Arrays in C++
Arrays in C++
Arrays in C++
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C++ Arrays
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C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type. Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99, you declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and ..., numbers [99] to represent individual variables. A specific element in an array is accessed by an index. All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the first element and the highest address to the last element.
Declaring Arrays:
To declare an array in C++, the programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of elements required by an array as follows:
double balance[10];
Initializing Arrays:
You can initialize C++ array elements either one by one or using a single statement as follows:
C++ Arrays
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balance[4] = 50.0;
The above statement assigns element number 5th in the array a value of 50.0. Array with 4th index will be 5th ie. last element because all arrays have 0 as the index of their first element which is also called base index. Following is the pictorial representaion of the same array we discussed above:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <iomanip> using std::setw; int main () { int n[ 10 ]; // n is an array of 10 integers // initialize elements of array n to 0 for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) { n[ i ] = i + 100; // set element at location i to i + 100 } cout << "Element" << setw( 13 ) << "Value" << endl; // output each array element's value for ( int j = 0; j < 10; j++ ) { cout << setw( 7 )<< j << setw( 13 ) << n[ j ] << endl; } } return 0;
This program makes use setw() function to format the output. When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces following result:
C++ Arrays
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Element 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Value 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
Pointer to an array
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