 2.

5.2 Formulae for Sum and Difference of Inverse Trigonometric Function.
(1)
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
= +

xy
y x
y x
1
tan tan tan
1 1 1
; If 0 , 0 > > y x and 1 < xy
(2)
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
+ = +

xy
y x
y x
1
tan tan tan
1 1 1
t ; If 0 , 0 > > y x and 1 > xy
1
2
\5




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
(3)
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
+ = +

xy
y x
y x
1
tan tan tan
1 1 1
t ; If 0 , 0 < < y x and 1 > xy
(4)
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

=

xy
y x
y x
1
tan tan tan
1 1 1
; If 1 > xy
(5)
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

+ =

xy
y x
y
1
tan tan tan
1 1 1
t ; If 0 , 0 < > y x and 1 < xy
(6)
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

+ =

xy
y x
y x
1
tan tan tan
1 1 1
t ; If 0 , 0 > < y x and 1 < xy
(7)
(

+ +
= + +

zx yz xy
xyz z y x
z y x
1
tan tan tan tan
1 1 1 1

(8)
(

+ +
+
= + + +

........ 1
. ..........
tan tan .......... tan tan
6 4 2
5 3 1 1 1
2
1
1
1
S S S
S S S
x x x
n
,
where
k
S denotes the sum of the products of
n
x x x ,........, ,
2 1
taken k at a time.
(9)
x y
xy
y x
+

= +

1
cot cot cot
1 1 1

(10)
x y
xy
y x

+
=

1
cot cot cot
1 1 1

(11) } 1 1 { sin sin sin
2 2 1 1 1
x y y x y x + = +

;
If 1 , 1 s s y x and 1
2 2
s + y x or if 0 < xy and 1
2 2
> + y x
(12) }, 1 1 { sin sin sin
2 2 1 1 1
x y y x y x + = +

t If x < 0 , 1 s y and 1
2 2
> + y x
(13) }, 1 1 { sin sin sin
2 2 1 1 1
x y y x y x + = +

t If 0 ; 1 < s y x and 1
2 2
> + y x
(14) }, 1 1 { sin sin sin
2 2 1 1 1
x y y x y x =

If 1 ; 1 s s y x and 1
2 2
s + y x if or 0 > xy and 1
2 2
> + y x .
(15) }, 1 1 { sin sin sin
2 2 1 1 1
x y y x y x =

t If 0 1 , 1 0 < s s < y x and 1
2 2
> + y x .
(16) }, 1 1 { sin sin sin
2 2 1 1 1
x y y x y x =

t If 1 0 , 0 1 s < < s y x and 1
2 2
> + y x .
(17) } 1 . 1 { cos cos cos
2 2 1 1 1
y x xy y x = +

, If 1 , 1 s s y x and 0 > + y x .
(18) } 1 1 { cos 2 cos cos
2 2 1 1 1
y x xy y x = +

t , If 1 , 1 s s y x and 0 s + y x


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(19) }, 1 1 { cos cos cos
2 2 1 1 1
y x xy y x + =

If , 1 , 1 s s y x and y x s .
(20) }, 1 1 { cos cos cos
2 2 1 1 1
y x xy y x =

If , 0 1 s s y 1 0 s < x and y x > .

Important Tips
If ,
2
tan tan tan
1 1 1
t
= + +

z y x then 1 = + + zx yz xy .
If , tan tan tan
1 1 1
t = + +

z y x then xyz z y x = + + .
If ,
2
sin sin sin
1 1 1
t
= + +

z y x then 1 2
2 2 2
= + + + xyz z y x .
If , sin sin sin
1 1 1
t = + +

z y x then xyz z z y y x x 2 1 1 1
2 2 2
= + + .
If , 3 cos cos cos
1 1 1
t = + +

z y x then 3 = + + zx yz xy .
If , cos cos cos
1 1 1
t = + +

z y x then 1 2
2 2 2
= + + + xyz z y x .
If ,
2
3
sin sin sin
1 1 1
t
= + +

z y x then 3 = + + zx yz xy .
If , sin sin
1 1
u = +

y x then u t = +

y x
1 1
cos cos .
If , cos cos
1 1
u = +

y x then u t = +

y x
1 1
sin sin .
If ,
2
tan tan
1 1
t
= +

y x then 1 = xy .
If ,
2
cot cot
1 1
t
= +

y x then 1 = xy .
If , cos cos
1 1
u = +

b
y
a
x
then u u
2
2
2
2
2
sin cos
2
= +
b
y
ab
xy
a
x
.

Example: 15 The value of
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

13
3
cos
5
3
sin tan
1 1
is [AMU 2001]
(a)
17
6
(b)
13
6
(c)
5
13
(d)
6
17

Solution: (d)
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

13
3
cos
5
3
sin tan
1 1
= |
.
|

\
|
+

3
2
tan
4
3
tan tan
1 1

=
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

3
2
.
4
3
1
3
2
4
3
tan tan
1
=
(

6
12
12
17
tan tan
1
=
6
17
.
Example: 16 = +

3
1
tan
2
1
tan
1 1
[MP PET 1997, 2003; UPSEAT 2003; Karnataka CET 2001]
(a) 0 (b)
4
t
(c)
2
t
(d) t




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
Solution: (b)
4
1 tan
3
1
.
2
1
1
3
1
2
1
tan
3
1
tan
2
1
tan
1 1 1 1
t
= =

