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Copyright 2012 NARI Technology Development Co., LTD., CHINA. All rights reserved. The document is printed in China.

These instructions do not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment, nor to provide for every possible contingency to be met during installation, operation, and maintenance. If further information is desired or if particular problems arise that are not covered sufficiently for the purchases purpose, the matter should be referred to NARI Technology Development Co., LTD. (NARI TECH), CHINA. This document contains proprietary information of NARI TECH and is furnished to its customer solely to assist that customer in the installation, testing, operation, and/or maintenance of the equipment described. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part nor shall its contents be disclosed to any third party without the written approval of NARI TECH.

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Safety Symbol Legend

Indicates a procedure, condition, or statement that, if not strictly observed, could result in personal injury or death. This equipment contains a potential hazard of electric shock or burn. Only personnel who are adequately trained and thoroughly familiar with the equipment and the instructions should install, operate, or maintain this equipment. Isolation of test equipment from the equipment under test presents potential electrical hazards. If the test equipment cannot be grounded to the equipment under test, the test equipments case must be shielded to prevent contact by personnel. To minimize hazard of electrical shock or burn, approved grounding practices and procedures must be strictly followed. To prevent personal injury or equipment damage caused by equipment malfunction, only adequately trained personnel should modify any programmable machine.

Indicates a procedure, condition, or statement that, if not strictly observed, could result in damage to or destruction of equipment.

Note

Indicates an essential or important procedure, condition, or statement.

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Contents
Chapter 1 Equipment Overview ................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6 System Overview ............................................................................................................................... 7 Hardware Overview.......................................................................................................................... 10 Software Overview ........................................................................................................................... 11 Technical Characteristics .................................................................................................................. 12 How to Get Help............................................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 2 Functional Description ............................................................................................................. 15 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Exciter Hardware .............................................................................................................................. 16 Exciter Configurations...................................................................................................................... 17 Power Conversion Cabinet ............................................................................................................... 18 Manual Ac/Dc Disconnect (Optional) ...................................................................................... 18 Power Conversion Module PCM.............................................................................................. 18 Bridge Rectifier ........................................................................................................................ 18 Snubber..................................................................................................................................... 19 Gate Pulse Amplifier ................................................................................................................ 20 Intelligent Control Circuit ........................................................................................................ 20 Cooling Fan Assembly ............................................................................................................. 20 Auxiliary Cabinet ............................................................................................................................. 21 De-excitation Module ............................................................................................................... 21 Field Circuit Breaker FCB........................................................................................................ 21 Discharge Resistor .................................................................................................................... 22 De-excitation SCR .................................................................................................................... 23 Freewheeling Diode De-excitation ........................................................................................... 23 Overvoltage Protection ............................................................................................................. 23 Field Flashing ........................................................................................................................... 24 Field Ground Detector .............................................................................................................. 24 Shaft Voltage Suppressor .......................................................................................................... 24 Control Cabinet NES5100 ................................................................................................................ 25 Power Supply System ............................................................................................................... 26 I/O System ................................................................................................................................ 27 Analog Variable Acquisition System ........................................................................................ 28 Calculation Control System ...................................................................................................... 29 Pulse System............................................................................................................................. 30 Exciter Software ............................................................................................................................... 32 Analog Measuring and A/D Converting ................................................................................... 33 Closed-loop Regulating ............................................................................................................ 34 Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR ........................................................................................... 34 Field Current Regulator FCR ................................................................................................... 35 Reactive Current Compensation RCC ...................................................................................... 35 Soft Field Flashing ................................................................................................................... 35 Automatic Tracking .................................................................................................................. 36 Over Excitation Limiter OEL ................................................................................................... 36 Under Excitation Limiter UEL ................................................................................................. 37 Power System Stabilizer PSS ................................................................................................... 37 Operator Interface NES_HMI .......................................................................................................... 38 Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview ............................................................................................. 39 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 39 Hardware Configuration ................................................................................................................... 40 Power Supply System ....................................................................................................................... 41
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EXB101 Pulse Power Supply Board ........................................................................................ 41 EXB102 System Power Supply Board ..................................................................................... 42 Control System and EXB103 CPU Board ........................................................................................ 43 Basic Feature ............................................................................................................................ 43 A/D Converter .......................................................................................................................... 43 Control Chip ............................................................................................................................. 43 Pulse Switch ............................................................................................................................. 44 CAN Hardware Design............................................................................................................. 44 Function Setting........................................................................................................................ 45 Analog Variable Sampling System ................................................................................................... 46 EXB104 Analog Board ............................................................................................................. 46 EXB105 Synchronizing Voltage Board .................................................................................... 47 I/O System ........................................................................................................................................ 48 EXB106 Digital Board ............................................................................................................. 48 EXB107 Extended Digital Board ............................................................................................. 48 Pulse System..................................................................................................................................... 49 EXB108 Pulse Amplifier Board ............................................................................................... 49 Chapter 4 Equipment Connection and Terminal Block I/O ...................................................................... 51 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 51 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 52 Equipment Connection ............................................................................................................. 53 Terminal Block I/O ................................................................................................................... 53 PT Input Terminal X101 ........................................................................................................... 55 CT Input Terminal X102 .......................................................................................................... 55 Digital Input Terminal X103 .................................................................................................... 55 Power Terminal X104 ............................................................................................................... 56 Communication Terminal X111................................................................................................ 56 Digital Output Terminal X113 .................................................................................................. 56 De-excitation Terminal ............................................................................................................. 57 Chapter 5 Human-Machine Interface ....................................................................................................... 58 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 58 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 59 Installation of NES_HMI ................................................................................................................. 60 System Requirements ............................................................................................................... 60 Install Software ......................................................................................................................... 60 Configurations for Communication .......................................................................................... 62 Displaying Signals ............................................................................................................................ 65 System Topology ...................................................................................................................... 65 Menu Overview ........................................................................................................................ 65 Reading the Display ................................................................................................................. 66 Fault Logger Display ........................................................................................................................ 68 Setting Parameters ............................................................................................................................ 69 Setting UEL/OEL Curve .................................................................................................................. 71 Test Wave Recording ........................................................................................................................ 73 Recording Test Wave ................................................................................................................ 73 Analyzing Waves Automatically .............................................................................................. 74 Sampling Oscillograph ..................................................................................................................... 75 Step Test ........................................................................................................................................... 76 System Parameter Configuration ...................................................................................................... 77 Comparing Parameters ..................................................................................................................... 78 Changing Control Mode ................................................................................................................... 79 Appendix A Ratings and Specifications ................................................................................................... 80 Appendix B Writers .................................................................................................................................. 83
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Chapter 1 Equipment Overview

Introduction
The NES5100 Excitation System (or NES5100 exciter) produces the field excitation current to control generator ac terminal voltage and/or the reactive volt-amperes. It is a full Static Excitation System designed for generators on both new and retrofit steam, gas, and hydro turbines. This chapter introduces the exciterthe purpose of which is to present a general product overview.

