Math 2065 Review Exercises For Exam II
Math 2065 Review Exercises For Exam II
Math 2065 Review Exercises For Exam II
1
=
1
0
(:)
Q(:)
-=o
and 1
1
(:) =
1
0
(:)
1
Q(:)
: o
.
Theorem 2 (Quadratic Partial Fraction Recursion). Let 1
0
(:) and Q(:) be polyno-
mials. Assume that o + /i is a complex number with nonzero imaginary part / = 0 such
that Q(o+/i) = 0 and n is a positive integer. Then there is a unique linear term 1
1
:+C
1
and polynomial 1
1
(:) such that
1
0
(:)
((: o)
2
+ /
2
)
a
Q(:)
=
1
1
: + C
1
((: o)
2
+ /
2
)
a
+
1
1
(:)
((: o)
2
+ /
2
)
a1
Q(:)
.
The linear term 1
1
: + C
1
and polynomial 1
1
(:) are computed as follows:
1
1
: + C
1
-=o+oi
=
1
0
(:)
Q(:)
-=o+oi
and 1
1
(:) =
1
0
(:) (1
1
: + C
1
)Q(:)
(: o)
2
+ /
2
.
1
Know how to apply the input derivative principle (Corollary 7, Page 95) to compute the
solution of an initial value problem for a constant coecient linear dierential equation
with elementary forcing function. See Section 3.1.
Know how to use the characteristic polynomial to be able to solve constant coecient
homogeneous linear dierential equations. (See Algorithm 4, Page 186.)
Know how to use the method of undetermined coecients to nd a particular solution of
the constant coecient linear dierential equation
oj
+ /j
+ cj = )(t)
where the forcing function )(t) is an exponential polynomial, i.e., )(t) is a sum of functions
of the form ct
I
c
o|
cos /t and dt
I
c
o|
sin /t for various choices of the constants o, /, c, and d,
and non-negative integer /. (See Algorithm 4, Page 190.)
The following is a small set of exercises of types identical to those already assigned.
1. (a) Complete the following denition: Suppose )(t) is a continuous function of exponen-
tial type dened for all t 0. The Laplace transform of ) is the function 1(:)
dened as follows
1(:) = ()(t))(:) =
0
c
-|
)(t) dt
for all : suciently large.
(b) Using your denition compute the Laplace transform of the function )(t) = 2t 5.
You may need to review the integration by parts formula:
nd = n
dn.
Solution. The Laplace transform of )(t) = 2t 5 is the integral
(2t 5)(:) =
0
(2t 5)c
-|
dt,
which is computed using the integration by parts formula by letting n = 2t 5 and
d = c
&|
dt, so that dn = 2 dt while =
1
-
c
-|
. Thus, if : 0,
(2t 5)(:) =
0
(2t 5)c
-|
dt
=
2t 5
:
c
-|
0
+
0
2
:
c
-|
dt
=
(
2t 5
:
c
-|
2
:
2
c
-|
)
0
=
5
:
+
2
:
2
.
2
The last evaluation uses the fact (veried in calculus) that lim
|
c
-|
= 0 and
lim
|
tc
-|
= 0 provided : 0.
2. Compute the Laplace transform of each of the following functions using the Laplace trans-
form Tables (See Pages 103104). (A table of Laplace Transforms will be provided to you
on the exam.)
(a) )(t) = 3t
3
2t
2
+ 7
1(:) = 3
3!
:
4
2
2!
:
3
+
7
:
=
18
:
4
4
:
3
+
7
:
.
(b) p(t) = c
3|
+ sin
2t
G(:) =
1
: + 3
+
2
:
2
+ 2
.
(c) (t) = 8 + cos(t,2)
H(:) =
8
:
+
2
:
2
+ 1,4
=
8
:
+
4:
4:
2
+ 1
.
3. Compute the Laplace transform of each of the following functions. You may use the
Laplace Transform Tables.
(a) )(t) = 7c
2|
cos 3t 2c
7|
sin 5t
1(:) =
7:
(: 2)
2
+ 9
10
(: 7)
2
+ 25
.
(b) p(t) = 3t sin 2t
Solution. Use the transform derivative principle: {t)(t)} (:) = 1
(:). Apply
this formula to the function )(t) = 3 sin 2t so that 1(:) = 6,(:
2
+ 4). Since p(t) =
t)(t), the transform derivative princple gives:
G(:) = 1
(:) =
12:
(:
2
+ 4)
2
=
12:
(:
2
+ 4)
2
.
(c) (t) = (2 t
2
)c
5|
Solution. Use the rst translation principle. Then
H(:) =
2
: + 5
2
(: + 5)
3
.
3
4. Find the inverse Laplace transform of each of the following functions. You may use the
Laplace Transform Tables.
(a) 1(:) =
7
(: + 3)
3
)(t) =
7
2
t
2
c
3|
.
(b) G(:) =
: + 2
:
2
3: 4
Solution. Use partial fractions to write
G(:) =
: + 2
:
2
3: 4
=
1
5
(
6
: 4
1
: + 1
)
.