+
= +

.
Example: 17 If , sin
3
2
sin
3
1
sin
1 1 1
x

= + then x is equal to [Roorkee 1995]
(a) 0 (b)
9
2 4 5
(c)
9
2 4 5 +
(d)
2
t

Solution: (c)
(
(

+
=
(
(

+ = +

9
2 4 5
sin
9
1
1
3
2
9
4
1
3
1
sin
3
2
sin
3
1
sin
1 1 1 1

Therefore,
9
2 4 5 +
= x .
Example: 18 3 cot
5
1
sin
1 1
+ is equal to [MP PET 1993; Karnataka CET 1995]
(a)
6
t
(b)
4
t
(c)
3
t
(d)
2
t

Solution: (b) 3 cot
5
1
5
1
1
cot 3 cot
5
1
sin
1 1 1 1
+
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

= + =
4
) 1 ( cot
2 3
1 3 2
cot ) 3 ( cot ) 2 ( cot
1 1 1 1
t
= = |
.
|

\
|
+

= +

.
Example: 19 If , sin
13
12
cos
5
3
sin
1 1 1
C

= |
.
|

\
|
+ then = C [Pb. CET 1999]
(a)
56
65
(b)
65
24
(c)
65
16
(d)
65
56

Solution: (d) Given,
13
12
cos
5
3
sin sin
1 1 1
+ = C

13
5
sin
5
3
sin sin
1 1 1
+ = C

+ =

25
9
1
13
5
169
25
1
5
3
sin
1
65
56
65
56
sin
1
= |
.
|

\
|
=

C .
Example: 20 If , 3 3
2
1
2
cos cos ) (
2 1 1
)
`

+ + =

x
x
x x f then
(a)
3 3
2 t
= |
.
|

\
|
f (b)
3 3
2
cos 2
3
2
1
t
= |
.
|

\
|

f (c)
3 3
1 t
= |
.
|

\
|
f (d)
3 3
1
cos 2
3
1
1
t
= |
.
|

\
|

f
Soltuion: (a,d)

+ + =
2 1 1
1 .
2
3
2
1
cos cos ) ( x x x x f
= ) cos
2
1
(cos cos
1 1 1
x x

, according as >

2
1
cos
1
or x
1
cos

<
=
2
1
cos
1
if , cos
2
1
cos
1 1
x

> which holds for
3
2
= x
=
2
1
cos cos 2
1 1
x if , cos
2
1
cos
1 1
x

< which holds for
3
1
= x .


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Example: 21 = + +

16
63
tan
5
4
cos
13
12
sin
1 1 1

(a) 0 (b)
2
t
(c) t (d)
2
3t

Solution: (c)
16
63
tan
4
3
tan
5
12
tan
1 1 1
+ + =
16
63
tan
36 20
15 48
tan
1 1
+

+
+ t ( 1 > xy ) = t t = +

16
63
tan
16
63
tan
1 1
.
Example: 22 If
3
1
sin
5
4
sin
1 1
+ = o and
3
1
cos
5
4
cos
1 1
+ = | , then
(a) | o < (b) | o = (c) | o > (d) None of these
Solution: (a)
(
(

+ =

25
16
1
3
1
9
1
1
5
4
sin
1
o =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
(
(

+

15
3 2 8
sin
15
3
15
2 8
sin
1 1

Since
2
, 1
15
3 2 8 t
o < <
+

2
) (
3
1
sin
2 5
4
sin
2
1 1
t
o t
t t
| > = |
.
|

\
|
+ =

| o < .
Example: 23 If ,
3
cos
2
cos
1 1
u = +

y x
then = +
2 2
4 cos 12 9 y xy x u
(a) u
2
sin 36 (b) u
2
cos 36 (c) u
2
tan 36 (d) None of these
Solution: (a) u = +

3
cos
2
cos
1 1
y x

u cos
9
1
4
1
3
.
2
2 2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

y x y x

) 9 )( 4 ( ) cos 6 (
2 2 2
y x xy = u u u u
2 2 2 2
sin 36 ) cos 1 ( 36 4 cos 12 9 = = + y xy x .
Example: 24 The number of solutions of
3
2 sin sin
1 1
t
= +

x x is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) Infinitie
Solution: (b) x x
1 1 1
sin
2
3
sin 2 sin

=
(
(

=

4
3
1 1 .
2
3
sin
2 1
x x

2
1
2
3
2
2
x
x x =
) 1 (
4
3
2
5
2
2
x
x
= |
.
|

\
|
or 3 28
2
= x
7
3
2
1
28
3
= = x , (not
7
3
2
1
) .
Example: 25 If o = |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

b
y
a
x
1 1
cos cos , then = +
2
2
2
2
cos
2
b
y
ab
xy
a
x
o [UPSEAT 1999; MP PET 1995]
(a) o
2
sin (b) o
2
cos (c) o
2
tan (d) o
2
cot




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
Solution: (a) We have o =
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

2
2
2
2
1
1 1 . cos
b
y
a
x
b
y
a
x
o cos 1 1
2
2
2
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

b
y
a
x
ab
xy


2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
1 cos
b a
y x
b
y
a
x
ab
xy
+ = |
.
|