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System Overview
The exciter is a flexible modular system that can be assembled to provide a range of available output current and several levels of system redundancy. These options include power from a potential, compound, or auxiliary source. The single or multiple bridges, warm backup bridges, and simplex or redundant controls are available. An overview of the static excitation system is shown in Figure 1-1. The power for the exciter is drawn from a power potential transformer (PPT) connected to the generator terminals, or from an excitation transformer connected to an auxiliary bus. The generator line current and stator output voltage are the primary feedbacks to the exciter, and dc voltage and current are the controlled outputs to the exciter field. The NES5100 exciter supports Ethernet, RS232/RS485, CAN bus, and multiple communication protocols. Figure 1-2 is a simplified one line diagram of the exciter showing power source, generator current and voltage measurements, control module, power conversion module (PCM), and protection circuits. In the potential source system, the secondary of the PPT is connected to the input of a 3-phase full-wave inverting thyristor bridge. The inverting bridge provides both positive and negative forcing voltage for optimum performance. The negative forcing provides fast response for load rejection and de-excitation. The excitation control results from phase controlling the output of the SCR bridge circuit. The SCR firing signals are generated by digital regulators in the controller. In the redundant control option (Figure 1-1), either A or B can be the active master controller. The dual independent firing circuits and automatic tracking are used to ensure a smooth transfer to the standby controller.

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Figure 1-1 Overview of Generator and Exciter System

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Figure 1-2 Exciter One Line Diagram Page 9

Hardware Overview
The NES5100 exciters hardware is contained in three kinds of cabinets as follows: Control Cabinet for the control, communication, and I/O Auxiliary Cabinet for field flashing and protection circuits such as de-excitation and shaft voltage suppression Power Conversion cabinet for power SCR cells, cooling fans, ac/dc disconnects The exciter power converter consists of bridge rectifier, RC filter configuration, and control circuitry. An outside view of exciter cabinets is shown in Figure 1-3. The components and bridge size vary for different excitation systems and for the power output required.

Figure 1-3 NES5100 Exciter Cabinets

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Software Overview
The software composition includes three aspects: embedded Operating System, Operator Interface, and Excitation Application Software. They are combined to create the required system functionality. The NES5100 exciters definition and configuration parameters are stored in flash memory, while variables are stored in random-access memory (RAM). The Excitation Application Software consists of two parts, namely Main Flow and Controlling & Regulating Program. The Main Flow located in the main task area could complete the initialization of Excitation Application Software and the judgment of set states; the Controlling & Regulating Program with 3.3ms interruption could complete all excitation controlling and regulating functions, and ensures the quick and precision control and adjustment. The control selects one of two modes, either generator voltage regulation (Auto Regulation), or direct control (voltage, current, fixed firing angel, or power factor, depending upon the application). Generator protection functions are integrated in the controlling program, including over/under-excitation limiter, V/Hz limiter, and power system stabilizer (PSS). The Operator Interface running on a touch-screen iPC has intuitive show about excitation system, emulating traditional analog controls and including blocks like Control CabinetPower Conversion CabinetAuxiliary Cabinet, PPT, and etc. The blocks can be operated while the exciter is running. The dynamically varied I/O values of each block can be observed in real time, which is valuable during system startup or troubleshooting.

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Technical Characteristics

Summary characteristics for the exciter are as follows: for further details refer to Appendix. Unit Specific ratings are provided on equipment nameplate and supercede all information herein.

NES5100 Specification Power Conversion Module (PCM) Single bridge rating Parallel bridge rating Forcing requirements Power Sources Power for the PCM - Voltage source

Description

250~4,000 A dc at up to 1,500 V ac 8,000 A dc at up to 1,500 V ac, with up to 6 bridges 200% of design Amperes (EDA) for 20 s at 40 C

Power for the PCM -VA (power) Power for the PCM - Frequency Power to the Cooling Fans (3) Flashing power

Control power

Auxiliary bus Generator terminals Compound Source 3,500 KVA (300MW version) 3-phase 50/60 Hz 10 A rms, 380 V ac single source Battery source 110~250 V dc, with up to 40 A for at least 10s 220/380 V ac, 50/60 Hz single-phase auxiliary source Two ac sources and two dc sources 110/220 V ac and 110/220 V dc

Input/output Potential transformers (PTs) Current transformers (CTs, 1 or 5 A) Digital inputs Digital outputs

QTY 2 2 40 32

3-phase standard, single-phase available 100 V ac nominal, 1 VA nominal burden Any two phases, single phase is available 1 VA nominal burden Customer contact, 24 V dc supplied by ECTB At 24 V dc with relay break characteristics

Cabinet Dimensions & Weight Redundant control with dual PCM Redundant converter in a three-cabinet lineup Weight of Converter cabinet

Width 6600 mm Height 2360/2260 mm Depth 1200 mm 2,400 kg Page 12

Weight of Total Lineup (Converter, Control, and Auxiliary cabinets) Cabinet type, control & auxiliary Cabinet type, power conversion Power and Control Cable Access

4,200 kg NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), convection cooled NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), forced air cooled Entrances from the top and/or bottom

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How to Get Help

If help is needed beyond the instructions provided in the system documentation, contact NARI TECH as follows: NARI Technology Development Co., LTD 20 Gaoxinlu, High Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China Phone: + 86 800-8289-822 Fax: + 86 25 58844337

[email protected]

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Chapter 2 Functional Description

Introduction
This chapter describes the function of the NES5100 exciter and the individual control and protection circuits. The power supplies and the distribution of power are also covered.

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Exciter Hardware
The NES5100 exciter consists of the following basic components. Power Potential Transformer PPT (mounted separate from exciter) Power Conversion Module PCM and cooling fans Controllers and I/O terminal Field flashing Field Circuit Breaker FCB Over voltage protection Control power supplies Operator Interface

Optional components that can be added to the exciter are: Auxiliary power source (bus-fed) Crowbar module Dc disconnect Ac disconnect Shaft voltage suppressor Field ground detector Ac 3-phase RC filter

The control hardware is basically the same as the different types of excitation. The power conversion hardware is defined by application requirements, which therefore determines the exciter bridge size.

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Exciter Configurations
The NES5100 exciter can be supplied with single or redundant control and with single or redundant bridges, depending on current requirement. An example of NES5100 exciter configuration is shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 NES5100 Exciter Configuration

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Power Conversion Cabinet

The typed FLZ Power Conversion cabinet contains PCM, Gate Pulse Amplifier, and manual ac/dc disconnect (optional). Three-phase power for the PCM comes from a PPT external to the exciter. The ac supply goes into Power Conversion cabinet through ac circuit breaker (if supplied).

Manual Ac/Dc Disconnect (Optional)

The manual ac disconnect switch serves as a disconnect device between the secondary of the power potential transformer and the rectifier bridge. It is a 3-phase, non-automatic, panel-mounted switch, which is manually operated for isolating the ac input supply. It is a no-load disconnect device. The manual dc disconnect switch provides a disconnect device between the generator field and the rectifier bridge. It is a 2-pole, non-automatic, panel-mounted switch, which is manually operated for isolating the dc output way. It is a no-load disconnect device.

