Lec 18 Chapter 8 Children eating lead can be poisonous.

. During their visit in hospital, medical staff are constantly putting lead base toys inside their mouth. This can disable the kids quite a bit. We are taking about positive punishment. Positive punishment involves aversive stimulus. GED is an instrument that people use to stop the aversive behavior. Four types of procedures: Overcorrection-example: students when they damage the property, principal/teacher get the student to erase all the damage that they have done. Restitution-getting some person to do more positive behavior. Theft reversal in restitution phase they are suppose to give back the item. In overcorrection, you have to give back the item and make an effort (power and effective). Guided compliance- teacher ask the person to do something. The individual is physically guided to do it. Ex jimmy clean up your toys and went to eat. He doesnt do it after asked multiple times. You have to jimmy and physically move him to clean up the toys. When you are doing this, you are not only using physical prompt but using negative reinforcement as well (how? At some point the physical prompt becomes aversive and jimmy says leave it! I can do it myself -> neg reinforcement at work). Physical guidance is contigent on problem behavior. Particularly where aggression is involve, you have to often time use the procedure where you hold the arms of the person. Some ethical issues might be involved but best to use for aggressive or aversive behavior. Ethical consideration: Makes sure the person is physically able to bear the positive punishment activity vise You shud expect them to be resistant; if no resistance, there re not gonna respond they way you want them to. Makes sure its not reinforcing in their perspective or on your own. If child gets no attention, they take the physical contact that is aversion Carry out without any harm. It shud be sufficiently discomforting but not a physical injury( no bruising or laceration) Used less or rarely used in BM because first ethical reason and second you can use other procedure. All sort of other approaches are just as effective as the punishment procedures.

Example: Lemon juice when pt is amount to ruminate the food, lemon juice is poured in the mouth and suddenly the throwing up behavior goes down

Spray mist- it has been institutionalize where peple being aggressive however it is not used anymore because it just takes away the person from the positive environment and the ones around him Noise can be not comforting some static noise might not be great to listen to \ Reprimands are used in everyday life. This all that is attacking your nervous sys. Electrical shocks

You wanna break the ingredients that are involved. They put SBIB on the person (helmet). It allows the person to hit but not harm. You can have contingent one to one. Once the person hit, he gets the shock. You are getting them stop hurting them by hurting them not technically, its not something that they like to do, it dec the behavior. As soon as you turn the device on, the behavior goes down to zero. It shows how effective these procedures are. You shud always use non aversive procedure before considering this approach e.g extinction, prompting Scientifically see why that behavior is occurring. All possible reasons. Why ? Otherwise chance of behavior going down is slim. Use the least aversive first.

If you add an antecedent, you can give the person the warning, you can get that stimulus to become condition punisher, and thus make us one step closer to the target behavior. Occasional punishment is much better than continuation punishment. Bobby hitting himself. If he is hitting himself, then he is being punished. But if the care giver comes and pays attention, this becomes the positive reinforcement. make sure this doesnt happen. Make sure doors are locked up wherever you are to have the muscle and child for 10 sec. you dont want them to escape. Yu dont want the child seeing the behavior taking place. You might wanna do in a separate setting. So, a child when goes home, doesnt use this punishment on sibling that they saw in special education class. This is imp in pple with deficient behavior. If you are applying the punishment, you dont wanna experience positive reinforcement. You shud not be overdoing it, the focus shud always be on client as it is measured through time. It is completely cold and clean to be objective. Punishment will be most effective when you specifically define. You will be targeting the right signal. You just dont focus on problematic behavior but also focus on the behavior that is beneficial to them and to others. If you are gonna use the strong response, you re directly focusing on that signal.

You dont have to apply punishment if you can understand those relationships. A lot of these days, you wanna provide clear sds. No delay between punishers. You dont wanna reinforce by showing your emotion so be neutral. Dont calmly walk, dont talk . let them scream . Shud punishment can be used? We expect there is going to be aggressive response. Ex of Albert. Child was neutral. The child then had the fear or anxiety bcz of punishment earlier. You allow the emotional memory to lay down. With punishment, you solely do it person and dont make the kid model that behavior. Kids not learn from other kids or adults in class . This can have harmful effect. If the change agents, focus on themselves. You want this person to learn.