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Calculus Solutions: Chapter 3.1: Aaron Peterson, Stephen Taylor

This document provides solutions to calculus problems involving computing derivatives and finding functions given their derivatives. It calculates derivatives of various functions, including polynomials, rational functions, square roots, and implicit functions. It also uses derivatives to find velocities and accelerations from position functions, computes higher order derivatives, takes derivatives of cost functions, and graphs functions along with their derivatives.

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Huy Trần
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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92 views6 pages

Calculus Solutions: Chapter 3.1: Aaron Peterson, Stephen Taylor

This document provides solutions to calculus problems involving computing derivatives and finding functions given their derivatives. It calculates derivatives of various functions, including polynomials, rational functions, square roots, and implicit functions. It also uses derivatives to find velocities and accelerations from position functions, computes higher order derivatives, takes derivatives of cost functions, and graphs functions along with their derivatives.

Uploaded by

Huy Trần
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculus Solutions: Chapter 3.

1
Aaron Peterson, Stephen Taylor
4.Use equation (3.6) to compute f (x) for each of the following functions. We note equation (3.6) states f (x) = lim a) f (x) = ax + b Solution: Applying the above formula we nd f (x) = lim a(x + h) + b (ax + b) ah = lim = lim a = a h0 h h0 h 2 b) f (a) = ax2 + bx + c Solution: Applying the above formula we nd bh + ah2 + 2ahx [a(x + h)2 + b(x + h) + c] [ax2 + bx + c] = lim h0 h0 h h = lim 2ax + ah + b = 2ax + b
h0

h0

f (x + h) f (x) h

h0

f (a) = lim

2 c) f (x) = 1/x Solution: Applying the above formula we nd f (x) = lim


1 x+h

1 x

h0

= lim

h0 x2

1 1 = 2 + xh x 2

d) f (x) = 1/ x Solution: Applying the above formula and following the method in example 53 we nd f (x) = lim = lim
1 (x+h)1/2

1 x1/2

h0

= lim

x1/2 (x + h)1/2 h0 hx1/2 (x + h)1/2

(x1/2 (x + h)1/2 )(x1/2 + (x + h)1/2 ) h0 (hx1/2 (x + h)1/2 )(x1/2 + (x + h)1/2 ) = lim


h0

h h2 x1/2 + hx3/2 + hx(h + x)1/2

= lim

h0

1 1 = 3/2 hx1/2 + x3/2 + x(h + x)1/2 2x 2

e) f (x) =

x+a x+b

Solution: Applying the above formula we nd f (x) = lim


x+h+a x+h+b

x+a x+b

h0

h =

= lim

h0

ba (x + b)(x + b + h)

ba (x + b)2 2

Determine whether each function is (i) continuous, (ii) dierentiable at the point a. 5b. f (x) = x2 if x < 1, f (x) = 2x 1 if x 1, a = 1. Solution: Since
x1

lim f (x) = 1

we nd f is a continuous function. Also when x < 1, f (x) = 2x by problem 4b. and for x 1, f (x) = 2. Thus
x1

lim f (x) = 2

which shows f is also a dierentiable function. 2

5d. f (x) = 1 x2 if x < 2, f (x) = 3 if x = 2, f+ (x) = x2 8x + 9 if x > 2, a = 2. Solution: We note that limx2 f (x) is 4 since
h0

lim

f (x + h) f (x) = lim (h 2x) f (2) 4 h0 h

f+ (x + h) f+ (x) = lim (h + 8 + 2x) f+ (2) 4 h0 h0 h lim Since f (x) clearly exists for every other real number, we conclude that f is dierentiable. 2 For each position function s(t), nd the velocity v(t) = a(t) = dv . dt 7b. s(t) = 64 16t2 Solution: Applying problem 4b. we have v(t) = 32t a(t) = 32 We note this is an example of the equation of motion for a freely falling projectile under the inuence of the Earths gravity. 2 7d. s(t) =
1 t ds dt

and the acceleration

Solution: By problem 4c) we imediately note 1 t2 We now need to compute a(t) via the denition of the derivative. v(t) =
1 (t+h)2 + d a(t) = v(t) = lim h0 dt h 2t + h 2 = lim 2 = 3 h0 t (t + h)2 t 1 t2

8. For s(t) = t t3 , nd v(1) =

ds dt t=1

and a(1) =

dv dt t=1

Solution: We rst compute the velocity function via the denition of the derivative. v(t) = d [t + h (t + h)3 ] [t + t3 ] s(t) = lim h0 dt h = lim 1 h 3ht 3t2 = 1 3t2
h0

We now apply problem 4b. to nd a(t) = 6t 2 Use (3.3) or (3.6) to nd f (n) for each function f and given value n. 9b. f (x) = x2 , n = 2 Solution: We rst compute by problem 4b. f (1) (x) = f (x) = 2x Dierentiating again we nd f (2) (x) = f (x) = 2 2 9d. f (x) = x4 , n = 4 Solution: We apply the denition of the derivative to nd the rst two derivatives and problem 4b. to nd the second two. (x + h)4 x4 = lim h3 + 4h2 x + 6hx2 + 4x3 = 4x3 h0 h0 h 4(x + h)3 4x3 = lim 4h2 + 12hx + 12x2 h0 h0 h f (3) (x) = 24x f (4) (x) = 24 2

f (1) (x) = f (x) = lim

f (2) (x) = f (x) = lim

10. The circumference C of a circle in terms of its radius r is C = 2r. Find dC dr . Solution: By problem 4a. we have d C = 2 dr 2 13. The cost of producing q units of a certain product is C(q) = 10000 + 250q 0.4q 2 Find the marginal cost
dC dq

and its value at q = 300,

dC dq q=300

Solution: Since we have already found the derivative of a general quadratic function in 4b. we need only note that in our example a = 0.4, b = 250, and c = 10000 and apply problem 4b to nd d C = 250 0.8q C (q) dq Substituting in q = 300, we nd C (300) = 250 240 = 10 2

For each graph of a function f , sketch on the same axes the graph f . 15a. Figure 3.5 Solution:
4 3 2 1 -3 -2 -1 -1 -2 -3 1 2 3

Figure 1: Figure 3.5 and its derivative are plotted in blue and black, respectably. 15c. Figure 3.7 Solution:
5 4 3 2 1 -4 -2 -1 -2 -3 2 4

Figure 2: Figure 3.7 and its derivative are plotted in blue and black, respectably.

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