Power Conversion Module PCM

The exciter PCM includes the bridge rectifiers, dc leg fuses, and thyristor protection circuitry (for example, snubbers, filters, and fuses). The components vary for different bridge ratings based on the power output required.

Bridge Rectifier
Each bridge rectifier is a 3-phase full-wave thyristor bridge. The bridge has six SCRs (thyristors) controlled by Gate Pulse Amplifier as shown in Figure 2-2. Heat is dissipated through large aluminum cooling fins and forced air flow from fans.

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Figure 2-2 Power Bridge

Snubber
The snubbers are a RC circuit, either from the anode to the cathode of each SCR, or composing a 3-phase full-wave bridge paralleled with 3-phase full-wave thyristor bridge. The snubbers perform the following functions to protect the SCRs. Limit the rate of change of current through the SCRs and provide a current dump to aid in starting conduction. Limit the rate of change in voltage across the cell and, during cell commutation, limit the reverse voltage that occurs across the cell. Three-phase input power is fed to the bridge from the secondary of the PPT, either directly or through an ac disconnect. With inverting bridge designs, the bridge is capable of negative forcing voltage, which provides fast response for load rejection and de-excitation. The dc current output of the bridge is fed through a shunt, and on some designs Page 19

a contactor to the generator field. The bridge design utilizes dc leg fuses to protect the SCRs from over-current.

Gate Pulse Amplifier

The gate pulse amplifier interfaces the control to the power bridge. The gate pulse amplifier takes the gate commands from the EXB108 board in Control cabinet, and generates the gate firing pulses for six SCRs (Silicon Controlled Rectifiers).

Intelligent Control Circuit

In the exciter, the intelligent control circuit is used for current conduction feedback, bridge airflow, temperature monitoring, and for cooling fans control as well. A RT (Resistance Temperature) is used to monitor the temperature. The cooling fans control is activated by a combination of bridge current, temperature, and airflow pressure.

Cooling Fan Assembly

The SCR bridge assembly is cooled with forced air. Basically two overhead or under head fans are used, depending on the bridge current and temperature. The fans are powered by 3-phase 380 V ac from station supply.

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Auxiliary Cabinet
Basically, there are three kinds of auxiliary cabinet: Typed FLR cabinet is mainly equipped with discharge resistor Typed FLK cabinet is mainly equipped with field circuit breaker (FCB) Typed FLM cabinet is mainly equipped with both discharge resistor and FCB. Normally FLM is not used in the large scale static generator. The auxiliary cabinet is located next to the power conversion cabinet and contains modules to protect generator and to provide startup dc power. The modules for de-excitation, overvoltage protection, field flashing, field ground detector and shaft voltage suppression are mounted in this kind of cabinet.

De-excitation Module
During any shutdown, the energy stored in the generator field must be dissipated. In a normal shutdown, a stop is initiated by an operator. The bridge is fired at retard limit and sufficient time is allowed for the field to decay before FCB is opened. During an abort stop (trip), FCB is opened immediately. The stored field energy must be dissipated through some other means.

Field Circuit Breaker FCB

The FCB located in the generator field circuit provides a breakpoint between bridge and generator field. The FCB is normally actuated by an upper-controller or excitation controller. The auxiliary contacts from FCB are routed back as feedback signals. Figure 2-3 shows options of three types of FCB.

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Figure 2-3 Three Types of Field Circuit Breaker FCB

Discharge Resistor
NES5100 exciter could be equipped with linear resistor or ZnO/SiC nonlinear resistor as discharge resistor so as to meet the requirements from different generators and customers. The generator with strong damping is usually equipped with linear resistor for de-excitation; however nonlinear resistor is used in generator with weak damping. The ZnO nonlinear resistor has much better nonlinearity compared with SiC, and been widely applied in the projects. Nonlinear resistor is also used in overvoltage protection circuit. Figure 2-4 shows some types of discharge resistor.

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Figure 2-4 Types of Discharge Resistor

De-excitation SCR
For customers requiring a rapid de-excitation, a de-excitation SCR is provided. This SCR is fired to provide a conduction path through the field discharge resistor (or inductor) for the field current to flow and dissipate the field energy. The de-excitation SCR is usually activated by auxiliary contacts representing the status of the de-excitation breaker.

Freewheeling Diode De-excitation

For de-excitation, the dissipation of the field current after dc contactor opens can be done with a freewheeling diode. This diode is connected from the generator field negative lead (anode) to the positive lead (cathode). The reverse voltage causes current to flow through the diode, and the discharge resistor causes the current decay.

Overvoltage Protection
For overvoltage protectiona SCR is fired when its anode to gate voltage exceeds a breakdown voltage of BOD which connected between the anode and gate. De-excitation modules and overvoltage protection module can be connected across dc output of exciter.

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Field Flashing
The field flashing module is provided on generator terminal fed excitation systems. It supplies initial exciter current and builds generator voltage, supplying approximately 10% - 15% of no-load field current from the station batteries during the startup sequence. If large machines require ac field flashing, the ac power is supplied through an isolation transformer. Both designs require customer supplied power.

Field Ground Detector

The generator field winding is electrically isolated from ground. The existence of one ground usually does not damage the rotor. However, the presence of two or more grounds in the field winding path causes magnetic and thermal imbalances and localized heating, which may damage the rotor forging or other metallic parts. The function of the field ground detector is to detect a ground path from any exciter component connected to and including the main field windings.

Shaft Voltage Suppressor

The excitation systems, which produce a dc voltage from ac through a solid state rectification process, produce ripple and spike voltages at the exciter output. Due to their rapid rise and decay times, these voltages are capacitively coupled from the field winding to the rotor body. This creates a voltage on the shaft relative to ground. Shaft voltage, if not effectively controlled, can be damaging to both journals and bearings. The shaft voltage suppressor is a filter that conducts the high frequency components of the induced voltages to ground.

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Control Cabinet NES5100

The control cabinet, also typed NES5100 regulator, contains touch-screen iPC, I/O terminal, power supplies and two regulators named A and B (either A or B can be the active master control). Figure 2-5 shows 8 PCB boards arrangement of simplex NES5100 regulator. They communicate and connect with each other through backplane (Figure 2-6). Heat of boards is dissipated through aluminum cooling fins.