Thus p(t) =
(
6c
4|
c
|
)
,5 .
(c) H(:) =
:
(: + 4)
2
+ 4
Solution. Since
H(:) =
:
(: + 4)
2
+ 4
=
(: + 4) 4
(: + 4)
2
+ 4
=
: + 4
(: + 4)
2
+ 4
2
2
(: + 4)
2
+ 4
,
it follows that (t) = c
4|
cos 2t 2c
4|
sin 2t .
5. Find the Laplace transform of each of the following functions.
(a) t
2
c
9|
2
(: + 9)
3
(b) c
2|
t
3
+ t
2
sin 5t
1
: 2
6
:
4
+
2
:
3
5
:
2
+ 25
(c) t cos 6t
d
d:
(
:
:
2
+ 36
)
=
:
2
36
(:
2
+ 36)
2
(d) 2 sin t + 3 cos 2t
2
:
2
+ 1
+
3:
:
2
+ 4
4
(e) c
5|
sin 6t
6
(: + 5)
2
+ 36
(f) t
2
cos ot where o is a constant
Solution. Use the transform derivative principal twice, applied to )(t) = cos ot.
Then, 1(:) = :,(:
2
+o
2
) and
{
t
2
cos ot
}
(:) = 1
(:). Since 1
(:) = (o
2
:
2
),(:
2
+
o
2
)
2
, the Laplace transform of t
2
cos ot is
1
(:) =
2:
2
6:o
2
(:
2
+ o
2
)
3
.
(b)
2: 18
:
2
+ 9
2 cos 3t 6 sin 3t
(c)
2: + 18
:
2
+ 25
2 cos 5t + (18,5) sin 5t
(d)
: + 3
:
2
+ 5
cos
5t + (3,
5) sin
5t
(e)
: 3
:
2
6: + 25
Solution. Since :
2
6: + 25 = (: 3)
2
+ 4
2
, we conclude:
1
{
: 3
:
2
6: + 25
}
= c
3|
cos 4t.
(f)
1
:(:
2
+ 4)
5
Solution. Use partial fractions to write
1
:(:
2
+ 4)
=
1
4
(
1
:
:
:
2
+ 4
)
,
so that
1
{
1
:(:
2
+ 4)
}
=
1
4
(1 cos 2t) .
(g)
1
:
2
(: + 1)
2
Solution. Use partial fractions to write
1
:
2
(: + 1)
2
=
1
:
2
2
:
+
1
(: + 1)
2
+
2
: + 1
,
so that
1
{
1
:
2
(: + 1)
2
}
= tc
|
+ 2c
|
+ t 2.
|
0
t(t t)
3
dt
=
|
0
t(t
3
3t
2
t + 3tt
2
t
3
) dt
=
|
0
(
t
3
t 3t
2
t
2
+ 3tt
3
t
4
)
dt
=
(
t
3
t
2
2
t
2
t
3
+
3
4
tt
4
t
5
5
)
|
0
= t
5
(
1
2
1 +
3
4
1
5
)
=
t
5
20
.
8. Using the table of convolutions (Page 167), compute each of the following convolutions:
6
(a) (1 + 3t) c
5|
Solution.
(1 + 3t) c
5|
= 1 c
5|
+ 3t c
5|
=
|
0
c
5t
dt + 3
(
c
5|
(1 + 5t)
25
)
=
1
5
(c
5|
1) + 3
(
c
5|
(1 + 5t)
25
)
=
8c
5|
8 15t
25
.
(b) (1,2 + 2t
2
) cos
2t 2t
3
2
4
sin
2t
(c) (c
2|
3c
4|
) (c
2|
+ 4c
3|
) tc
2|
5
2
c
2|
+ 16c
3|
27
2
c
4|
9. Solve each of the following dierential equations by means of the Laplace transform:
(a) j
3j
+ 2j = 4, j(0) = 2, j
(0) = 3
Solution. As usual, Y = (j). Applying to both sides of the equation gives
:
2
Y (:) 2: 3 3(Y (:) 2) + 2Y (:) =
4
:
and solving for Y (:) gives:
Y (:) =
2:
2
3: + 4
:(: 2)(: 1)
=
:
+
1
: 1
+
C
: 2
=
2
:
3
: 1
+
3
: 2
,
where the last two lines represent the decomposition of Y (:) into partial fractions.
Taking the inverse Laplace transform gives
j(t) = 2 3c
|
+ 3c
2|
.
(b) j
+ 4j = 6 sint, j(0) = 6, j
(0) = 0
7
Solution. As usual, Y = (j). Applying to both sides of the equation and
solving for Y gives:
Y (:) =
6:
:
2
+ 4
+
6
(:
2
+ 4)(:
2
+ 1)
=
6:
:
2
+ 4
+
2
:
2
+ 1
2
:
2
+ 4
.
Taking the inverse Laplace transform gives
j(t) = 6 cos 2t + 2 sin t sin 2t.
