Indian rare earth limited

Submitted to

Submitted by

Indian rare earth limited

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL NO.
1. 2.

TITLE
INTRODUCTION

PAGE NO

Power supply system of IREL i. MRSS ii. LCSS iii. MCC iv. Safety aspects

3. 4.

Mineral Separation plant Conclusion

Indian rare earth limited

Introduction:

Indian Rare Earth Limited(IREL) was incorporated on august 18,1950 as a private company jointly owned by the government of india and Travancore,Coachin.It became a full fledged government of india undertaking under the administrative control of department of atomic energy in the year 1963.However after a gap of 20 years ,IREL has build its largest and integrated industrial complex known as OSCOM(Odisha Sand Complex) near Matikholo about 8km south of Chatrapur,Odisha in the year 1984. During my 25 days of vocational training at IREL ,I have visited Mineral Separetion Plant,Main Receiving Sub Station,Load Control Sub Station and Machine Control Centere and all of these are well planned and equiped with different material handling materials and safety arrangements.

Indian rare earth limited

2. Power Supply System of IREL: Lay out of main receiving sub station(MRSS):

LIGHTNING ARESTER ISOLATER ISOLATER

ISOLATER

ISOLATER

O.C.B

COUPLER
12.5 MVA TRS 132 kV/11kV

O.C.B

O.C.B

O.C.B

MRSS is designed to accomplish the following functions:

Change voltage from one level to another Regulate voltage to compensate for system voltage changes Switch transmission and distribution circuits into and out of the grid system Measure electric power qualities flowing in the circuits Connect communication signals to the circuits Eliminate lightning and other electrical surges from the system Make interconnections between the electric systems of more than one utility Control reactive kilovolt-amperes supplied to and the flow of reactive kilovoltamperes in the circuits 4

Indian rare earth limited Major components of MRSS:

Feeders: Feeder circuits are the connections between the output terminals of a distribution substation and the input terminals of primary circuits. The distribution feeder circuit conductors leave the substation from a circuit breaker via underground cables,

called substation exit cables. The underground cables connect to a nearby overhead primary circuit outside the substation. Isolators: It is designed to open a circuit under no load. It isolates one portion of circuit from another and is not intended to be opened while current is flowing in the line. When we want service or maintenance of any substation or want to clear the fault, at that time isolator is kept open and supply is interrupted. Lightening arrester: A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems to protect the insulation on the system from the damaging effect of lightning. The typical lightning arrester also known as surge arrester has a high voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge or switching surge travels down the power system to the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted around the protected insulation in most cases to earth.

Indian rare earth limited Earthing: Grounding Resistors are designed to provide added safety to industrial distribution systems by limiting ground fault current to reasonable levels. They are usually connected between earth ground and the neutral of power transformers, power generators or artificial neutral transformers. Their main purpose is to limit the maximum fault current to a value which will not damage generating, distribution or other associated equipment in the power system. Bus bar arrangements: When a number of feeders are operating at the same voltage have to be directly connected electrically, bus bars are used as the common components. Bus bars are copper rods or thin walled tubes and operate at constant voltage. Circuit breakers: A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is tom detect a fault condition and by interrupting continuity to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Air circuit breakers are used to interrupt circuits while current flows through them. Compressed air is used to quench the arc when the connection is broken. Oil circuit breaker: This employs some insulating oil for arc extinction Vacuum circuit breakers: in which vacuum is used for extinction Relays: A relay is the device which detects the fault and supplies the information to the breaker for circuit interruption.it can be divide into three parts. The primary winding of acurrent transformer which is connected in series with the circuit to be protected. The second circuit is the secondary winding of c. t. conneced to the relay operating coilk. The third circuit is the tripping circuit which consists of a source of suuply trip coil of circuit breaker and the stationary contacts.

Indian rare earth limited Feeder circuit:

Isolator:

lightning arrester:

: Bus bar arrangements: relay:

Indian rare earth limited Circuit breakers:

Air circit breaker

oil circuit breaker

vacuum circuit breaker

Transformers:

It is an electrical apparatus for converting electrical power in an ac system from one voltage level to some other voltage level at constant frequency.

Indian rare earth limited CTs & PTs: current transformer and potential transformers are used for metering purpose and billing in industries with suitable accuracy.

Auxiliary supply and batteries: Auxiliary Supply & Batteries are used in the substation control house as a backup to power the control systems in case of a power blackout.

Capacitor bank: Capacitors are used to control the level of the voltage supplied to the customer by reducing or eliminating the voltage drop in the system caused by inductive reactive loads.

Control house: The substation control house contains switchboard panels, batteries, battery chargers, supervisory control, power-line carrier, meters, and relays. The control house provides all weather protection and security for the control equipment. It is also called a doghouse.