EXB101

EXB102

EXB103

EXB104

EXB105

EXB106

EXB107

EXB108

Synchronizing Voltage Board

System Power Supply Board

Pulse Power Supply Board

Extended Digital Board

Pulse Amplifier Board

Analog Board

Digital Board

Figure 2-5 Boards Arrangement of Simplex NES5100 Regulator

CPU Board

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Figure 2-6 Backplane of Simplex NES5100 Regulator

NES5100 regulator contains functional systems as follows: Power supply system I/O terminal system Analog variable acquisition system Calculation control system Pulse system

Power Supply System

Generally, NES5100 control cabinet has two ways of ac power supply and one way of dc power supply. Ac power supply passes through isolation transformer, and dc power supply passes directly into EXB101 board. Power supply input for EXB102 board is adapted from EXB101 (AC/DC). Specifications of the input power supply for boards: AC220V/DC220VAC110V/DC110V. The isolation transformer types: AC 220/ AC 190, AC 220/ AC 100 Output Voltage: Page 26

EXB101: 24V pulse power EXB102: +12V:0.5A -12V:0.5A 5V (I):4A 24V (digital input):0.6A 24V (digital output):0.6A 5V (II):0.1A

Figure 2-7 Schemes of Power Supply System

I/O System
NES5100 control cabinet could communicate and connect within the excitation system and with other devices (such as DCS or upper controller) through I/O system. The main functions of I/O system are as follows: The commands and status are transmitted into microprocessor-based control system in the form of digital variable through I/O system, then calculation and control results are transmitted into relevant devices in the same form. Page 27

Figure 2-8 Scheme of I/O System

Analog Variable Acquisition System

Analog variable acquisition is an important part of closed-loop control and calculation in excitation system. Acquisition data: UF1(A,B,C), UF2(dc), IF(A,B,C), IL(A,B,C) , UT(A,B,C), S(A,B,C), -12V, +12V, 5V, 3.3V, 1.8V, temperature of board EXB101 /EXB102

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Figure 2-9 Scheme of Analog Variable Acquisition System

Calculation Control System

Calculation control system is the core of NES5100 regulator; the main functions include calculation, communication, control and detection. Calculation: Calculate the amplitude and measure the frequency of analog variables. Communication: 1. Dual CAN 2. RS232/RS485 protocol 3. GPS time tick 5. Ethernet (site monitoring communication)

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Figure 2-10 Scheme of Calculation Control System

Pulse System
The function of pulse system is to ensure the correctness of the pulse and the stability of the excitation system.

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Figure 2-11 Scheme of Pulse System

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Exciter Software
The excitation application program consists of two parts, named main flow and control program. Figure 2-12 shows the main flow diagram which is located in the main task, operates once every about 160ms, and could complete the initialization to excitation application program and the judgment of set states. Figure 2-13 shows an overview of the exciter control program with main control functions. The control program is located in 3.3ms interruption, could complete all excitation regulating and control functions, and ensures the quick and accurate control and regulating.

Start

Idle?

Yes

Idle Initialization

Status Checking

No

Yes Waiting

Waiting Initialization

Status Checking

No

Excitation Start?

Yes

Excitation Starting Initialization

Status Checking

No

Excitation Stop?

Yes

Status Checking

No

Status Checking

End

Figure 2-12 Block Diagram of State Test

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In main flow, the set states are classified into idle, waiting, startup and shutdown. The state test module completes the judging of set state and the converting among states. Generally, the state conversions include converting idle into waiting, waiting into startup in case it is judged under waiting state that the conditions for startup are satisfied, startup into shutdown in case it is judged under startup that the conditions for shutdown are satisfied, and shutdown into idle after time delay. The startup condition and shutdown condition may be completed through logic configuration according to different requirements of each generator.

Figure 2-13 Schematic Diagram of NES5100 AVR Control Program

The output of control program is the firing command. The firing signal is sent to the bridge to generate the field current. The individual function blocks are discussed in the later section.

Analog Measuring and A/D Converting

The exciter will measure analog quantities such as stator voltage/current Page 33

Uga, Ugb, Ugc, Iga, Igb, Igc, field current Ifa, Ifb, Ifc (anodic current of rectifier bridge), and synchronous voltage Usyna, Usynb and Usync. The exciter will calculate stator voltage/current, synchronous voltage, active/reactive power, power factor and field current. Through analog board and synchronous voltage board, regulator separates voltage (100V) and current (5A) signals, converts them into 10V voltage signals, transmits the signals to A/D converter on CPU board, and then converts analog signals into digital signals.

Closed-loop Regulating
The aim of excitation regulator is to guarantee the regulated quantity tracking corresponding setpoint in real-time.

Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR

The AVR maintains the generator terminal voltage. The setpoint (reference) is generally adjusted by excitation raise and lower commands (remote/local). The feedback is the generator voltage. The error between setpoint (reference) and feedback is an input to a proportional plus integral differential (PID) regulator with limit protection, which produces an output signal. Figure 2-14 shows the diagram of AVR PID regulation.

Figure2-14 Diagram of AVR PID Regulation

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Field Current Regulator FCR

The FCR uses the generator field current as the feedback input. The aim of FCR is to maintain the generator field current. The current setpoint (reference) is generally adjusted by excitation raise and lower commands (remote/local). The FCR is mainly used in excitation experiment or AVR fault for an example, PT disconnected. Figure 2-15 shows the diagram of FCR PID regulation.

Figure2-15 Diagram of FCR PID Regulation

Reactive Current Compensation RCC

The RCC is an important parameter for the reactive power of generator, and is especially important for running multiple generators in enlarged unit connection. The RCC has two functions. On the one hand, RCC is to determine the proportional distribution of reactive power generation in steady state of common bus machine set; and on the other hand, the RCC is to determine the proportional distribution of reactive power generation increment of generator set in case of system voltage fluctuation.

Soft Field Flashing

The soft field flashing will prevent overshoot to terminal voltage during excitation flashing. After receiving the startup command, the exciter will start field flashing and step-up immediately. When the terminal voltage is over 10% rated value, regulator will gradually increase the given value at an adjustable speed to make the generator voltage rise to Page 35

the set value.

Automatic Tracking
The automatic tracking function ensures the steady switching over from the mode of automatic voltage regulating (AVR) to the mode of field current regulating (FCR), and from channel A to channel B. The switching over will possibly be automatic or manual. The later is caused by failures (for example, PT failure). The automatic tracking will indicate the tracking between two independent automatic channels, and the difference of signals between the master and standby channels. The logic diagram of dual-channel switching over is shown in Figure 2-16:

Figure 2-16 Logic Diagram of Dual-channel Switch Over

Over Excitation Limiter OEL

The over-excitation to generator reflects the changes in each electric parameter, and mainly embodies high exciting current, reactive power overload and stator over current. To ensure the safe running of generator, NES5100 exciter contains over-current overheating limit, reactive power over-excitation limit, instantaneous force excitation limit and V/Hz limit, to aim at the major electric quantities reflecting over excitation. Page 36

Under Excitation Limiter UEL

The UEL is an auxiliary control to limit the automatic voltage regulator demand for underexcited reactive current (or reactive power). The UEL prevents reduction of the generator excitation to a level where the small-signal (steady state) stability limit or the stator core end-region heating limit is exceeded. Performance is specified by identifying the region of limiter action on the generator capability curve. There is both a setpoint section and regulator section of the UEL. The two key inputs are generator terminal voltage and real power.