10. Using the Laplace transform, nd the solution of the following dierential equations with
initial conditions j(0) = 0, j
(0) = 0:
(a) j
+ 2j
= 5j j(t) = 0
(c) j
+ j
= 1 + 2t j(t) = 1 c
|
+ t
2
t
(e) j
+ 4j
+ 3j = 6 j(t) = c
3|
3c
|
+ 2
(f) j
2j
= 3(t + c
2|
) j(t) = (3,8)(1 2t 2t
2
c
2|
+ 4tc
2|
(g) j
2j
= 20c
|
cos t j(t) = 3c
2|
5 + 2c
|
(cos t 2 sin t)
(h) j
= 30 cos 3t j(t) = 3c
|
3 cos 3t sin 3t
11. Solve each of the following homogeneous linear dierential equations, using the techniques
of Chapter 3 (Characteristic equation).
(a) j
+ 3j
+ 2j = 0
(b) j
+ 6j
+ 13j = 0
(c) j
+ 6j
+ 9j = 0
(d) j
2j
j = 0
(e) 8j
+ 4j
+ j = 0
(f) 2j
7j
+ 5j = 0
(g) 2j
+ 2j
+ j = 0
(h) j
+ .2j
+ .01j = 0
8
(i) j
+ 7j
+ 12j = 0
(j) j
+ 2j
+ 2j = 0
Answers
(a) j = c
1
c
+ c
2
c
2
(b) j = c
1
c
3
cos 2t + c
2
c
3
sin 2t
(c) j = (c
1
+ c
2
t)c
3
(d) j = c
1
c
(1+
2)
+ c
2
c
(1
2)
(e) j = c
/4
(c
1
cos
4
+ c
2
sin
4
)
(f) j = c
1
c
5/2
+ c
2
c
(g) j = c
/2
(c
1
cos(t,2) + c
2
sin(t,2))
(h) j = c
0.1
(c
1
+ tc
2
)
(i) j = c
1
c
4
+ c
2
c
3
(j) j = c
(c
1
cos t + c
2
sin t)
12. Solve each of the following initial value problems. You may (and should) use the work
already done in exercise 10.
(a) j
+ 3j
+ 2j = 0, j(0) = 1, j
(0) = 3.
(b) j
+ 6j
+ 13j = 0, j(0) = 0, j
(0) = 1.
(c) j
+ 6j
+ 9j = 0, j(0) = 1, j
(0) = 5.
(d) j
2j
j = 0, j(0) = 0, j
(0) =
2.
(e) j
+ 2j
+ 2j = 0, j(0) = 0, j
(0) = 2
Answers
(a) j = 2c
2
c
(b) j =
1
2
c
3
sin 2t
(c) j = (1 + 2t)c
3
(d) j =
1
2
(c
(1+
2)
c
(1
2)
)
(e) j = 2c
sint
13. Find a second order linear homogeneous dierential equation with constant real coecients
that has the given function as a solution, or explain why there is no such equation.
(a) c
3|
+ 2c
|
(b) c
|
cos 2t
(c) c
|
t
2
9
(d) 5c
3|2
+ 7c
|
(e) 2c
3|
sin(t,2) (1,2)c
3|
cos(t,2)
Answers
(a) j
+ 4j
+ 3j = 0
(b) j
+ 2j
+ 5j = 0
(c) Not possible since c
t
2
is not an exponential polynomial, that is, it is not a sum of terms of
the form t
t cos /t or t
3j = 0
(e) 4j
24j
+ 37j = 0
14. Use the method of undetermined coecients (See Section 3.4) to nd the general solution
of each of the following dierential equations.
(a) j
3j
4j = 30c
|
(b) j
3j
4j = 30c
4|
(c) j
3j
4j = 20 cos t
(d) j
2j
+ j = t
2
1
(e) j
2j
+ j = 3c
2|
(f) j
2j
+ j = 4 cos t
(g) j
2j
+ j = 3c
|
(h) j
2j
+ j = tc
|
Answers
(a) j = c
1
c
4
+ c
2
c
5c
(b) j = c
1
c
4
+ c
2
c
+ 6tc
4
(c) j = c
1
c
4
+ c
2
c
+ c
2
tc
+ t
2
+ 4t + 5
(e) j = c
1
c
+ c
2
tc
+ 3c
2
(f) j = c
1
c
+ c
2
tc
+2 sin t
(g) j = c
1
c
+ c
2
tc
+
3
2
t
2
c
(h) j = c
+ c
2
tc
+
1
6
t
3
c
15. Solve each of the following initial value problems. You may (and should) use the work
already done in exercise 13.
(a) 4t
2
j
7tj
+ 6j = 0, j(1) = 1, j
(1) = 2
10
(b) t
2
j
+ 5tj
+ 4j = 0, j(1) = 1, j
(1) = 0
Answers
(a) j =
8
13
t
1/2
+
5
13
t
6
.
(b) j = t
2
(1 2 ln t).
11