\
|
o
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2 2
1 cos
2
cos
b a
y x
b
y
a
x
ab
xy
b a
y x
+ = + o o o o o
2 2
2
2
2
2
sin cos 1 cos
2
= = +
b
y
ab
xy
a
x
.
Example: 26 If a, b, c be positive real numbers and the value of
ca
c b a b
bc
c b a a ) (
tan
) (
tan
1 1
+ +
+
+ +
=

u
ab
c b a c ) (
tan
1
+ +
+

, then
u tan is [IIT 1981]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) c b a + + (d) None of these
Solution: (a)
ab
c b a c
ca
c b a b
bc
c b a a ) (
tan
) (
tan
) (
tan
1 1 1
+ +
+
+ +
+
+ +
=

u
Let
abc
c b a
s
+ +
=
2

2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1
tan tan tan s c s b s a

+ + = u
) ( tan ) ( tan ) ( tan
1 1 1
cs bs as

+ + = u
(
(

+ +
=

2 2 2
3
1
1
tan
cas bcs abs
abcs cs bs as
u
0
) ( 1
) (
tan
2
2
=
(
(

+ +
+ +
=
s ca bc ab
abcs c b a
s u )] ( [
2
c b a abcs + + =
Trick : Since it is an identity so it will be true for any value of a,b,c. Let 1 = = = c b a then
, 3 tan 3 tan 3 tan
1 1 1
t u = + + =

0 tan = u .
Example: 27 All possible values of p and q for which
4
3
1 cos 1 cos cos
1 1 1
t
= + +

q p p holds, is [Karnataka CET 2002]
(a)
2
1
, 1 = = q p (b)
2
1
, 1 = > p q (c)
2
1
, 1 0 = s s q p (d) None of these
Solution: (c) q p p = +

1 cos
4
3
1 cos cos
1 1 1
t
q p p
|
|
.
|

\
|

= +

1 cos
2
1
cos 1 cos cos
1 1 1 1


(
(

= q q p p p p .
2
1
1 .
2
1
1 1 q q = 1 0
2
1
= q .

5.3 Inverse Trigonometric Ratios of Multiple Angles.
(1) ) 1 2 ( sin sin 2
2 1 1
x x x =

, If
2
1
2
1
s s x (2) ), 1 2 ( sin sin 2
2 1 1
x x x =

t If 1
2
1
s s x
(3) ) 1 2 ( sin sin 2
2 1 1
x x x =

t , If
2
1
1

s s x (4) ), 4 3 ( sin sin 3
3 1 1
x x x =

If
2
1
2
1
s s

x


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(5) ) 4 3 ( sin sin 3
3 1 1
x x x =

t , If 1
2
1
s < x (6) ), 4 3 ( sin sin 3
3 1 1
x x x =

t If
2
1
1 < s x
(7) ) 1 2 ( cos cos 2
2 1 1
=

x x , If 1 0 s s x (8) ) 1 2 ( cos 2 cos 2
2 1 1
=

x x t , if 0 1 s s x
(9) ) 3 4 ( cos cos 3
3 1 1
x x x =

If 1
2
1
s s x (10) ) 3 4 ( cos 2 cos 3
3 1 1
x x x =

t , If
2
1
2
1
s s x
(11) ) 3 4 ( cos 2 cos 3
3 1 1
x x x + =

t , If
2
1
1 s s x (12) |
.
|

\
|

=

2
1 1
1
2
tan tan 2
x
x
x , if 1 1 s < x
(13) |
.
|

\
|

+ =

2
1 1
1
2
tan tan 2
x
x
x t , If 1 > x (14) |
.
|

\
|

+ =

2
1 1
1
2
tan tan 2
x
x
x t , If 1 < x
(15) |
.
|

\
|
+
=

2
1 1
1
2
sin tan 2
x
x
x , If 1 1 s s x (16) |
.
|

\
|
+
=

2
1 1
1
2
sin tan 2
x
x
x t , If 1 > x
(17) |
.
|

\
|
+
=

2
1 1
1
2
sin tan 2
x
x
x t , If 1 < x (18)
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

=

2
2
1 1
1
1
cos tan 2
x
x
x , If < s x 0
(19)
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

=

2
2
1 1
1
1
cos tan 2
x
x
x , If 0 s < x (20)
|
|
.
|

\
|

=

2
3
1 1
3 1
3
tan tan 3
x
x x
x , If
3
1
3
1
< <

x
(21)
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ =

2
3
1 1
3 1
3
tan tan 3
x
x x
x t , If
3
1
> x (22)
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ =

2
3
1 1
3 1
3
tan tan 3
x
x x
x t , If
3
1
< x
(23)
a
x
x a
x
1
2 2
1
sin tan

=
(
(

(24)
a
x
x a a
x x a
1
2 2
3 2
1
tan 3
) 3 (
3
tan

=
(

(25)
2 1
2 2
2 2
1
cos
2
1
4
1 1
1 1
tan x
x x
x x

+ =
(
(

+
+ + t
(26) x
x
x
1 1
cos
2
1
1
1
tan

=
+

Example: 28 ), cosec ( tan ) (cos tan 2
2 1 1
x x

= then x = [UPSEAT 2002]
(a)
2
t
(b) t (c)
6
t
(d)
3
t

Solution: (d) ) (cos tan 2
1
x

) ec (cos tan
2 1
x

=

x x
x
x x
x
2 2 2
1
2
1
sin
1
sin
cos 2
sin
1
tan
cos 1
cos 2
tan = |
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|

3
1 cos 2
t
= = x x .
Example: 29 The solution set of the equation x x
1 1
tan 2 sin

= is [AMU 2002]
(a) {1, 2} (b) } 2 , 1 { (c) } 0 , 1 , 1 { (d) } 0 ,
2
1
, 1 {




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
Soltuion: (c) x x
1 1
tan 2 sin

