INTRODUCTION to FEA and ANSYS What is FEA?

Finite Element analysis is a way to simulate loading conditions on a design and determine the designs response to those conditions. The design is modeled using discrete building blocks called elements. Each element has exact equations that describe how it responds to a certain load. The Sum of the response of all elements in the model gives the total response of the design. The elements have a finite number of unknowns, hence the name finite elements. The finite element model, which has a finite number of unknowns, can only approximate the response of the physical system which has infinite unknowns. How good is the approximation? Unfortunately, there is no easy answer to this question, it depends entirely on what you are simulating and the tools you use for the simulation. Why is FEA needed? To reduce the amount of prototype testing. Computer Simulation allows multiple what ifscenarios to be tested quickly and effectively. To simulate designs those are not suitable for prototype testing. E.g. Surgical Implants such as an artificial knee. About ANSYS: ANSYS is a complete FEA software package used by engineers worldwide in virtually all fields of engineering. ANSYS is a virtual Prototyping technique used to iterate various scenarios to optimize the product. General Procedure of Finite Element Analysis: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Creation of geometry or continuum using preprocessor. Discretization of geometry or continuum using preprocessor. Checking for convergence of elements and nodes using preprocessor. Applying loads and boundary conditions using preprocessor. Solving or analyzing using solver Viewing of Results using postprocessor.

Build Geometry:

 Construct a two (or) three dimensional representation of the object to be modeled and tested using the work plane co-ordinate system in Ansys. Define Material Properties: Define the necessary material from the library that composes the object model which includes thermal and mechanical properties. Generate Mesh: Now define how the model system should be broken down into finite pieces. Apply Loads: The last task in preprocessing is to restrict the system by constraining the displacement and physical loading. Obtain Solution: The solution is obtained using solver available in ANSYS. The computer can understand easily if the problem is solved in matrices. Present the Result: After the solution has been obtained there are many ways to present Ansys result either in graph or in plot. Specific Capabilities of ANSYS Structural Analysis: Structural analysis is probably the most the common application of the finite element method such as piston, machine parts and tools. Static Analysis: It is the used to determine displacement, stress etc. under static loading conditions. Ansys can compute linear and non-linear types (e.g. the large strain hyper elasticity and creep problems). Transient Dynamic Analysis: It is used to determine the response of a structure to time varying loads. Buckling Analysis: It is used to calculate buckling load and to determine the shape of the component after applying the buckling load. Both linear buckling and non linear buckling analysis are possible.

Thermal Analysis: The steady state analysis of any solid under thermal boundary conditions calculates the effect of steady thermal load on a system (or) component that includes the following. a) Convection. b) Radiation. c) Heat flow rates. d) Heat fluxes. e) Heat generation rates. f) Constant temperature boundaries. Fluid Flow: The ANSYS CFD offers comprehensive tools for analysis of two-dimensional and three dimensional fluid flow fields. Magnetic: Magnetic analysis is done using Ansys / Electromagnetic program. It can calculate the magnetic field in device such as power generators, electric motor etc. Interest in magnetic analysis is finding magnetic flux, magnetic density, power loss and magnetic forces. Acoustic / Vibrations: Ansys is the capable of modeling and analyzing vibration system. Acoustic is the study of the generation, absorption and reflection of pressure waves in a fluid application. Few examples of acoustic applications are a) Design of concert house, where an even distribution of sound pressure is possible. b) Noise cancellation in automobile. c) Underground water acoustics. d) Noise minimization in machine shop. e) Geophysical exploration. Coupled Fields: A coupled field analysis is an analysis that takes into account the interation between two (or) more fields of engineering analysis. Pressure vessels, Induction heating and Micro electro mechanical systems are few examples. Result: Thus the basics of FEA and ANSYS are studied.

