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Cathode Ray Oscilloscope - A Complete Basic Guide

The document provides an overview of cathode ray oscilloscopes, including their basic principles and components. It explains that an oscilloscope displays voltage over time on a screen and is used to observe waveform shapes. Key components include vertical and horizontal controls to set the voltage and time scales, and trigger controls. Probes are used to input signals without interference. Oscilloscopes are commonly used in engineering and science to analyze electrical signals.

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378 views3 pages

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope - A Complete Basic Guide

The document provides an overview of cathode ray oscilloscopes, including their basic principles and components. It explains that an oscilloscope displays voltage over time on a screen and is used to observe waveform shapes. Key components include vertical and horizontal controls to set the voltage and time scales, and trigger controls. Probes are used to input signals without interference. Oscilloscopes are commonly used in engineering and science to analyze electrical signals.

Uploaded by

towfiqeee
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cathode Ray Oscilloscope A Complete Basic Guide

An oscilloscope is a type of electronic test instrument that allows observation of constantly varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional graph of electrical potential difference using the vertical or Y axis, plotted as a function of time, (horizontal or X axis). Although an oscilloscope displays voltage on its vertical axis, any other quantity that can be converted to a voltage can be displayed as well. Oscilloscopes are commonly used to observe the exact wave shape of an electrical signal. Oscilloscopes are usually calibrated so that voltage and time can be read as well as possible by the eye. This allows the measurement of peak-to-peak voltage of a waveform, the frequency of periodic signals, the time between pulses, the time taken for a signal to rise to full amplitude (rise time), and relative timing of several related signals. Block Diagram

Working Principle Cathode Ray Oscilloscope works on the following principles: 1. Thermionic emission 2. Deflection of the electron beam by the electric and magnetic field. 3. Fluorescence produced by the electron beam on a fluorescent screen. Display & Appearance The basic oscilloscope, as shown in the illustration, is typically divided into four sections: the display, vertical controls, horizontal controls and trigger controls. The display is usually a CRT or LCD panel which is laid out with both horizontal and vertical reference lines referred

to as the gratitude. In addition to the screen, most display sections are equipped with three basic controls, a focus knob and an intensity knob.

The vertical section controls the amplitude of the displayed signal. This section carries a Volts-per-Division (Volts/Div.) selector knob. The horizontal section controls the time base or sweep of the instrument. The primary control is the Seconds-per-Division (Sec/Div.) selector switch. Probes Open wire test leads are likely to pick up interference, so they are not suitable for low level signals. Furthermore, the leads have a high inductance, so they are not suitable for high frequencies. Using a shielded cable is better for low level signals. Coaxial cable also has lower inductance, but it has higher capacitance.

Applications The most frequent use of oscilloscope is use in laboratory experiments. Electricians use them to view signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional graph of one or more electrical potential differences (vertical axis) plotted as a function of time or of some other voltage (horizontal axis). Oscilloscopes are used in the sciences, medicine, engineering, and telecommunications industry. General-purpose instruments are used for maintenance of electronic equipment and laboratory work. Special-purpose oscilloscopes may be used for such purposes as analyzing an automotive ignition system, or to display the waveform of the heartbeat as an electrocardiogram. Some computer sound software allows the sound being listened to be displayed on the screen as by an oscilloscope.

Calculation of Different Values

Peak to Peak Voltage

Voltage is shown on the vertical y-axis and the scale is determined by the Y AMPLIFIER (VOLTS/CM) control. Usually peak-peak voltage is measured because it can be read correctly even if the position of 0V is not known. The amplitude is half the peak-peak voltage.

Voltage = distance in cm volts/cm Example: peak-peak voltage = 4.2cm 2V/cm = 8.4V amplitude (peak voltage) = peak-peak voltage = 4.2V

Time Period and Frequency Time is shown on the horizontal x-axis and the scale is determined by the TIMEBASE (TIME/CM) control. The time period is the time for one cycle of the signal. The frequency is the number of cycles per second, frequency = 1/time period Time = distance in cm time/cm Example: time period = 4.0cm 5ms/cm = 20ms and frequency = 1/time period = 1/20ms = 50Hz

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