=
2
1 1
1
2
sin sin
x
x
x
+
=

x
x
x
=
+
2
1
2
0
3
= x x } 0 , 1 , 1 { 0 ) 1 )( 1 ( = = + x x x x .
Exmaple: 30

|
|
.
|

\
|
+

+
|
|
.
|

\
|


2
2
1
2
1
1
1
cos
2
1
tan sin
x
x
x
x
is equal to [Kurukshetra CEE 2001]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
2
1

Solution: (b)
)
`

+ |
.
|

\
|


x x
1 1
tan 2 tan 2
2
sin
t
=
2
sin
t
= 1.
Example: 31 If ,
1
2
tan
1
1
cos
1
2
sin
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
x
x
b
b
a
a

=
+

+

then = x [EAMCET 1989]
(a) a (b) b (c)
ab
b a

+
1
(d)
ab
b a
+

1

Solution: (d) Put | u tan , tan = = b a and , tan = x then reduced form is
) 2 (tan tan ) 2 (cos cos ) 2 (sin sin
1 1 1
| u

= | u | u = = 2 2 2
Taking tan on both sides, we get ) tan( | u = tan
| u
| u
tan
tan . tan 1
tan tan
=
+


Substituting these values, we get x
ab
b a
=
+

1

Example: 32 =
(

|
.
|

\
|

4 5
1
tan 2 tan
1
t
[IIT 1984]
(a)
7
17
(b)
7
17
(c)
17
7
(d)
17
7

Solution: (d)
(
(
(
(

=
(

|
.
|

\
|

) 1 ( tan
25
1
1
5
2
tan tan
4 5
1
tan 2 tan
1 1 1
t
=
17
7
12
5
1
1
12
5
tan . tan ) 1 ( tan
12
5
tan tan
1 1 1

=
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

=
(

.
Example: 33 = +

99
1
tan
70
1
tan
5
1
tan 4
1 1 1
[Roorkee 1981]
(a)
2
t
(b)
3
t
(c)
4
t
(d) None of these
Solution: (c)
99
1
tan
70
1
tan
5
1
tan 4
1 1 1
+ =
99
1
tan
70
1
tan
25
1
1
5
2
tan 2
1 1 1
+
(
(
(
(

=
99
1
tan
70
1
tan
12
5
tan 2
1 1 1
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
99
1
tan
70
1
tan
144
25
1
6
5
tan
1 1 1
+
(
(
(
(

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=
99
1
tan
70
1
tan
119
120
tan
1 1 1
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
(
(
(
(

+

70
1
.
99
1
1
70
1
99
1
tan
119
120
tan
1 1
= |
.
|

\
|
+

6931
29
tan
119
120
tan
1 1

=
239
1
tan
119
120
tan
6931
29
tan
119
120
tan
1 1 1 1
= =
4
) 1 ( tan
239
1
119
120
1
239
1
119
120
tan
1 1
t
= =
(
(
(
(

.
Example: 34 The value of = +
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

) 2 2 (tan cos
3
1
tan 2 sin
1 1
[AMU 1999]
(a)
15
16
(b)
15
14
(c)
15
12
(d)
15
11

Solution: (b) )] 2 2 ( [tan cos
3
1
tan 2 sin
1 1
+
(

|
.
|

\
|
= )] 2 2 ( [tan cos
9
1
1
3
2
tan sin
1 1
+
(
(
(
(

] 2 2 cos[tan
4
3
tan sin
1 1
+
(

= =
15
14
3
1
5
3
3
1
cos cos
5
3
sin sin
1 1
= + =
(

+
(

.
Example: 35
(

+
(

+

b
a
b
a
1 1
cos
2
1
4
tan cos
2
1
4
tan
t t
equal to [MP PET 1999]
(a)
b
a 2
(b)
a
b 2
(c)
b
a
(d)
a
b

Solution: (b) Let
b
a
b
a
= =

u u cos cos
1


(

+
(

+

b
a
b
a
1 1
cos
2
1
4
tan cos
2
1
4
tan
t t
=
t
t
t
t
+

+
1
1
1
1
, where
2
tan
u
= t
a
b
t
t 2
cos
2
1
) 1 (
2
2
2
= =

+
=
u
.
Example: 36
239
1
tan
5
1
tan 4
1 1
is equal to [UPSEAT 1995]
(a) t (b)
2
t
(c)
3
t
(d)
4
t

Solution: (d) Since,
2
1 1
1
2
tan tan 2
x
x
x

=



25
1
1
5
2
tan 2
5
1
tan 2 2
5
1
tan 4
1 1 1

=
(

=

576
100
1
24
20
tan
24
10
tan 2
1 1

= =

119
120
tan
1
=
So,
239
1
tan
119
120
tan
239
1
tan
5
1
tan 4
1 1 1 1
=
239
1
.
119
120
1
239
1
119
120
tan
1
+

=

120 ) 239 119 (
119 ) 239 120 (
tan
1
+

=


4
1 tan
1
t
= =

.
Example: 37 The formula x
x
x
1
2
2
1
tan 2
1
1
cos

=
+

holds only for

(a) R x e (b) 1 | | s x (c) ] 1 , 1 ( e x (d) ) , 1 [ + e x
Solution: (d) If , 1 = x LHS = ,
2
t
RHS = |
.
|

\
|

2
2
t
. So, the fomula does not hold.