Ex.No:1

STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE

Aim To perform stress analysis of a plate with a circular hole. Procedure 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Solid Quad 4Node 42 > Select > Options > Plane Stress/Thickness. 4. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3. 5. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > plane 42> thickness = 10 6. Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangular by Dimension > X1, X2 = 0, 50 Y1, Y2 = 0, 50. 7. Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Circle > Solid circle > WP X = 0, WP Y = 50 & Radius = 10 > OK. 8. Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Subtract > Areas > Select rectangle >Apply > Select Circle > Ok. 9. Preprocessor > Meshing > Element Edge Length = 2 > Mesh > Areas > Free. 10. Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static > OK. 11. Solution > Define Load > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On lines > Select Bottom Line > UY > Displacement value = 0 > OK. 10. Solution > Define Load > On Lines > Select left line > Ok > UX > Displacement value = 0 > OK. 11. Solution > Pressure > On Line > Select Right line > Ok > Value [100] > Ok. 12. Solution > Solve > Current LS > Ok.

13. Utility menu > Plot control > Style > Symmetry Expansion > Periodic > Reflect about XY. 14. Plot control > Animate > deformed shape > Ok. 13. General Postprocessor > Plot Result > Deformed shape > Ok. 14. Plot Result > Plot Result > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution > Stress > Von Mises > Ok.

Result: Thus the stress analysis of a plate with a circular hole is performed.

EX.NO:2 Aim

STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR L - BRACKET

To perform stress analysis of rectangular L- bracket and to determine the maximum stress and maximum deflection. Procedure 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Solid Quad 8Node 42 > Select > Options > Plane Stress/Thickness. 4. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3. 5. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > plane 42> thickness = 12. 6. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Area > rectangle > centre & corner WP X = 25 WP Y = 0 Width = 150 Height = 50 Apply

WP X = 125 WP Y = -75 Width = 50 Height = 100 Ok 7. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Areas > circle > solid circle > WP X = 0 WP Y = 0 Radius = 25 Apply WP X = 125 WP Y = -75, Radius = 25 > Ok 8. Preprocessor > modeling > operate > Booleans > Add > Areas > pick all 9. Preprocessor > modeling > create > line > line fillet > select 2 lines > fillet radius = 10 > Ok. 10. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Areas > Arbitrary > By lines > select the three lines. 11. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Area > circle > solid circle > WP X = 0 WP Y = 0 Radius = 10 Apply WP X = 125 WP Y = -75 Radius = 10 Ok. 12. Preprocessor > modeling > operate > Booleans > Subtract > Areas > Select the rectangle > Apply > select two circles > Ok. 13. Preprocessor > meshing > mesh tool > size control > Areas > Element edge length = 2 mm > Ok > mesh > Areas > free> pick all. 14. Solution > define loads > apply > Structural > displacement > online > select the left hole (Inside) > apply > All DOF > Displacement value = 0 > ok. 15. Solution > pressure > on line > pick all (Select bottom left of the circle> apply. Load value = 50; optional value = 25 > apply

16. Solution > pressure > on line > pick all (Select bottom right of the circle> apply. Load value = 25; optional value = 50 > apply 17. Solution > solve current LS > ok 18. General post processor > plot result > Deformed shaped > Deformed + Undeformed > Ok. 18. General post processor > plot result > contour plot > nodal solution > stress > von mises > Ok. 19. List result > reaction solution > Ok Result: Thus the stress analysis of rectangular L-bracket with circular hole is obtained. (i) Maximum stress = 851.518 N/mm2 (ii) Maximum deflection = 1.359 mm. EX.NO:3 Aim To obtain the stress distribution of an axisymmetric component. The model will be that of a closed tube made from steel. Point loads will be applied at the centre of the top and bottom plate. Procedure 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > solid 8node 183 > options> axisymmetric. 4. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3. 5. Preprocessor>Modeling>create>Areas>Rectangle> By dimensions Rectangle 1 2 3 X1 0 15 0 X2 20 20 20 Y1 0 0 95 Y2 5 100 100 STRESS ANALYSIS OF AN AXI SYMMETRIC COMPONENT

6. Preprocessor > Modeling > operate > Booleans > Add > Areas > pick all > Ok. 7. Preprocessor > meshing > mesh tool > size control > Areas > Element edge length = 2 mm > Ok > mesh > Areas > free> pick all.

