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Medical Imaging

The central slice theorem states that the one-dimensional Fourier transform of a projection obtained at an angle θ is equal to the radial slice of the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the object taken at the same angle θ. It demonstrates the relationship between the projection space and Fourier space domains of an imaging system. The theorem allows reconstructing the object from its projections by using the separability of the two-dimensional Fourier transform.

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182 views6 pages

Medical Imaging

The central slice theorem states that the one-dimensional Fourier transform of a projection obtained at an angle θ is equal to the radial slice of the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the object taken at the same angle θ. It demonstrates the relationship between the projection space and Fourier space domains of an imaging system. The theorem allows reconstructing the object from its projections by using the separability of the two-dimensional Fourier transform.

Uploaded by

sri
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Equations

Slice Selection : Better Approximation : ideal O2D (x, y ) =

3D

(x, y,z) (z zs )dz

z zs dz O2D (x, y ) = O3D (x, y,z)TopHat 1 z 2

Radon Transform :
~

P (,z) =

O(x, y)(x cos( ) + y sin( ) + z)


dx

Fourier Transform : g(k ) = Central Slice Theorem :

G(x)e

ikx

k z = k x cos( ) + ky sin( ) z = x cos( ) + y sin( ) Or (x, y ) = 1

Back Projection :

P (,z)d
0 ~

Map :

O r (k x ,k y )= P (,k z ) where k z = kx cos( ) + k y sin( )

More Organized Proof of The Central Slice Theorem

The PSF associated with the simple Bach projection is: PSF Or (x, y ) = O(x, y )
BF

1 r

1 x2 + y2

where Or (x, y ) = B{P (,z)} and B = 1

P ( x cos( ) + y sin( ))d


1 0

Or (x, y ) 123 4 4

O(x, y ) 123

1 x2 + y2 1 24 4 3 1 k

Or (k x ,k y ) so

O(k x ,k y )

O(k x ,k y ) = k Or (k x ,k y )

More Organized Proof of The Central Slice Theorem

1. 2. P ( , z) =

O(x, y )(x cos( ) + y sin( ) z)dxdy

Equate the z axis with a tilted reference frame x ' || z, y ' z and x ' = x cos( ) + y sin( ) x = x ' cos( ) y ' sin( ) y = x ' sin( ) + y ' cos( )

3.

Substitute # 2 into #1 and change integral to dx ' dy ' (still over all space) P ( , z) =

O(x cos( ) y sin( ), x sin( ) + y cos( ))(x z)dx dy


' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

'

4.

Integrate along x ' and note that z is only a point along the x ' axis. P , x ' =

( ) O(x cos( ) y sin( ), x sin( ) + y cos( ))dy


) (
O x ' cos( ) y ' sin( ), x ' sin( ) + y ' cos( ) e

5.

Fourier Transform along x ' p , kx ' =


~

ix ' k

x'

dx ' dy '

More Organized Proof of The Central Slice Theorem

6. Transform back to the (x, y ) coordinate system p ,kx ' = 7.


~

) O(x, y )e

i(x cos( )+ y sin( ))k

x'

dxdy

Define the tilted k space coordinate system. k x = k x ' cos( ) ky ' sin( ) k y = k x ' sin( ) k y ' cos( )

8.

Rewrite # 6 as p ,kx ' = p( ,kz ) =


~
~

) O(x, y )e

i k ' cos( )k ' sin( ) x i k ' sin( )+ k ' cos( )y y y x x

dxdy

k ' =0
y

O(x, y
)e ik xeik y dxdy
x y y

k ' =0
y

= F2D {O(x, y )} k ' =0

The Central Slice Theorem

Consider a 2-dimensional example of an emission imaging system. O(x,y) is the object function, describing the source distribution. The projection data, is the line integral along the projection direction.
P 0o, y =

( ) O(x, y )dx

The Central Slice Theorem can be seen as a consequence of the separability of a 2-D Fourier Transform.
o(kx ,k y )=
~

O(x, y)e

ikx x iky y

dxdy

The 1-D Fourier Transform of the projection is,


p(ky ) =
~

P (0 , y)e = O(x, y )e = O(x, y )e


o

iky y

dy

iky y

dxdy e dxdy

iky y i 0x

= o(0, ky )

The Central Slice Theorem


The one-dimensional Fourier transformation of a projection obtained at an angle J, is the same as the radical slice taken through the two-dimensional Fourier domain of the object at the same angle.
O(x, y )

Radon transform

P , y '

( )

2D FT

1D FT

o(kx ,k y )

p ,k y '

( )

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