Power System Stabilizer PSS

The PSS provides an additional input to the automatic regulator to improve power system dynamic performance. A number of different quantities may be used as inputs to the PSS, such as shaft speed, frequency, synchronous machine electrical power, accelerating power, or some combination of the above. The PSS used with the exciter is multi-input using a combination of synchronous machine electrical power and internal frequency (which approximates rotor speed) to arrive at a signal proportional to rotor speed. This comes from the integral of accelerating power, but with shaft torsional signals greatly attenuated. The frequency input signal is derived from calculation in control program; the electrical power input signal is derived from generator terminal quantity without the need for transducers. No additional external hardware is required.

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Operator Interface NES_HMI

The NES5100 exciter is equipped with NES_HMI (NARI Excitation System Human Machine Interface) software as a communication tool. This software consists of intelligent monitoring software and communication middleware OPC Server. NES_HMI is composed of the following modules: System topology view Fault log Parameter setting Over/under-excitation curve Test waveform recording Sampling oscillograph Step test Parameter comparison Communication variable configuration

NES_HMI can meet the demands of running, monitoring, controlling and debugging to excitation system.

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Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview

Introduction
This chapter describes the NES5100 exciters printed wiring boards and their operations. These boards fall into five functional groups: Power Supply System, Analog Variable System, Control System, I/O System, and Pulse System. In order to ensure the reliability of the excitation system, these boards are designed and manufactured by NARI TECH according to military standard. In addition, NARI TECH takes into consideration about the preventions from electromagnetic interference, dust and heat radiation.

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_________________________________________________________________________________

Hardware Configuration
There are eight boards for simplex NES5100 regulator. Figure 3-1 shows a sketch map, and table 3-1 shows the board names.

Figure 3-1 Sketch Map of Boards of Simplex NES5100 Regulator

Table 3-1: Board Names

Board No. EXB101 EXB102 EXB103 EXB104 EXB105 EXB106 EXB107 EXB108 Board Name Pulse Power Supply Board System Power Supply Board CPU Board Analog Board Synchronizing Voltage Board Digital Board Extended Digital Board Pulse Amplifier Board

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Power Supply System

Generally, NES5100 exciter is fed by two AC power and one DC power supplies. AC power goes into EXB101 through an isolation transformer, and DC power goes directly into EXB101. The EXB102s input power is adapted from EXB101 (AC/DC). Figure 3-2 shows the power supply system diagram.

Figure 3-2 Power Supply System

EXB101 Pulse Power Supply Board

The EXB101 pulse power supply board is used to supply +24V/72W power for EXB108. The block diagram and view are shown in Figure 3-3.

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Figure 3-3 EXB101 Block Diagram and Outlook View

EXB102 System Power Supply Board

This board is of dual power supply inputs: AC220V, DC220V (or DC110V), Its outputs are as follows:

+12V: 0.5A
-12V: 0.5 A 5V (I): 4A 5V (II): 0.1A 24V (digital input): 0.6 A 24V (digital output): 0.6 A The block diagram and view are shown in Figure 3-4

Figure 3-4 EXB102 Block Diagram and Outlook View

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Control System and EXB103 CPU Board

The control system is the core of NES5100 exciter, and EXB103 CPU board is the central control board. The main functions include calculation, communication, control and detection.

Basic Feature
Send the analog signal from the Analog Board to A/D converter Compute and produce small pulse according to the results of A/D Send output signals which depend on logic program to Digital Measure frequency and detect pulse read-back. Realize switching over between channel A and channel B, and Communication functions: the communication mode includes

for sampling. sampling and input digital signal. Board.

between manual mode and automatic mode. Dual-CAN, 485, 232, GPS, and Ethernet.

A/D Converter
It converts analog signal regulated by EXB104 and EXB105 into digital signal. The Automatic channel uses 16-bit bi-polar multi-channel A/D converter which features as low power consumption (160mw). The AD7656 A/D converter contains a low-noise wideband track, holds amplifier so as to process signals with input frequency as high as 8 MHz, and has high-speed parallel/serial interfaces, allowing connection between the A/D converter and microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP). Working with MAX309 multi-way switch, this A/D converter realizes synchronizing power. Manual channel is equipped with 12-bit A/D converter (ADC) DSP which samples the field current. sampling to one-way three-phase voltage and three-phase current, which ensures accurate measurement of reactive

Control Chip
The automatic channel uses 32-bit ARM chip and large-scale Page 43

programmable control chip FPGA as the control core, which could control and compute according to A/D sampling results and input signals, send control pulse, output digital signal, measure frequency and detect pulse read-back. The 32-bit ARM chip has a powerful communication capability and supports communication protocol including Ethernet 10/100M Base-T and USB2.0. The manual channel uses 16-bit DSP as control chip which completes analog signal sampling and pulse producing.

Pulse Switch
When NES5100 excitation regulator operates normally, automatic channel and manual channel will send control pulse according to calculation respectively, then judge whether the control pulse is from automatic channel or manual channel, and then send the control pulse to pulse amplification board. See Figure 3-5.

Figure 3-5 Block Diagram of Pulse Switch

CAN Hardware Design

Dual-CANs are applied to communicate between channel A and channel B. The CAN controller uses independent CAN controller SJA1000 chip manufactured by Philips. The SJA1000 chip is a bus interface. Compared with ARM controller, the storage unit inside SJA100 chip is a data storage device outside the chip. The ARM controller uses GAL address decoder to select the correct location on SJA1000 chip by address busthus can decide the register address of CAN controller. By reading and writing external data memory, operator Page 44

can have an access to SJA1000 chip. The P82C250 by Philips is used as CAN transceiver. The PCA82C250 transceiver is the interface between CAN controller and physical bus. The PCA82C250 transceiver makes bus a differential transmitter and CAN controller a differential receiver. The PCA82C250 transceiver makes it possible to control both CAN networks and reach transmission speed as high as 1Mb/s.

Figure 3-6 EXB103 Block Diagram and Outlook View

Function Setting
If opening the front cover of EXB103 board, we can see a DB serial interface and four switches. The serial interface can be used to download program and parameters. The functions of the switches are as follows: Internal/external on Automatic/manual Selection of serial interface Operation/commissioning

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Analog Variable Sampling System

Analog variable sampling is an important part for closed-loop control and calculation in excitation system.

EXB104 Analog Board

EXB104 analog board performs signal conditioning. These signals include terminal voltage, system voltage, synchronizing voltage, stator current, rotor current. The signal conditioning is to isolate and convert the signals of high-peak voltage (100V)/ high-peak current (5A) into 10V voltage signals and to transmit the signals to CPU board; EXB104 also includes 4-channel 12-bit D/A outputs. As shown in Figure 3-7, UF1A-IN is a maximum 100V voltage signal. After conditioning by the circuit, it is converted into10V voltage signal. Figure 3-8 shows the current signal conditioning circuit principle diagram. IFA-IN is a big current signal (Maximum 5A). After conditioning by the circuit, it is converted into10V voltage signal.