8. Solution > Analysis Type>New Analysis>Static 9. Solution > Define loads > Apply .Structural > displacement > symmetry B.C > on lines. (Pick the two edger on the left at X = 0) 10. Utility menu > select > Entities > select all 11. Utility menu > select > Entities > by location > Y = 50 >ok. (Select nodes and by location in the scroll down menus. Click Y coordinates and type 50 in to the input box.) 12. Solution > Define loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > on key points > FY > 100 > Pick the top left corner of the area > Ok. 13. Solution > Define Loads > apply > Structural > Force/moment > on key points > FY > -100 > Pick the bottom left corner of the area > ok. 14. Solution > Solve > Current LS 15. Utility Menu > select > Entities 16. Select nodes > by location > Y coordinates and type 45, 55 in the min., max. box, as shown below and click ok. 17. General postprocessor > List results > Nodal solution > stress > components SCOMP. 18. Utility menu > plot controls > style > Symmetry expansion > 2D Axisymmetric > expansion

Result: Thus the stress distribution of the axisymmetric component is studied. Ex. No: 4 (a) Aim: To obtain stress analysis of cantilever beam subjected to point load and to determine max. stress and max. deflection. Procedure: 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3 > close. 4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 & Height = 10 > Ok 5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3. 6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > nodes > Inactive CS Node 1 X=0 Y=0 Node 2 X= 20 STRESS ANALYSIS ON CANTILEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO POINT LOAD

Y=0 Node 3 X= 40 Y=0 Node 4 X= 60 Y=0 Node 5 X= 80 Y=0 Node 6 X= 100 Y=0 7. List > nodes > coordinate only > ok 8. Preprocessor > modeling > create > elements > Auto numbered thru nodes > select Node 1 & 2 Node 2 & 3 Node 3 & 4 Node 4 & 5 Node 5 & 6 > ok. 9. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on nodes > select node 1 > apply > all DOF > displacement = 0 > ok. 10. Solution > Force/moment > on nodes > node 6 > apply > FY > -100 > ok. 11. Solution > solve > current L.S > ok. 12. General post processor > plot result > deform shape > Deformed + Undeformed > ok. 13. General post processor > element table > define table > add > user table for item Smax I > by sequence num > NMISC 1 > apply Smax J > by sequence num > NMISC 3 > apply Smin I > by sequence num > NMISC 2 > apply Smin J > by sequence num > NMISC 4 > Ok.

14. Plot result > line element result > Smax I > Smax J > first result >Evaluate table data > Smax I, Smax J, Smin I, Smin J > Ok. 15. General postprocessor > list result > nodal solution > DOF solution > UY > displacement result ( Table 2) 16. General postprocessor > contour plot > line element res. > Ok. Table 1: Element Stresses S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 SMAXI N/mm2 600 480 360 240 120 SMAXJ N/mm2 480 360 240 120 0.1746e-11 SMINI N/mm2 -600 -480 -360 -240 -120 SMINI N/mm2 -480 -360 -240 -120 0.1746e +11

Table 2: Displacement Deflection Nodes 1 2 3 4 5 6 UY 0 -1.0667 e-01 -0.39619 e-01 -0.82286 e-01 -0.13410 -0.19048

Result: Thus the stress analysis on cantilever beam subjected point load is performed. Ex. No: 4(b) Aim: To perform Stress analysis of simply supported beam. Procedure: 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3> close. 4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 & Height = 10 > Ok 5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3. 6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > nodes > Inactive CS Node 1 X=0 Y=0 Node 2 X= 25 Y=0 STRESS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM.