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
If , 1 < x the angle on the LHS is in the second quadrant while the angle on the RHS is 2 (angle in the fourth quadrant), which
cannot be equal.
If , 1 > x the angle on the LHS is in the second quadrant while the angle on the RHS is 2 (angle in the first quadrant) and these two
may be equal.
If 0 1 < < x , the angle on the LHS is positive and that on the RHS is negative and the two cannot be equal.
Example: 38
2
1 1
1
2
sin tan 2
x
x
x
+
+

is independent of x , then
(a) ) , 1 [ + e x (b) ] 1 , 1 [ e x (c) 1 , ( e x ] (d) None of these
Solution: (a) Let u tan = x . Then ) 2 (sin sin
tan 1
tan 2
sin
1
2
sin
1
2
1
2
1
u
u
u

=
+
=
+ x
x

) 2 (sin sin 2
1
2
sin tan 2
1
2
1 1
u u

+ =
+
+
x
x
x
If
2
1 1
1
2
sin tan 2 ,
2
2
2 x
x
x
+
+ s s

t
u
t
= = = +

x
1
tan 4 2 2 u u independent of x.
If
2
1 1
1
2
sin tan 2 ,
2
2
2 x
x
x
+
+ s s

t
u t
t
= u t u u t u 2 2 )] 2 [sin( sin 2
1
+ = +

= t = independent of x.

(

e
4
,
4
t t
u but
(

e
4
3
,
4
t t
u and from the principal value of x
1
tan

.
|
.
|

\
|
e
2
,
2
t t
u . Hence, |
.
|

\
|
e
2
,
4
t t
u
|
.
|

\
|
e
2
,
4
t t
u t =
+
+

2
1 1
1
2
sin tan
x
x
x .
Also at t
t t t t
u = + = + =
+
+ =

2 2
1 sin
4
. 2
1
2
sin tan 2 ,
4
1
2
1 1
x
x
x .
The given function = t = constant if |
.
|

e
2
,
4
t t
u . i.e., ) , 1 [ + e x .
Example: 39 The number of positive integral solutions of the equation
10
3
sin
1
cos tan
1
2
1 1
=
+
+
y
y
x or 3 tan cot tan
1 1 1
= + y x
is [Roorkee 1993]
(a) One (b) Two (c) Zero (d) None of these
Solution: (b) 3 tan
1
tan tan
1 1 1
= +
y
x or
y
1
tan
1
= x
1 1
tan 3 tan

or
x
x
y 3 1
3
tan
1
tan
1 1
+

=


x
x
y

+
=
3
3 1

As , x y are positive integers, 1 = x , 2 and corresponding , 2 = y 7
Solutions are ) 7 , 2 ( ), 2 , 1 ( ) , ( = y x .











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1. The domain of x
1
sin

is [Roorkee Screening 1993]

(a) ) , ( t t (b) [ 1, 1] (c) ) 2 , 0 ( t (d) ) , (
2. The range of x
1
tan

is [DCE 2002]
(a) |
.
|

\
|
2
,
t
t (b) |
.
|

\
|

2
,
2
t t
(c) ) , ( t t (d) ) , 0 ( t
3. x x
1 1
cos sin

+ is equal to [Pb. CET 1997; DCE 2002]
(a)
4
t
(b)
2
t
(c) 1 (d) 1
4. =
)
`

+

2
1
cos
2
1
sin sin
1 1
[EAMCET 1985]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 1
5. The value of |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

3
5
cos sin
3
5
cos cos
1 1
t t
is [UPSEAT 2003]
(a)
2
t
(b)
3
5t
(c)
3
10t
(d) 0
6. =
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

7
1
sin
7
1
cos cos
1 1
[EAMCET 2003]
(a)
3
1
(b) 0 (c)
3
1
(d)
9
4

7. The value of x x
1 1
cot 2 tan

+ is [Kurukshetra CEE 1998]
(a)
3
t
(b)
6
t
(c)
3
2t
(d) t 2
8. If ,
3
2
cot 2 tan
1 1
t
= +

x x then = x [Karnataka CET 1999]
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d)
1 3
1 3
+

9. If , cos sin 4
1 1
t = +

x x then x is equal to [UPSEAT 2001]
(a) 0 (b)
2
1
(c)
2
3
(d)
2
1

10. =
(

+

5
1
sin
5
1
cos 2 cos
1 1
[IIT 1981]
(a)
5
6 2
(b)
5
6 2
(c)
5
1
(d)
5
1

B Ba as si ic c L Le ev ve el l
Properties of Inverse Trigonometrical Function
141




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
11. The value of |
.
|

\
|

5
33
cos sin
1
t
is
(a)
5
3t
(b)
5
7t
(c)
10
t
(d)
10
t

12. If , ) 1 ( sin 2
1
sec
1 1
t = + |
.
|

\
|

x
then x equals [AMU 1988]
(a)
2
1
(b) 1 (c)
2
t
(d) None of these
13. The value of |
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

2
1
sin
2
3
sin
1 1
is [MP PET 2003]
(a)
o
45 (b)
o
90 (c)
o
15 (d)
o
30
14. The value of )) 2 (tan cos(tan
1
is [AMU 2002]
(a)
5
1
(b)
5
1
(c) 2 cos (d) 2 cos
15. The value of x which satisfies the equation
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

10
3
sin tan
1 1
x is [Pb. CET 1999]
(a) 3 (b) 3 (c)
3
1
(d)
3
1

16. If , cosec sec
1 1
y x =

then = +

y x
1
cos
1
cos
1 1
[Orissa JEE 2002]
(a) t (b)
4
t
(c)
2
t
(d)
2
t

17. If ,
1
cos
1
u = |
.
|

\
|

x
then = u tan [MNR 1978; MP PET 1989]
(a)
1
1
2
x
(b) 1
2
+ x (c)
2
1 x (d) 1
2
x
18. If
5
sin
1
t
=

x for some ), 1 , 1 ( e x then the value of x

1
cos

is [DCE 1997; Karnataka CET 1996; IIT 1992]