-12V -12V
4 4

A A 1 2 3
8

UF1A-IN

SPT1

2 3

Ufa

XUFA

S1

4
8

12V 12V

Figure 3-7 Voltage Signal Conditioning Circuit Principle Diagram

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-12V

IFA-IN

SCT 4

2 1 3 U1A 12V XIFA

Figure 3-8 Current Signal Conditioning Circuit Principle Diagram

EXB105 Synchronizing Voltage Board

The main function of EXB105 Synchronizing Voltage Board is to convert synchronizing voltage (high voltage 100V) signal and then transmit it to CPU board. For different synchronizing frequency, selecting different jumpers and parameters of RC absorber is available.

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I/O System
The function of I/O system is to communicate the excitation system with other devices.

EXB106 Digital Board

There are 20-channels of optical isolated digital inputs and 16-channels of optical isolated relay contact digital outputs. The EXB106 has powerful display functions. The status of every digital can be indicated by lamp on the panel. Therefore, customer can observe status of digital board intuitively.

EXB107 Extended Digital Board

It has the same hardware and functions as EX106 Digital Board.

I1-IN
24VI

3 4

14 I1-in 13

GNDI

Figure 3-9 Digital Input Circuit Principle Diagram

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Pulse System
EXB108 Pulse Amplifier Board
The EXB108s main function is to amplify small pulses produced from EXB103 CPU Board and then output them, by sending small pulse to 6 CMOSs through optical isolation and level translation. The pulse switching relay primarily controls whether the pulse output. Normally closed contacts can ensure that pulse can still be output when operating power source is disconnected. The other function of EXB108 is to sample pulse and return it to CPU board to check if pulse has been lost. The EXB108 also has functions of power source detection and failure digital signal output. The function of power source detect can test +5V, 12V and 24V power source. If power down or power failure is detected, this function will immediately output a failure digital signal and make a switch over to another channel so as to ensure reliability of the system.

Figure 3-10 EXB108 Block Diagram and Outlook View

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The human body must be discharged before an electronic board is touched. This can be simply done by touching a conductive earthed point immediately beforehand. Almost all boards have highly integrated devices. These devices are extremely sensitive to over-voltage and thus to electrostatic discharges. Boards shall only be stored or transported in electrostatic shielding packing materials

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Chapter 4 Equipment Connection and Terminal Block I/O

Introduction
This chapter describes the customers equipment connections, and inputs and outputs (I/O) available through terminal blocks wiring.

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Overview
The electrical connection inside NES5100 exciter is designed by manufacturer. After alignment, cables should be connected to terminals according to the drawings. The cable connection between exciter and other equipments include signal loop, control loop and power supply. While selecting cables and wires, attention should be paid to their length and how they are laid. Both the sensitivity of interference and voltage drops increase with cable length. Cable clamps for its strain relief are fitted at the top or bottom of the cabinets. The cable clamps also serve as EMC grounding of the cable shield.

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Equipment Connection
Electrical connection inside NES5100 exciter is divided into primary circuit and secondary circuit. The primary circuit is connected by the bus bars. And the secondary circuit is connected by the cables. The cables are connected with heavy connectors. It is convenient to make the secondary circuit wired between the cabinets.

Terminal Block I/O

The inputs and outputs (I/O) are wired through the terminal blocks which are generally located at the back of the cabinets. Figure 4-1 shows a typical location of the terminal blocks of the control cabinet.

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Figure 4-1 Location of Terminal Blocks of Control Cabinet

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PT Input Terminal X101

The terminal block X101 is for PT input. This terminal block is connected with the secondary side of the excitation PT and measure PT. The PTs are nominal of 3-phase/100V ac of secondary output.

CT Input Terminal X102

The X102 terminal block is for CT input. This terminal block is connected with the secondary side of the stator CT and rotor CT. The CTs are nominal 3-phase/1A or 5A of secondary output.

Digital Input Terminal X103

The X103 terminal block is for digital input. This terminal block is connected with the remote control and status signals. The requirements of the digital input are as follows:

Signal Reference Value Higher Reference Value Lower Excitation On Excitation Off PSS On ECR Running Breaker Mark 95% Speed Mark

Description Pulse Pulse Pulse Pulse Level Level Level Level

Requirement 300ms500ms 300ms500ms 300ms500ms 300ms500ms Keeping Keeping Keeping Keeping

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Power Terminal X104

The X104 terminal block is for and connected with the power supply. The requirements of the power supply are as follows:

Usage Power of Ch A Power of Ch B Power of Ch A&B Aux. Power Aux. Power Field Breaker Power 1 Field Breaker Power 2 Fan Power 1 Fan Power 2 Flash Power

Voltage AC220V AC220V DC220V or DC110V AC220V AC220V DC220V or DC110V DC220V or DC110V AC380V AC380V DC220V or DC110V or AC380V

Capability (MAX) 400VA 400VA 800W 1000VA 1000VA 10A/2s 10A/2s Depending on practice Depending on practice Depending on practice

Communication Terminal X111

The X111 terminal block is for communication. The external communication interfaces of excitation controller are available with Ethernet, RS232/RS485, CAN bus and multiple protocols as well.

Digital Output Terminal X113

The X113 terminal block is for digital output. This terminal block contains all kinds of alarm and fault signals. Each of the output has two independent dry contacts. The digital outputs are generally included as follows:

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Signal Ch A Fault Ch B Fault FLZ Fault AVR Alarm PT Mark Flashing Failure OEL UEL Field Forcing Active V/F Limiter PSS is On AVR Mode PSS Active Ch A AC Lost Ch B AC Lost Ch A DC Lost Ch B DC Lost Rectifier Cabinet 1 Fault Rectifier Cabinet n Fault

Description Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact

Requirement Normally closed Normally closed Normally open Normally open Normally open Normally open Normally open Normally open Normally open Normally open Normally open Normally open Normally open Normally closed Normally closed Normally closed Normally closed Normally closed Normally closed Normally closed

De-excitation Terminal
Depending on the capacity of generator and configuration of the excitation system, NARI TECH provides two designs of the de-excitation: FLM cabinet, or FLK cabinet + FLR cabinet. For the above designs, the contacts are generally the same.

Signal FCB On FCB Off FCB AUX. Contact Over-Voltage Operating Power Lost Field Voltage Field Voltage Field Current Flash Power

Description Pulse Pulse Dry contact Dry contact Dry contact Actual Value 4-20mA 4-20mA

Requirement 500ms1000ms 500ms1000ms Normally open & closed Normally open Normally closed

DC220V or DC110V or AC380V Page 57

Chapter 5 Human-Machine Interface

Introduction
This chapter provides operating guidelines for the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) of NES5100 excitation system which is commonly called NES_HMI. Please read this manual carefully before starting work on the system. The NES_HMI software deals with the following operations Display of signals and operating values. Display and adjustment of parameters. Changing of operating modes. Display and record the waves of step test, examination, alarms, and real-time signals. Changing of software applications. Download and backup of parameters.

The changing of applications requires very thorough knowledge of the system and may only be carried out by trained personnel.

