A320/319 Base Training

AIRBUS A320/319 BASE TRAINING

A320/319 Base Training

II

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

A320/319 Base Training

01 - TRAINING OBJECTIVE

III

Aircraft base training objective is intended to confirm the "transfer of knowledge" from the FFS to the aircraft. Additionally it gives the trainee the opportunity to experience for the first time the real aircraft behavior in basic manoeuvres such as landing, flare, derotation, etc.. Trainees should read the briefing to understand the content and requirements of the session. A full briefing will be given by the TRI prior to the flight. NOTE : when transitioning from another Fly-By-Wire aircraft, following points will be highlighted during the base training briefing : Overhead panel layout Rotation, pitch attitude target (light weight)

02 - SCHEDULE
Pre flight briefing duration = 1:00

03 - GENERAL
Training flights will be conducted in accordance with Adria Airways Training Manual (OM D) and Adria Airways Flight Operational Manual (OM A).
02.08.01

04 - CREW REPORTING PROCEDURE

Trainees are normally required to report 1 hour before scheduled departure time to Adria Airways Airport Building Training Department, where they will meet their instructor. Whenever a technical delay is known or expected, Adria Airways Flight Operations Dispatch (telephone: +386 (0)4 281 4000) will advise all persons concerned of the delay and the revised reporting time.

05 - CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS
The carriage of passengers is limited to observers specifically approved by the Adria Airways Flight Ops Director and with the agreement of the instructors. Passengers' names will be provided to Adria Airways Flight Ops for inclusion in the flight program.

06 - CONDUCT OF TRAINING FLIGHTS

A. AIRPORT Base training is performed at Ljubljana Airport (LJLJ/LJU). Only south-west pattern is allowed. In general left hand pattern RWY 31 is used, alternatively due to weather and/or traffic reasons right hand pattern RWY 13 may be in force. In case that training is not possible at LJU airport due to any reason in limited cases might be performed at Maribor Airport (LJMB/MBX). B. SEATING POLICY Trainees will occupy their respective operating seats under the supervision of their instructor until cockpit preparation is complete. The instructor will then occupy the appropriate non-flying pilot's seat. Normally, Captain trainees will occupy the left hand seat, First Officer trainees the right hand seat. However, if a First Officer is being type-rated and the licensing authorities require it, the First Officer trainee will be trained in the left seat. The observers' seat will be occupied by the second TRI/TRE (middle) and by non-flying trainee Pilot (left). C. FLIGHT TRAINING POLICY As a general rule, all the items in the training syllabus should be completed and repeated, if necessary, until proficiency is achieved.

A320/319 Base Training

IV

1. Unauthorized Manoeuvres NO unauthorized manoeuvre which might jeopardize the safety of flight will be allowed. In addition, NO demonstrations of the flight envelope protection systems will be intentionally carried out. 2. Engine Failure Simulation (not applicable) : No simulated engine shutdown or engine failure simulated by setting the thrust lever to the idle is allowed for training purposes. 02.08.01 3. Check-lists Full check-lists will be performed. The ECAM landing memo may then be used at instructor discretion to replace full check-lists. 4. Accelerate / Stop No acceleration / stop training will be conducted in the aircraft. The decision to reject a take-off during a Base Training flight is made exclusively by the instructor who will immediately take over control of the aircraft. A briefing in this regard will be made prior to flight and reinforced during the take-off briefing. 5. Touch and Go Touch and go are used to reduce the amount of training time wasted in taxiing the aircraft back to the holding point and awaiting take-off clearance. In order to maintain a high level of safety they must be conducted in a properly disciplined manner. The following technique is to be used: EVENT Prior to EVERY touch and go, the instructor will confirm with the trainee that After landing INSTRUCTOR - reverse thrust will not be used - brakes (auto or manual) will not be used TRAINEE

- disarm spoilers - call STAND UP

Once nose wheel on ground Preparation for GO - move the flap handle to position 2 detent and confirm the flaps are running - reset the rudder trim if necessary - monitor the forward movement of the pitch trim - place one hand behind the thrust levers ensuring they are advanced approximately 2" (5 cm) - call GO when aircraft is in the correct configuration

- land the nosewheel after main gear touchdown (which also allows pitch trim reset) - track the runway centreline using rudder pedal inputs only - advance the thrust levers approximately 2" (5 cm) forward (to prevent engines reducing to ground idle).

GO decison made TOGA set - monitor engine acceleration - check FMA annunciation - check TOGA thrust obtained and call "POWER SET" - call "ROTATE" at VAPP - maintain his hand behind the thrust levers to ensure no inadvertent reduction of power or no unwanted stop

- advance the thrust levers to the TOGA detent - maintain the runway centreline.

At rotation point

- rotate the aircraft to the pitch attitude commanded by the SRS or 15 if no FD is available.

Following gear retraction the instructor will call for CLB thrust. The trainee will move the thrust levers to the CLB detent (the FMA will read THR CLB | SRS | GA TRK). At acceleration altitude or ALT*, whichever occurs first, and F speed: select FLAP 1 and S speed. Approach may be activated at this stage.