(a)
10
3t
(b)
10
5t
(c)
10
7t
(d)
10
9t

19. ) cosec ( sec
1
x

is equal to [Kurukshetra CEE 2001]

(a) ) (sec cosec
1
x

(b) x cot (c) t (d) None of these

20. ) (cos tan
1
x

is equal to [IIT 1993]

(a)
x
x
2
1
(b)
2
1 x
x
+
(c)
x
x
2
1 +
(d)
2
1 x


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21. =

) sin(cot
1
x [MNR 1987; MP PET 2001; DCE 2002]
(a)
2
1 x + (b) x (c)
2 / 3 2
) 1 (

+ x (d)
2
1
2
) 1 (

+ x
22. =

) cos(tan
1
x [MP PET 1988; MNR 1981]
(a)
2
1 x + (b)
2
1
1
x +
(c)
2
1 x + (d) None of these
23. =
(

|
.
|

\
|

25
7
cos cot
1
[Karnataka CET 1994]
(a)
24
25
(b)
7
25
(c)
25
24
(d) None of these
24. The value of x
1 1
cos tan cot sin

is equal to [Bihar CEE 1974]
(a) x (b)
2
t
(c) 1 (d) None of these
25. =
(

|
.
|

\
|

2
1
4
3
tan sin [EAMCET 1983]
(a)
5
3
(b)
3
5
(c)
25
9
(d)
9
25

26. = +

) 3 (cot osec ) 2 (tan sec
1 2 1 2
c [EAMCET 2001]
(a) 5 (b) 13 (c) 15 (d) 6




27. If , sin cos
1 1
x x

> then
(a) 0 < x (b) 0 1 < < x (c)
2
1
0 < s x (d)
2
1
1 < s x
28. If , 0 ) (sin ) (cos
2 1 2 1
>

x x then
(a)
2
1
< x (b) 2 1 < < x (c)
2
1
0 < s x (d)
2
1
1 < s x
29. The greatest and the least values of
3 1 3 1
) (cos ) (sin x x

+ are
(a)
2
,
2
t t
(b)
8
,
8
3 3
t t
(c)
8
7
,
32
3 3
t t
(d) None of these
30. If x satisfies the equation , 0 2
2
> t t then there exists a value for
(a) x
1
sin

(b) x
1
cos

(c) x
1
sec

(d) None of these

31. If , tan sec ) (
1 1
x x x f

+ = then ) (x f is real for
A Ad dv va an nc ce e L Le ev ve el l




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
(a) ] 1 , 1 [ e x (b) R x e (c) ) , 1 [ ] 1 , ( + e x (d) None of these
32. If

=
n
r
r
n x
2
1
1
, sin t then

=
=
n
r
r
x
2
1

(a) n (b) 2n (c)
2
) 1 ( + n n
(d) None of these
33.
5
2t
is the principal value of
(a) )
5
7
(cos cos
1
t

(b) )
5
7
(sin sin
1
t

(c) )
5
7
(sec sec
1
t

(d) None of these

34. The number of real solutions of ) , ( y x ; where t t 2 2 ), (cos cos , sin | |
1
s s = =

x x y x y is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
35. The set of values of k for which 0 ) 4 (sin sin
1 2
> +

kx x for all real x is
(a) | (b) ) 2 , 2 ( (c) R (d) None of these
36. x
x x
x x
1 1
2
2 2 1
cos
2
cos
4
1 . 1
2
1
cos

=

+ holds for
(a) 1 | | s x (b) R x e (c) 1 0 s s x (d) 0 1 s s x




37. If , 3 cos cos cos
1 1 1
t = + +

z y x then = + + zx yz xy [Karnataka CET 2003]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 3
38. The value of |
.
|

\
|


3
1
tan
2
1
tan tan
1 1
is [AMU 2001]
(a)
6
5
(b)
6
7
(c)
6
1
(d)
7
1

39. = |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

12
2
tan
11
1
tan
1 1
[DCE 1999]
(a) |
.
|

\
|

132
33
tan
1
(b) |
.
|

\
|

2
1
tan
1
(c) |
.
|

\
|

33
132
tan
1
(d) None of these
40. If , sin sin sin
1 1 1
t = + +

c b a then the value of ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
2 2 2
c c b b a a + + will be [UPSEAT 1999]
(a) abc 2 (b) abc (c) abc
2
1
(d) abc
3
1

41. If , tan tan tan
1 1 1
A y x

= then = A [MP PET 1988]
B Ba as si ic c L Le ev ve el l
Sum and Difference of Inverse Trigonometrical Function


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(a) y x (b) y x + (c)
xy
y x
+

1
(d)
xy
y x

+
1

42. If
4
3 tan 2 tan
1 1
t
= +

x x then x = [Roorkee 1978, 1980; MNR 1986; Karnataka CET 2002]
(a) 1 (b)
6
1
(c)
6
1
, 1 (d) None of these
43. If , cos
5
4
sin
5
3
cos
1 1 1
x

= then = x [AMU 1978]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 2
44. If , cot cot cot
1 1 1
x

= + | o then = x [MP PET 1992]
(a) | o + (b) | o (c)
| o
o|
+
+ 1
(d)
| o
o|
+
1

45. = +

19
8
tan
5
3
tan
4
3
tan
1 1 1
[AMU 1976, 1977]
(a)
4
t
(b)
3
t
(c)
6
t
(d) None of these
46. =
(