Indian rare earth limited

An Overview of Load Control Sub Station:

10

Indian rare earth limited

Layout of motor control centre:

1M2 MCC

SPP
C1
O/L

OR DRIVERS

TO DIFFERENT MOTORS OR MOTORS

11

Indian rare earth limited

12

Indian rare earth limited

Safety aspects:
Electric hazards: Unlike other causes of accidents, electric energy is unseen so utmost care is needed to save guard against electric hazards. 1% accidents are generally caused due to electricity but out of those total electric accidents 40% are fatal. Protection against electrical hazards Proper wiring All new, permanent or temporary electrical installations, or the replacement, modification, repair or rehabilitation of any electrical installation must be made in compliance with the requirements of the National Electrical code (NEC) of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Electrical power distribution systems must be equipped with over current protection such as fuses or circuit breakers, which must never exceed the rated capacity of the circuit. All newly installed receptacles must be of the grounding type.

Grounding and bonding: Grounding eliminates a difference in electrical potential between a conductive object and the ground by connecting them. Grounding will protect you from electrical shock by providing a path which offers less resistance to the current than you do. Bonding eliminates a difference of potential between conductive objects. All exposed non-currentcarrying metal parts of fixed and portable equipment which are liable to become energized must be grounded. Insulation: If you work continually with or around electricity, you should wear rubber-soled footwear to guard against slipping and to provide insulation. Portable tools or appliances protected by an approved (Underwriters' Laboratories) system of double insulation or its equivalent need not be grounded. Where such a system is employed, the equipment must be distinctly marked. Avoid using electrical equipment or tools where there is moisture present. If it is unavoidable to do so, use ground fault circuit interrupters. Use a wooden

13

Indian rare earth limited or fiberglass ladder instead of a metal one, if work requires the use of a ladder around electrical equipment. Shock Treatment & First Aid

Electrical Shock Electric shock occurs when the body becomes part of an electrical circuit. Shocks can happen in three ways. A person may come in contact with both conductors in a circuit. A person may provide a path between an ungrounded conductor and the ground. A person may provide a path between the ground and a conducting material that is in contact with an ungrounded conductor. The extent of injury accompanying electric shock depends on three factors. The amount of current conducted through the body. The path of the current through the body. The length of time a person is subjected to the current. Current in milli amperes Effects 1 or less 1 to 3 3 to 10 10 to 30 30 to 75 75mA to 4 amps Over 4 amps No sensation; probably not noticed Mild sensation not painful Painful shock. Muscular control could be lost or muscle clamping Respiratory paralysis Ventricular Fibrillation Tissue begins to burn

An electrically safe work condition will be achieved and verified by the following process: 1) Determine all possible sources of electrical supply to the specific equipment. Check applicable up to date drawings, diagrams and identification tags. 2) After properly interrupting the load current, open the disconnecting device(s) for each source.

14

Indian rare earth limited 3) Where it is possible, visually verify that all blades of the disconnecting devices are fully open or that draw out type circuit breakers is withdrawn to the fully disconnected position. 4) Apply lockout/tag out devices in accordance with a documented and established policy. 5) Use adequately rated voltage detector to test each phase conductor or circuit part to verify they are de-energized. Before and after each test, determine the voltage detector is operating satisfactorily. 6) Where the possibility of induced voltages or stored electrical energy exists, ground the phase conductors or circuit parts before touching them. Where it could be reasonably anticipated that the conductors or circuit parts being de-energized could contact other exposed energized conductors or circuit parts, apply ground connecting devices rated for the available fault duty.

15

Indian rare earth limited

Mineral separation plant:

IREL is a pioneer in the field of processing beach sand minerals such as illuminate, rutile, zircon, sileminite, garnet and monazite. These minerals are well categorized and separated on the basis of their physical properties like electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, specific gravity, and surface characteristics in mineral separation plant. The production capacity of OSCOM is give below: Illuminate: 220000tpa Rutile: 7400tpa Zircon: 5000tpa Sileminite: 8000tpa Monazite: 2350tpa In addition to these there are two different plants New Thorium Plant (NTP) and Zirconium Pilot Plant (ZTP).These plants have the capacity to produce the value added products as thorium nitrate, thorium oxide etc. the plant is comprised of different floors and is equipped with different material handling materials like bucket elevators, belt conveyers, screw conveyers, drag conveyers to facilitate smooth transport of materials to the desired machines via rotary dryers, high tension separators, magnetic separators, shaft dryers, electrostatic plate separators etc. besides these there is wet processing circuit comprising of spirals ,floater, wet tables and slurry pumps to transport the materials from one point to another. Uses of products: Illuminate: manufacture of titanium dioxide pigments which is used in paints, papers, rubber, textile etc. Rutile: used for coating of wielding electrodes Zircon: used in ceramics, refractorys and manufacturing of zirconium alloys Monazite: source of thorium and uranium in nuclear reactors and manufacture of thorium nitrates Sileminite: high temperature refractory and insulators

16

Indian rare earth limited

Conclusion:
My practical ideas were enhanced after this industrial training in IREL

17