A320/319 Base Training

Emergencies: If the instructor wishes to abandon the touch and go he will call "STOP" simultaneously taking control of the aircraft and bring it to a halt using maximum braking and reverse. Once the aircraft has stopped he will call for any appropriate ECAM actions. The decision to discontinue a touch and go after the application of TOGA must only be taken if the instructor is certain that the aircraft cannot safely fly. Remember there is no V1 on a touch and go. Note that the take-off configuration warning may sound if the application of TOGA is made while the flaps or pitch trim are resetting but still outside of the take-off range. 6. Radio Communications / External Lookout The instructor is responsible for all radio communications and maintaining a visual lookout for conflicting air traffic. The trainees (including the observers in the jump seats) should be encouraged to back up the instructor in this regard and to immediately inform him of any potential conflict. 7. Next Exercise The instructor will inform the trainee of the next exercise to be performed during the downwind leg, and he will confirm the trainees' understanding of this exercise. During each approach, the instructor will remind the trainee whether a full stop, a touch and go, or a go around will be performed. 8. Instructor Take-over a. In Flight : On the A320 there is no intermediate step for corrections between voice recommendations (oral guidance) and total take-over by pressing the push-button on the sidestick. Because of the nature of the "fly by wire" system, additive control inputs by the instructor may be of negative value for instruction purposes and can generate confusion in the handling of the trajectory. This should be emphasized and reviewed with the trainees during the preflight briefing. If take-over becomes necessary during the flight, instructor will clearly call "I HAVE CONTROL" and press sidestick priority pushbutton. The trainee will acknowledge by calling "YOU HAVE CONTROL", release the sidestick and observe the red arrow on the sidestick priority panel on the glareshield. Instructor will keep his side priority pushbutton depressed until the aircraft is under full control and it is safe to return control to the trainee. However there may be cases where it is necessary to apply back stick without warning in case of a very late flare. It must be emphasized that a take-over is a very rare occurence and that if a take-over is necessary the trainee should not regard this as a negative development but the normal take-over method for an A320. b. On Ground : It should be emphasized that the nosewheel steering tiller should NOT be used at high speeds (GS > 30 kt) because of overcontrolling. Steering inputs from both tillers are additive, and corrective inputs by the instructor can be confusing and potentially dangerous. Should a take-over be necessary, the instructor will immediately call out "I HAVE CONTROL", and if necessary, be prepared to use differential braking to regain control or bring the aircraft to a stop. 9. Fuel Management For normal Flight Training sessions, 15 tonnes will be the normal fuel load for flights not requiring positioning. If for operational reasons or for training flights requiring positioning, more fuel is loaded, the auto mode of fuel feeding will be used. This means that during circuit training the centre tank fuel will not normally be used and a non-standard fuel loading will result i.e. fuel in the centre tank with inner tank cells not full. The maximum centre tank fuel added to an average aircraft empty weight will never exceed the maximum zero fuel weight. If extended circuit training is required, centre tank fuel may be utilised (if necessary by selecting AUTO/MAN P/B to MAN) at any part of the flight except the take-off or touch and go. The above procedure is to be used until the publication of a Flight Manual derogation allowing the centre tank to feed during training take-offs and touch and go's. 10. Automatic Landings For demonstration purposes, instructors may carry out automatic landings provided the weather and the ILS meet CAT 1 criteria or better. The instructor should be prepared to take manual control immediately if the flight path or roll out deviate. Trainees should be reminded of all the conditions and limitations required prior to conducting an automatic landing during low visibility procedure. NOTE : See FCOM references for limitations on the use of the automatic landingsystem. 11. FMGS Use The FMGS should be initialised for the intended flight either by data base company route or by waypoint and PBD. Managed lateral navigation may be used to intercept the first ILS assisted approach and when weather makes visual flight impossible. All visual circuits should be flown with FDs off and FPV selected. The fact that the approach and runway will remain displayed is of considerable assistance for positioning the aircraft on final approach. 12. Cockpit Preparation and Engine Start The trainee crew will occupy the left and right seat for cockpit preparation with the instructor supervising from the jumpseat. Just prior to engine start the instructor will occupy either the right or the left seat.