+

2
1
tan
3
1
tan cos
1 1
[MP PET 1991; MNR 1990]
(a)
2
1
(b)
2
3
(c)
2
1
(d)
4
t

47. =
+

y x
y x
y
x
1 1
tan tan (where 0 > > y x ) [EAMCET 1992]
(a)
4
t
(b)
4
t
(c)
4
3t
(d) None of these
48.
(

+

3
2
tan
5
4
cos tan
1 1
= [IIT 1983; EAMCET 1988; MP PET 1990; MNR 1992]
(a)
17
6
(b)
6
17
(c)
16
7
(d)
7
16

49. |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

9
2
tan
4
1
tan
1 1
= [EAMCET 1994]
(a) |
.
|

\
|

5
3
cos
2
1
1
(b) |
.
|

\
|

5
3
sin
2
1
1
(c) |
.
|

\
|

2
1
tan
1
(d) Both (a) and (c)
50. 3 cot
5
1
sin
1 1
+ is equal to [Karnataka CET 1995; MP PET 1993]
(a)
6
t
(b)
4
t
(c)
3
t
(d)
2
t

51. If 1 cos
5
1
sin sin
1 1
= |
.
|

\
|
+

x , then x = [UPSEAT 1994]




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c)
5
4
(d)
5
1

52. A solution of the equation
2
) 1 ( tan ) 1 ( tan
1 1
t
= + +

x x is [Karnataka CET 1993]
(a) x = 1 (b) x = 1 (c) x = 0 (d) t = x
53. If ,
36
23
tan
1 2
1 2
tan
1
1
tan
1 1 1
=
+

+
+

x
x
x
x
then x = [ISM Dhanbad 1973]
(a)
8
3
,
4
3
(b)
8
3
,
4
3
(c)
8
3
,
3
4
(d) None of these
54. If ,
2 4
5
sec
5
sin
1 1
t
= |
.
|

\
|
+

co
x
then = x [EAMCET 1983]
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d 3
55. = |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

7
1
tan
5
3
sin
1 1
[Karnataka CET 1994]
(a)
4
t
(b)
2
t
(c) |
.
|

\
|

5
4
cos
1
(d) t
56. If 3 tan , 2 tan
1 1
are two angles of a triangle, then the third angle is
(a)
4
t
(b)
4
3t
(c)
4
t
(d) None of these
57. If = + +

z y x
1 1 1
cos cos cos t then [Roorkee 1994]
(a) 0
2 2 2
= + + + xyz z y x (b) xyz z y x 2
2 2 2
+ + + =0 (c) 1
2 2 2
= + + + xyz z y x (d) 1 2
2 2 2
= + + + xyz z y x
58. If ,
2
tan tan tan
1 1 1
t
= + +

z y x then [Karnataka CET 1996]
(a) 0 = + + xyz z y x (b) 0 = + + + xyz z y x (c) 0 1 = + + + zx yz xy (d) 0 1 = + + zx yz xy
59. If , tan tan tan
1 1 1
t = + +

z y x then
zx yz xy
1 1 1
+ + = [MP PET 1991]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c)
xyz
1
(d) xyz



60. If we consider only the principal values of the inverse trigonometric functions, then the value of
|
|
.
|

\
|

) 17 (
4
sin
2 5
1
cos tan
1 1
is
[IIT 1994]
(a)
3
29
(b)
3
29
(c)
29
3
(d)
29
3

A Ad dv va an nc ce e L Le ev ve el l


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61. The sum of first 10 terms of the series ....... 21 cot 13 cot 7 cot 3 cot
1 1 1 1
+ + + +

is [Karnataka CET 1996]
(a) |
.
|

\
|

6
5
tan
1
(b) ) 100 ( tan
1
(c) |
.
|

\
|

5
6
tan
1
(d) |
.
|

\
|

100
1
tan
1

62. Sum of infinite terms of the series +
(

+ +
(

+ +
(

+

4
3
3 cot
4
3
2 cot
4
3
1 cot
2 1 2 1 2 1
.is
(a)
4
t
(b) 2 tan
1
(c) 3 tan
1
(d) None of these
63. .......
1
1
tan .........
18
1
tan
7
1
tan
3
1
tan
2
1 1 1 1
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ +
+ + + +

n n
to is equal [Karnataka CET 2000]
(a)
2
t
(b)
4
t
(c)
3
2t
(d) 0
64. If , sin sin sin
1 1 1
t = + +

z y x then ), ( 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
x z z y y x K z y x z y x + + = + + + where K = [UPSEAT 1997]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) None of these
65. The sum of the infinite series
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
|
.
|

\
|

+

) 1 (
1
sin .... ..........
12
2 3
sin
6
1 2
sin
2
1
sin
1 1 1 1
n n
n n
is
(a)
4
t
(b)
3
t
(c)
2
t
(d) t
66. If sum of the infinite series ..... ) 2 . 2 cot( ) 2 . 2 ( cot ) 2 . 2 ( cot ) 1 . 2 ( cot
4 3 1 2 1 2 1
+ + + +

is equal to
(a)
5
t
(b)
4
t
(c)
3
t
(d)
2
t

67. If ,
2
3
sin sin sin
1 1 1
t
= + +

z y x then the value of
101 101 101
100 100 100
9
z y x
z y x
+ +
+ + is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d) 9
68. If
4 3 2 1
, , , x x x x are roots of the equation , 0 sin cos 2 cos 2 sin
2 3 4
= + | | | | x x x x
then = + + +

4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
tan tan tan tan x x x x
(a) | (b) |
t

