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ChE441 Problem Set 3 Solutions

This document provides solutions to problems involving radial flow between concentric cylinders and spheres. For radial flow between cylinders: 1) The velocity is shown to be of the form vr = C/r, where C is a constant, based on the equation of continuity. 2) The pressure distribution is derived from the equations of motion and involves the constant C. 3) Integrating the pressure distribution yields an expression relating the pressure at the inner and outer radii. For radial flow between spheres: 1) Similarly, the velocity is shown to be of the form vr = C/r^2, where C is a constant from the continuity equation. 2) The pressure distribution is derived from

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895 views6 pages

ChE441 Problem Set 3 Solutions

This document provides solutions to problems involving radial flow between concentric cylinders and spheres. For radial flow between cylinders: 1) The velocity is shown to be of the form vr = C/r, where C is a constant, based on the equation of continuity. 2) The pressure distribution is derived from the equations of motion and involves the constant C. 3) Integrating the pressure distribution yields an expression relating the pressure at the inner and outer radii. For radial flow between spheres: 1) Similarly, the velocity is shown to be of the form vr = C/r^2, where C is a constant from the continuity equation. 2) The pressure distribution is derived from

Uploaded by

nvNelly03
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEM SET #3 SOLUTIONS

3B.11 Radial flow between two coaxial cylinders


Consider an incompressible fluid, at constant temperature flowing radially between two
porous cylindrical shells with inner and outer radii R and R.

(a) Show that the equation of continuity leads to v
r
= C/r, where C is a constant.

Solution
Assume that 0

v v
z
and that the flow is steady.
Continuity equation in cylindrical coordinates:
( ) ( ) ( ) 0
1 1

z r
v
z
v
r
rv
r r t


Eliminate time,

v and
z
v terms to obtain:
( ) 0
1

r
rv
r r

Integrate to obtain:

r
rv constant

(b) Simplify the components of the equation of motion to obtain the following
expressions for the modified pressure distribution:
0 , 0 ,
dz
dP
d
dP
dr
dv
v
dr
dP
r
r


Solution
BSL page 848 equation B.6-4.
( )
r
r r
r
r
z
r r
r
r
g
v
r z
v v
r
rv
r r r r
P
r
v
z
v
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v

+
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 1 1
Assume steady flow with 0
z
v v

, no viscous flow as in part (a):


r
P
r
v
v
r
r


(c) Integrate the expression for dP/dr above to get [ ]
1
1
]
1

,
_


2
2
1 ) (
2
1
) ( ) (
r
R
R v R P r P
r

Solution
r
P
r
v
v
r
r


Integrate between R and r:
( )
1
]
1

1
1
]
1

1
1
]
1


2
2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2
1
2
1
2 2 2 2 R
r r v
v
v
r v v v v
P P
r
R
r
r
r
r
R
r
r
r
r
R
R
R


Note: from (a)
r
rv constant, so
2 2 2
C v r
r
and
2
2
2
2
R
r
v
v
R
R
r
r

Direction
of flow r
R
mR
Radial Flow Between Concentric Spheres

Consider an isothermal, incompressible fluid flowing radially between two concentric
porous spherical shells. Assume steady laminar flow with v
r
= v
r
(r). Note that the velocity
is not assumed zero at the solid surfaces. See the figure below.














(a) Show by use of the equation of continuity that r
2
v
r
= C, where C is a constant.