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Overview
The NES_HMI software runs under the platform of Windows XP plus OPC Server program and can be mounted in a control console, an industrial PC, or a laptop. The NES_HMI communicates with the NES5100 system through the network switch in the AVR Cabinet. It runs independently and provides support to the local control of the excitation system with several functions such as maintenance and commissioning. NES_HMI is organized as follows: System Topology Parameter Display and Setting Fault Logger Display UEL/OEL Curve Test Wave Recording Sampling Oscilloscope Step Test Parameter Comparison System Parameter Configuration.

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Installation of NES_HMI
System Requirements
The Minimum Requirements: Processor: Pentium CPU 166MHZ Memory: 64MB Hard disk: 1.0GB Screen: 16-bit true color VGA monitor800600 DPI Operating system: WINDOWS 2000/ XP

The Suggested Requirements: Processor: Pentium II CPU 300MHZ Memory: 256MB Hard disk:10 GB Screen: 16-bit true color VGA monitor800600 DPI Operating system: WINDOWS 2000/XP Communications Hardware: network switch

Install Software
Run Setup.exe to start the NES_HMI installation, click next to continue.

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Read the clause and apply agree to go on.

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Specify the path to the created directory using Browse, then click next to finish installation.

Configurations for Communication

Setting config.ini: Open config.ini in the c:\opcconfig directory, the following configurations are fundamental and may be carried out by trained personnel: [startmode]style: Exciter category, 1 for Static Excitation, 2 for [user]PowerStation: Name of the power plant. [avrcount]count: Number of NES5100 regulators, commonly 2 [1]ip: IP Address for Regulator A. [2]ip: IP Address for Regulator B. [opcserver]-Serve: Name and location of OPC Server. [steplimit]limitpercentMaximum value setting for step test (in [channelname]Titles of the 24 sampling channels. [curvename]Titles of the 15 wave records. [curvek]The rated code value of analog signals in the wave Page 62 AC Excitation.

for the redundant control system.

For example:\\10.144.85.170\nari.opcserver.1. percent).

records. [curvebase] rated value of analog signals in the wave records. The [curvevar]The units of analog signals in the wave records. [I/O]I/O signals configuration in the wave records. [lbtimediff]diffWave records interval, 0.0066s as default. [lbtimediff]multiModulus of time interval, 1 as default. [autolb] lbkg: Wave record configuration, 1for automatic, 0 for [autolb]maxlbperdayMaximum wave records per day.

manual.

Start OPC server: The OPC Server for NES_HMI needs registration before the first

running. Run register.exe in installation directory; enter the registration code in users manual to register. Connecting iPC with NES5100 regulator using Ethernet, run opc.exe to start OPC Server. If the connection is successfully made, OPC Server will automatically minimize to system tray. Register OPC Server to local computer: Choose OPC Server in the menu and click register to establish setting.

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Start NES_HMI from Client.exe: Start Client.exe from the installation directory or the shortcut on desktop.

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Displaying Signals
System Topology
The System Topology consists of typical elements and components of excitation control system, and shows animated graphics as the default display of the main interface. Some of the components are controllable as follows: AVR Component Stator Component, Rotor Component Power Conversion Cabinet Component

Menu Overview
The NES_HMI has active channel description displaying in a diagram on the top of main interface. The system menu on the left column consists of the following units: Page 65

Monitor Unit System Topology menu Topology display of the excitation system Model View menu The software functions of the NES5100 system Setting menu Working with parameters Error Log menu Setting and reading of the fault logger Exit menu Close the program. User name and password will be needed to confirm the operation About menu Information upon the software version Debugging Unit Excitation Limit menu Set Under /Over Excitation Limiter (UEL/OEL) curves. Curve View menu Record and observe test waves. Oscillograph menu Use the real time sampling oscilloscope. Step Setting menu Apply the step test. Model Switch menu Change the excitation controlling modes. Parameter Compare menu Compare parameters between channels Tools Parameter Creator menu Create and download parameter files

Reading the Display

Double-click a control component in System Topology to see If an alarm, limitation or fault signal happens, the AVR component

relevant information from a display graphic. flickers in red, yellow or purple with corresponding text prompts. The detailed I/O signals and information will be displayed in the AVR component graphic. If PT fault happens, the PT component flickers in red with Page 66

corresponding text prompts. For example, double click AVR, theres a display graphic shown as follows:

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Fault Logger Display

Click Err Log in main menu. The date and time display of fault logger is to be interpreted as follows:

Notes: 1. Switch between Types, A/B regulator or Time Range to choose a log. 2. The fault logger shows the latest 1,000 records.

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Setting Parameters
Apply Parameter Setting menu in MONITOR UNIT to get In Parameter Setting mode, most of the setting values of the Parameter Display. excitation system can be changed, e.g. sampling factors and settings of the voltage regulator. These settings may be carried out by the commissioning and maintenance personnel. Select parameter group, double click the Setting column of the setting parameter.

Change parameter value. It is available to select different display

formats and regulators.

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Confirm selection. Input user name and password to prompt If a new value of parameter change is confirmed with ENTER, the

settings. change acts immediately. However, it is only stored in the volatile memory of the NES5100 regulator. If a power supply failure happens, the new parameter is lost. In order to store it permanently, the Write A/B procedure must be carried out. Only the pilot regular in dual channel systems can be changed during operating.

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Setting UEL/OEL Curve

Apply Excitation Limit menu in DEBUGGING UNIT to set UEL/OEL curve.

Select an option card: Over-excitation Curve or Under-excitation Click Curve fitting, enter five points and confirm the setting, the In accordance with the commissioning and maintenance habits,

Curve. fitting curve will be shown in graph. five-point fitting reactive and active parameters are used in actual value, with the units of MVAR and MW.

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Select Channel A or B, apply Write Flash to download the

modification, only the pilot regular in dual channel systems can be changed during operating. Use A/B Read Back button to get the read back curves.

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Test Wave Recording

The Test Wave Records are substantial for the test on site, to record the changes of relevant parameters in excitation regulator. This step is manually operated by trained personnel. There is a data browsing paging window (named Data View) showing several important parameters of each regulator in graph.

Recording Test Wave

Select object A or B. In simplex control system, only channel A Select Data View paging and make sure the selected channel in

displays. recording, if not, apply recover record and wait for a few seconds till the wave buffer is full filled.

Apply Stop Record, the wave recorder switches to the wave Use Send Data to upload wave data of the latest 20 seconds. Page 73

view paging automatically.

Click View Curve and select the curves. file. Use Read File function to show a saved wave record. Take the Save File procedure to save as graphic file or ASCII

Note: The names of the signals in wave recorder are defined in text ..\config.ini.

Analyzing Waves Automatically

Select a wave record. Set up start point and end point in the graph by moving the cursor Apply automatic analysis. Several analyzed results of the wave

or inputting numbers.

will be shown in graph.

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Sampling Oscillograph
The sampling oscillograph provides real time data acquisition and graphical display of the 24 excitation regulator sampling channels. The data refreshes per 100ms. Its available to show multi channels at the same time, thus facilitates the fault diagnosis. signal. point. Start the display. Pause the display. Zoom in to show a regional graphic. Use the cursor to see the numerical value of a selected Select Oscillograph in the debugging unit to start. See the default graphic displaying the real scale of a

Note: The names of the signals in sampling oscillograph are defined in text ..\config.ini.