2
(c) | t (d) |
69. If
n
a a a a ........, , , ,
3 2 1
is an A.P. with common difference d, then =
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+


n n
a a
d
a a
d
a a
d
1
1
3 2
1
2 1
1
1
tan ..........
1
tan
1
tan tan
(a)
n
a a
d n
+

1
) 1 (
(b)
n
a a
d n
1
1
) 1 (
+

(c)
n
a a
nd
1
1 +
(d)
1
1
a a
a a
n
n
+

B Ba as si ic c L Le ev ve el l
Inverse Trigonometric Ratios of Multiple Angles




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
70. a
1
tan 3

is equal to [MP PET 1993]
(a)
2
3
1
3 1
3
tan
a
a a
+
+

(b)
2
3
1
3 1
3
tan
a
a a
+

(c)
2
3
1
3 1
3
tan
a
a a

(d)
2
3
1
3 1
3
tan
a
a a

71. If , tan
1
x A

= then = A 2 sin [MNR 1988; UPSEAT 2000]
(a)
2
1
2
x
x

(b)
2
1
2
x
x

(c)
2
1
2
x
x
+
(d) None of these
72. =

) 8 . 0 sin 2 sin(
1
[MNR 1980]
(a) 0.96 (b) 0.48 (c) 0.64 (d) None of these
73. If ,
9
1
) sin 2 cos(
1
=

x then = x [Roorkee 1975] [MNR 1980]

(a) Only
3
2
(b) Only
3
2
(c)
3
2
,
3
2
(d) Neither
3
2
nor
3
2

74. = |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

5
1
tan 2
17
15
cos
1 1
[EAMCET 1981]
(a)
2
t
(b) |
.
|

\
|

221
171
cos
1
(c)
4
t
(d) None of these
75. = |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|

7
1
tan
3
1
tan 2
1 1
[EAMCET 1983]
(a) |
.
|

\
|

29
49
tan
1
(b)
2
t
(c) 0 (d)
4
t

76. = +

3
1
tan 2
5
4
sin
1 1
[Dhanbad Engg. 1971]
(a)
2
t
(b)
3
t
(c)
4
t
(d) None of these
77. If x
b
b
a
a
1
2
1
2
1
tan 2
1
2
sin
1
2
sin

=
+
+
+
, then x = [MNR 1984]
(a)
ab
b a
+

1
(b)
ab
b
+ 1
(c)
ab
b
1
(d)
ab
b a

+
1

78. If ,
3
1
tan
1
tan
3 2
1
tan 3
1 1 1
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
x
then x equals [Pb. CET 2001; AMU 1992]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 3
79.
(
(

+
+ +

x x
x x
sin 1 sin 1
sin 1 sin 1
cot
1
= [UPSEAT 1986]
(a) x t (b) x t 2 (c)
2
t
(d)
2
x
t


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80. = |
.
|

\
|

5
4
cos
2
1
sin
1
[Karnataka CET 2003]
(a)
10
1
(b)
10
1
(c)
10
1
(d)
10
1




81. =
(
(

2
tan tan 2
1
u
b a
b a
[ISM Dhanbad 1976]
(a) |
.
|

\
|
+
+

u
u
cos
cos
cos
1
b a
b a
(b) |
.
|

\
|
+
+

b a
b a
u
u
cos
cos
cos
1
(c) |
.
|

\
|
+

u
u
cos
cos
cos
1
b a
a
(d) |
.
|

\
|
+

b a
b
u
u
cos
cos
cos
1

82. If x =

] ) [(cos tan ] ) [(cos cot
2 / 1 1 2 / 1 1
o o . Then = x sin [AIEEE 2002]
(a) |
.
|

\
|
2
tan
2
o
(b) |
.
|

\
|
2
cot
2
o
(c) o tan (d) |
.
|

\
|
2
cot
o

83. The value of

+
|
.
|

\
|

kx k x
x
kx k x
x
2 2
1
2 2
1
6
cos cos
3
sin sin
t t
, |
.
|

\
|
> < < 0 , 2
2
where k k x
k
is
(a)
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+

2 2
2 2
1
2
2
tan
k xk x
k xk x
(b)
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+

2 2
2 2
1
2
2
tan
k xk x
k xk x
(c)
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+

2 2
2 2
1
2 2 2
2 2
tan
k xk x
k xk x
(d) None of these
84. Solution of equation 0 )}] tan 2 {cot( cos 2 sin[
1 1
=

x is [UPSEAT 1998; Roorkee 1992]
(a) 1 = x only (b) 2 1 = x only (c) ) 2 1 ( = x only (d) All of these
85. The greater of the two angles ) 1 2 2 ( tan 2
1
=

A and |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=

5
3
sin
3
1
sin 3
1 1
B is [IIT 1992]
(a) B (b) A (c) C (d) None of these
86. =
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

3
5
cos
2
1
tan
1
[Roorkee 1986]
(a)
2
5 3
(b)
2
5 3 +
(c)
5 3
2

(d)
5 3
2
+


***





A Ad dv va an nc ce e L Le ev ve el l




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Inverse Trigonometrical Functions



ANURAG TYAGI CLASSES (ATC)












1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
b b b d a b c c b b d b d c a d d a a a
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
d b d a c c d d c c c b b c a c c d d a
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
c b b d a a b b d b d c d d a b d d b d
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
a b b b c b a b b d c a c d d a d b d a
81 82 83 84 85 86
a a c d b d








150
Assignment (Basic & Advance Level) Inverse Trigonometrical Functions