Solution
Begin with the equation of Continuity in Spherical Coordinates:
( ) ( ) ( )




v
r
v
r
v r
r r t
r

sin
1
sin
sin
1 1
2
2
=0
Assume radial flow, so that

v v 0 .
( ) 0
1
2
2

r
v r
r r

So that after integration:

r
v r
2
Constant



(b) Show by the use of the equations of motion that the pressure distribution in this
system is described by the equations:


g
p
r

sin
1


g
p
r

1


( )
r
r
r r
g
r
v
v v r
r r r
p

2
2
2
2


Solution
Begin with the equation of motion in spherical coordinates (BSL equation B.6-7 page
848).

r-component
( )
r
r
r
r
r r r
r
r
g
v
r
v
r
v r
r r
r
p
r
v v
v
r
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v

+
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
sin
1
sin
sin
1 1
sin

Assuming steady state and that

v v 0 , then the above equation reduces to:

( )
r r
r
r
g v r
r r r
p
r
v
v +
1
]
1


,
_

2
2
2
2
1

Rearrange:

( )
r
r
r r
g
r
v
v v r
r r r
p

2
2
2
2





-component


g
v
r
v
r
v
r
v
r
r
v
r
r r
p
r r
v
r
v v v
r
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v
r
r
r
+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
sin
cos 2
2
sin
1
sin (
sin
1 1
1
1
cot
sin


Since

v v 0 ,

g
p
r
+


1
0
Rearranging,

g
p
r

1


-component


g
v
r
v
r
v
r
v
r
r
v
r
r r
p
r r
v v
r
v v v
r
v v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v
r
r
r
+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
sin
cos 2
sin
2
sin
1
sin (
sin
1 1
1
sin
1
cot
sin
Since

v v 0 ,


g
p
r
+


sin
1
0
Rearranging,

g
p
rs

1



(c) Show that the radial pressure distribution may be expressed in terms of the quantity
P as:

1
1
]
1

,
_

4
2
1
2
1
r
R
v P P
R r
r R

Solution
Begin with equations from results of part (b),
( )
r
r
r r
g
r
v
v v r
r r r
p

2
2
2
2
(1)
using,


sin r g
p

(2)

r g
p

(3)
gr p gr p P + + cos
cos g
r
p
r
P
+




sin gr
p P


Substitute (3)
0 sin


gr r g
P
so ) ( P P
( ) ( )

cos cos cos


2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
g g
r
v
v v r
r r
g
r
v
v v r
r r
g
r
p
r
P
r
r r r
r
r r
+


( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
r
v
r
v
v v r
r r r
P
r r
r r



Since
r
v r
2
Constant, then
( )
0
2

r
v r
r

( ) ( )
5
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
r
C
r
v
v v
r
v
r r
P
r
r r r

where C is the constant from part (a)


dr
r
C
dP
5
2
2



r
R
P
P
r
dr
C dP
r
5
2
2

,
_


4 4
2
1 1
4
2
R r
C
P P
r


Substitute C=R
2
v
r
and C
2
=R
4
v
r
2
( ) ( )

,
_

,
_

,
_


4
4
2 4
4 4
2 4
1
1
2
1 1 1
2
1
r
R
R
v R
R r
v R P P
r r r

And thus,
1
1
]
1

,
_

4
2
1
2
1
r
R
v P P
R r
r R


(d) Please write expressions for
rr
,

,
r
,
r
, and

for this system.



Solution
( )
1
]
1


1
]
1


r
v
r
v
v
r
v
r r r
rr
3
2
2
3
2
2
Next, utilize the result of (a) to obtain:
( )
1
]
1

r
v r
r r
v
r r
rr
2
2
3
2
2
Since
r
v r
2
Constant,
1
]
1


r
v
r
rr
2 2
r
v
r
rr
4

( )
1
]
1

,
_


1
]
1

,
_


r
v
r
v v
r
v
r
v v
r
r r r
3
2 1
2
3
2 1
2



Using the same strategy as above,
( ) ( )
1
]
1


1
]
1

,
_


r
v r
r r
v v
r r
v r
r r
v v
r
r r r r
2
2
2
2
3
2 2 2
3
2 1
2






r
v
r

2




( )
( )
1
]
1


1
]
1

,
_

+ +


r
v r
r r
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
r
r r r
2
2
3
2 2
3
2 cot
sin
1
2



r
v
r

2



Since we have symmetric flow,
0


r r

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