A320/319 Base Training

VI

13. Taxi Little if any power above idle thrust will be required to get the aircraft moving at training weights. Thrust should be used symmetrically. Avoid high thrust settings at low ground speeds due to the risk of ingestion (FOD). The wing mounted engines are close to the ground, this is a particular point to note for ex DC9, BAC1-11, B727, EMB 145 and CRJ pilots. Avoid placing engines over unconsolidated or unprepared ground e.g. over the edge of taxiways. Brakes may be checked once the aircraft is moving and thereafter the normal maximum taxi speed should be 30 kt in a straight line, 10 kt for a sharp turn. Do not "ride" the brakes, as 30 kt is exceeded, apply brakes smoothly and decelerate to 10 kt, release the brakes and allow the aircraft to accelerate again. NOTE : Use of engine anti-ice increases ground idle thrust, care must be taken on slippery surfaces. Nosewheel steering is also fly by wire. The inputs of the nosewheel steering tillers are additive (just like the sidestick). Care is needed to steer the aircraft smoothly with small tiller inputs. Sharp turns particularly need care as the rate of response of the nosewheel to tiller input is not linear. 14. Take-off Half forward stick is used at the commencement of the take-off run. For crosswind takeoff, routine use of intowind aileron is not recommended. In strong crosswind conditions, small amounts of lateral control may be used to maintain wings level, but the pilot should avoid using excessive amounts. This causes excessive spoiler deployement, which increases the aircraft tendency to turn into wind. A two stage power application to TOGA or FLEX is made and the aircraft is kept straight by use of the rudder. At 130 kt the connection between the nosewheel steering and the rudder pedals is removed (the nosewheel now centralizes). The down elevator input may be gently removed by 100 kt. At VR, use a constant pitch rate to rotate the aircraft smoothly to a pitch attitude of 10. If some lateral control has been applied on the ground, center the stick during rotation so that the aircraft gets airborne with a zero roll rate demand. After lift off, follow the SRS pitch command bar. If no FD is functionning : - select 15 pitch with two engines - if one engine has failed, adapt pitch to maintain at least V2 (pitch about 12.5). 15. Initial Climb Having confirmed a positive rate of climb, the gear is retracted and the aircraft climbs away following the FD commands. Care should be taken to restrict control inputs to those necessary to change or correct the flight path only i.e. avoid overcontrolling. At thrust Reduction Altitude "CLB" will flash on the upper left portion (ATHR) of the PFD. Move the thrust levers to the CLB detent (two "clicks" from TOGA or one "click" from FLEX). Do not do this too slowly or there is a risk that the ATHR may disconnect. The autothrust is now active. At acceleration altitude or ALT*, whichever occurs first, and F speed : select FLAP 1 and S speed. Approach may be activated at this stage. 16. Circuit Handling Remember that in pitch the sidestick is demanding "g load" and that in roll it is demanding roll rate. All visual circuits MUST be flown with FDs off and FPV selected, bank angle should be limited to 30. It is usual to switch FDs off at the begining of the downwind leg. Use of managed speed is normal procedure as well as use of autothrust. The standard timing of 3 sec per 100 ft above AAL and corrected for wind by 1 sec per 1 kt may be used from abeam the end of the runway prior to turning base leg. Turning base leg (end of timing), select F2, gear down and spoilers armed. The most useful PFD display is the raw FPV symbol to assist in setting the aircraft up on the correct downwind, approach path, to maintain altitude and to avoid gross errors. NOTE: With the FDs off the speed target remains magenta VAPP target. 17. Final Approach and Landing ILS guidance may be used, if available, for the first ILS assisted visual approach, after this the use of the ILS should be restricted. Trainees are required to demonstrate their ability to fly a visual approach without ILS or VASI guidance. The FDs are not to be used for visual approaches. The FPV symbol is the most useful aid to establish the correct approach path. Autothrust is normally used, again however, trainees must demonstrate their ability to fly the approach using both m anual and automatic thrust. The speed trend arrow is particularly useful for achieving timely and correct thrust response. Care should be exercised to avoid descent through the correct approach path with idle thrust. Late recognition of this situation without prompt thrust increase may lead to considerable speed decay and altitude loss. Endeavour to have the aircraft "stabilised" by 500' AGL, that is on the correct approach path at VAPP (and correct configuration) with the appropriate thrust applied ; if stabilisation is not achieved, a go around should be considered. Avoid any tendency to "duck under" in the later stages of the approach. One dot below the glide at 50' is 14' below the ideal glide path, 2 dots is 28'. When the aircraft's glideslope antenna is at 50' the main gear is at 37' AGL and at threshold the main gear is at 34'. In any event, avoid destabilisation of the approach in the last 100' to give the best chance of achieving a good touchdown at the at the required position.

A320/319 Base Training

VII

18. Flare and Landings a. Standard Landings: The pilot's view from the cockpit during approach and landing is particularly good. The cockpit cut off angle is 20 which gives a superb view of the runway close to the aircraft. Students must make sure that they look well ahead during the flare and landing to enhance their ability to judge the position of the aircraft relative to the ground. At 20' "Retard" will be called. Reduce the thrust levers promptly to idle. Commence a gentle progressive flare and allow the aircraft to touch down without a prolonged floating flare. Do not attempt to "hold the aircraft off" as considerable float may be followed by a hard touchdown. b. Crosswind Landings: Either the "forward slip" or the "decrab" technique may be used. The preferred technique is the decrab method ; allow the aircraft to point into wind, pushing it straight with gentle use of rudder during the flare. If the decrab is gentle, little use of into wind aileron will be required if any. For rapid decrab using large or fast rudder inputs, the aircraft will roll conventionally and aileron sidestick inputs will be required. REMEMBER the sidestick demands roll rate, once the wings are level centre the sidestick. CAUTION: Avoid flaring high and prolonged "hold offs". Tailstrike will occur if the pitch attitude exceeds the value given in SOP Vol 3 Normal Operations - Chapter Landing - ground clearance diagram and in FCOM Bulletin.

A320/319 Base Training

VIII

A320/319 Base Training

IX

A320/319 Base Training