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Step Test
Start the Step Test module from Step testing menu in debugging unit.

Step test procedure: Confirm the working channel is in wave recording mode; if not, click Recover Record to restart. Select the Step Parameter, up step or down step. Enter the step amount in percent; the maximum value is defined in config.ini. Apply Start Step to start step test, the test stops after 20 seconds or stops immediately when End Step applied. Click End Record to save the latest 20 seconds data. Upload data and view select curves. Take the Save File procedure to save as graphic file or ASCII file.

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System Parameter Configuration

Create the download files
Apply the Parameter Creator from TOOLS menu.

Enter the local parameters of the excitation system. Click Save and Create Parameter to confirm configuration. Use Save function in Create Parameter File paging to save the Apply Create Downloading File and Create Head File

current data in the database of local computer. procedure; the created files are automatically saved in directory c:\opcconfig. Use the Read menu to upload the saved data. If selected, Parameter Conversion Tool window pops up automatically and Create Parameter may proceed to generate or refresh initial code value of all the parameters. Caution: The system parameters configuration may be carried on by NARI TECHs engineering staff, or by commissioning and maintenance personnel under professional guidance.

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Comparing Parameters
The parameters comparing module operates in dual channel systems to avoid different settings between channels. The initial values and definitions of parameters are essential for the normal excitation operation. In simplex control system, the procedure compares the channel A settings with local data of NES_HMI. Compare Parameters: Select Parameter Compare menu in Debugging unit.

Click Flash ReadBack to upload the parameters. Apply Compare to operate parameter comparison.

If the comparison result is inconsistent, the Comparing Result table displays in red with corresponding text.

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Changing Control Mode

The excitation regulator runs in the following controlling modes: Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) Manual Reference (MANUAL REF) Field Current Regulator (FCR) Power Factor Regulator Reactive Power Regulator

Changing Controlling Modes: Select Debug unit. Select MODE SWITCH menu. Change operating mode for an example, select FCR. The operation Confirm modification.

on a separate channel or both at the same time is available.

Notes: 1. In simplex control system in which theres only regulator A, Current Model and Model Switch for regulator B are invalid. 2. Utilize the data browsing diagram of channels to make sure a smooth switch.

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Appendix A Ratings and Specifications

The actual equipment rating is on your exciter nameplate. This appendix indicates the range of possible product offerings but not necessarily the capability of your exciter.

NES5100 Specification Power Conversion Module (PCM) Single bridge rating Parallel bridge rating Forcing requirements Power Sources Power for the PCM - Voltage source

Description

250~4,000 A dc at up to 1,500 V ac 8,000 A dc at up to 1,500 V ac, with up to 6 bridges 200% of design Amperes (EDA) for 20 s at 40 C

Auxiliary bus Generator terminals Compound Source

Power for the PCM -VA (power) Power for the PCM - Frequency Power to the Cooling Fans (3) Flashing power

3,500 KVA (300MW version) 3-phase 50/60 Hz 10 A rms, 380 V ac single source Battery source 110~250 V dc, with up to 40 A for at least 10s 220/380 V ac, 50/60 Hz single-phase auxiliary source

Control power

Two ac sources and two dc sources 110/220 V ac and 110/220 V dc

Input/output Potential transformers (PTs) Current transformers (CTs, 1 or 5 A) Digital inputs Digital outputs

QTY 2 2 40 32 3-phase standard, single-phase available 100 V ac nominal, 1 VA nominal burden Any two phases, single phase is available 1 VA nominal burden Customer contact, 24 V dc supplied by ECTB At 24 V dc with relay break characteristics

Control Automatic ac Voltage Regulation Field Current Regulation Proportional + Integral + differential Proportional + Integral + differential Page 80

Protection Features

Under Excitation Limiter (UEL) Over Excitation Limiter (OEL) Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Generator Field Ground detection Generator Overvoltage protection Loss of Excitation protection V/Hz limit Bridge Over Temperature Field Over Temperature Phase Unbalance PT Failure

Environmental Control & Protection Base controls cabinet Continuous operation in a 0 to 40 C ambient environment, with 5 to 95% humidity, non-condensing Base power bridge and auxiliary cabinet Continuous operation in a 0 to 40 C ambient environment, with 5 to 95% humidity, non-condensing Humidity Altitude Cooling 5 to 95% humidity, non-condensing Normal operation at 0 to 1000 m. Derate 10% per 1000 m above 1000 m Forced air cooling required for PCM cabinet

Vibration Seismic Shipping Operating/Installed at Site Universal Building Code (UBC) Seismic Code section 2312 Zone 4 72 hours at 0.3 G rms between 4 to 16 Hz 3 shocks of 15 G, 2 ms impulse for all three axes 1.0 G Horizontal, 0.5 G vertical at 15 to 150 Hz

Cabinet Dimensions & Weight Redundant control with dual PCM Redundant converter in a three-cabinet lineup Weight of Converter cabinet Weight of Total Lineup (Converter, Control, and Auxiliary cabinets) Cabinet type, control & auxiliary Cabinet type, power conversion Power and Control Cable Access NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), convection cooled NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), forced air cooled Entrances from the top and/or bottom Page 81 Width 6600 mm Height 2360/2260 mm Depth 1200 mm 2,400 kg 4,200 kg

Reliability MTBF - Mean Time Between Failures MTBF - Mean Time Between Failures MTTR - Mean Time to Repair Simplex system 25,000 hrs Redundant system 175,000 hrs Any subsystem 4 hrs

Acoustic Generated Acoustic Noise (Preliminary) PCM cabinet approximately 75 dB

Codes and Standards IEC 61000-4 IEC 801-4 IEC 1000-4-5 IEC 1000-4-6 IEEE 421.1 IEEE 421.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) P art4: Testing and measurement technique Electrical Fast Transient Susceptibility Surge Immunity Conducted RF Immunity Standard Definitions for Excitation Systems for Synchronous machines Guide for Identification, Testing, and Evaluation of the Dynamic Performance of Excitation Control Systems IEEE 421.3 IEEE 421.4 IEEE 421.5 IEEE C57.12.01 IEEE C57.110 High-Potential Test Requirements for Excitation Systems Guide for the preparation of Excitation Systems Specs Recommended Practice for Excitation Systems for Power Stability Studies General Requirements for Dry-Type Distribution & Power Transformers Recommended Practice for Establishing Transformer Capability when supplying Non-Sinusoidal Load Currents IEEE C57.116 IEEE C37.90.1 IEEE C57.18.10 IEEE Guide for Transformers Directly Connected to Generators Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) tests for Protective Relays and Relay Systems Practices and Requirements for Semiconductor Power Rectifier Transformers

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Appendix B Writers
The NES5100 Excitation System Users Guide is written by Ms. DENG Xiaojun Ms. LIU Lili Ms. MA Tengyu Mr. YUAN Wuqing Mr. WU Jie

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