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Annotated Bibliography How has technology affected the way soccer is played? Kevin Bish Professor Malcolm Campbell English 1103 H October 17, 2012

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Elder, Adam. "With Goal-Line Tech, Soccer Tries Kicking Its Addiction to Human Error."Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, 31 May 2012. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. This source is a peer reviewed article, describing several reasons behind the need for goal line technology. It also provides several examples of technology used in other major sports, like the National Hockey League, the National Football League, and international cricket and tennis associations. The author argues that other sports have utilized various technological advancements in recent years, why can soccer not find a way to successfully implement something to reduce the margin of error in judging goals? He goes on to describe the two possible technologies that are being tested by the International Football Association Board (IFAB) and FIFA, and the downsides of each possible GLT. He also briefly explains why there is some significant opposition to the implementation of new technology into the sport. The author has also written several other articles about goal line technology on this website, and has been edited by two other members of the editorial team. It is definitely a peer reviewed article, because the website has four contributors listed, as well as several editors. The intended audience is other soccer experts, or anybody concerned with the drawbacks or benefits of goal line technology. All of the information in the article lines up with the other sources in my bibliography, as well as adding new information that I had not found on any other sources. This article is going to be very useful to me because it has the opinion of several experts, as well as a comments section where several people have made very interesting points about the article. It helped me understand the reasoning behind each of the technologies, as well as the flaws in each of them. It also explained

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why the use of instant replay is not likely to happen in professional soccer, due to the running clock. I will probably use this source in my project. "FIFA Quality Programme." FIFA.com. FIFA, 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. This is a web source, with an informational video describing the reasoning behind the move toward goal line technology, as well as providing information about the testing of several different varieties of the technology that may be implemented. The publishing organization is FIFA, which is one of the largest football organizations in the world. The video is unbiased, reporting only that the International Football Association Board (IFAB) has officially started testing of several possible technologies for use in the near future. The intended audience is anybody who is concerned with this major change that seems to be on the cusp of taking place in the world of soccer. This source is useful to me in the way of describing the actual research being done by FIFA. It helps me to understand what the possible technologies are, how they are different, how they will be used, and what they will be useful for. This information is critical to my comprehension of any possible opposition to the movement, because without it I wont be able to understand the conversations going on about the topic. This source has helped me better understand the base of the topic, around which all the discussion will be centered. I have saved several of the videos, because they clearly show the controversy of several goals in major games, and how goal line technology could have easily changed the shape of the game. I will definitely use this source in my paper, because it is from a major source Fifield, Dominic. "Goal line Technology Is Still Clearly Offside for Michel Platini." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 31 Aug. 2012. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. This source is from a popular online news site called the Guardian News by the author Dominic Fifield.

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He has written over 4500 articles regarding football, and he is the Guardians leading football correspondent. It shows one aspect of the opposition to the newly proposed goal line technologies, and reveals that the opposition has a powerful and influential leader. Michel Platini, the residing president of UEFA (the Union of European Football Associations), describes what he thinks the football world should do in response to the cry for more accurate officiating soccer of games. Platini believes that the use of technology is not necessary in the game of football at this point in time. He thinks that moving from the classic 3 referees per game to a system of 5 referees would solve the problem that FIFA is currently trying to solve through new technology. By placing a referee near the goal on each baseline the game would retain its integrity, meaning the use of technology would still be prohibited, as well as answer the demand for more accurate officiating. This website is a qualified news site that is well known in the United Kingdom. The intended audience is the general public, and anybody willing to read about the opposition to goal line technology. This article opposes a few of my other sources in this bibliography, because it is showing the negative side of the possible change, and proposing an alternative route. This research could be very useful to me because I need to know what both sides of the argument are in order to clearly understand it. It also shows that there is a powerful opposing force to the movement toward goal line technology in modern soccer. I will most likely use this source in my extended inquiry project because it comes from a reliable source and provides information that is both useful and new to me. Radnedge, Keir. "Goal.com." Goal.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. This is another source presenting the possible negative impact of implementing goal line technology in soccer.

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The author, Keir Radnedge, believes that if goal line technology is finalized in large leagues like the Barclays Premiere League, and the Italian Serie A/Serie B, that smaller leagues will eventually suffer in worldwide leagues like the Champions league. This is because the larger leagues have enough money to provide the technology for all of the clubs in the league, while smaller leagues will not be able to front the money for 20-30 stadium remodels. The Champions league is a tournament that takes place every year in Europe, in which every club on the continent has a chance of entering. If the smaller clubs dont have goal line technology, and the larger ones do, it creates the possibility of a gap in play quality and other possible repercussions. The author of this article has covered every world cup since 1966, analysing the international game for newspapers, magazines, TV and radio around the world, which makes him a very credible source when it comes to soccer expertise. The source is a foreign news website that is completely dedicated to soccer called Goal.com, covering aspects of clubs in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, as well as the Champions league, and the Europa league. The article was published in order to voice the opposition to goal line technology in a way that will connect with those who follow international football. This source provides solid logic behind the possible repercussions of goal line technology, and gives specific reasoning behind its facts. It fits clearly into my research, and will probably be useful to me when describing the opposition to GLT in my extended inquiry project.