Node 3 X= 50 Y=0 Node 4 X= 75 Y=0 Node 5 X= 100 Y=0 17. List > nodes > coordinate only > ok 18. Preprocessor > modeling > create > elements > Auto numbered thru nodes > select Node 1 & 2 Node 2 & 3 Node 3 & 4 Node 4 & 5 Node 5 & 6 > ok. 19. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on nodes > select node 1 & node 5 > apply > UY > displacement = 0 > ok. 20. Solution > Force/moment > on nodes > node 3 > apply > FY > -100 > ok. 21. Solution > solve > current L.S > ok. 22. General post processor > plot result > deform shape > Deformed + Undeformed > ok. 23. General post processor > element table > define table > add > user table for item Smax I > by sequence num > NMISC 1 > Apply Smax J > by sequence num > NMISC 3 > Apply Smin I > by sequence num > NMISC 2 > apply Smin J > by sequence num > NMISC 4 > Ok. 24. Plot result > line element result > Smax I > Smax J > first result >Evaluate table data > Smax I, Smax J, Smin I, Smin J > Ok.

25. General postprocessor > list result > nodal solution > DOF solution > UY > displacement result ( Table 2) 26. General postprocessor > contour plot > line element res. > Ok. Table 1: Element Stresses S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 SMAXI N/mm2 0.5457 e-14 7.5 15 15 7.5 SMAXJ N/mm2 7.5 15 7.5 7.5 0 SMINI N/mm2 - 0.5457 e-14 -7.5 -15 -15 -7.5 SMINI N/mm2 -7.5 -15 -7.5 -7.5 0

Table 2: Displacement Deflection Nodes 1 2 3 4 UY 0 -0.81846 e-2 -0.11905 e-1 -0.81846 e-2

Result: Thus the stress analysis of simply supported beam is obtained. Ex. No: 4(c) Aim: To perform stress analysis of fixed beam subjected to point load. Procedure: 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3> close. 4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 & Height = 10 > Ok 5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3. 6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > nodes > Inactive CS Node 1 X=0 Y=0 Node 2 X= 25 Y=0 STRESS ANALYSIS OF FIXED BEAM.

Node 3 X= 50 Y=0 Node 4 X= 75 Y=0 Node 5 X= 100 Y=0 7. List > nodes > coordinate only > ok 8. Preprocessor > modeling > create > elements > Auto numbered thru nodes > select Node 1 & 2 Node 2 & 3 Node 3 & 4 Node 4 & 5 Node 5 & 6 > ok. 9. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on nodes > select node 1 & node 5 > apply > all DOF > displacement = 0 > ok. 10. Solution > Force/moment > on nodes > node 3 > apply > FY > -100 > ok. 11. Solution > solve > current L.S > ok. 12. General post processor > plot result > deform shape > Deformed + Undeformed > ok. 13. General post processor > element table > define table > add > user table for item Smax I > by sequence num > NMISC 1 > apply Smax J > by sequence num > NMISC 3 > apply Smin I > by sequence num > NMISC 2 > apply Smin J > by sequence num > NMISC 4 > Ok. 14. Plot result > line element result > Smax I > Smax J > first result >Evaluate table data > Smax I, Smax J, Smin I, Smin J > Ok.

15. General postprocessor > list result > nodal solution > DOF solution > UY > displacement result ( Table 2) 16. General postprocessor > contour plot > line element res. > Ok. Table 1: Element Stresses S.No. 1 2 3 4 SMAXI N/mm2 7.503 0.104 e-14 7.503 0 SMAXJ N/mm2 0 7.503 0 7.503 SMINI N/mm2 -7.503 -0.104 e-14 -7.503 0 SMINI N/mm2 0 -7.503 0 -7.503

Table 2: Displacement Deflection Nodes 1 2 3 4 5 UY 0 -0.14887 e-2 -0.20174 e-2 -0.14887 e-2 0

Result: Thus the stress analysis of fixed beam is obtained. Ex. No: 5 Aim: To perform the model frequency analysis on 2D plate. Procedure: 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > Solid 8node 82 > options > plane stress with thickness > close. 4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > thickness = 1 > Ok 5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.068 E5, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 7.83E-6. 6. Preprocessor>Modeling>create>Areas>Rectangle> By dimensions 0, 250 0, 75 7. Preprocessor > meshing > mesh tool > size control > Areas > Element edge length = 15 mm > Ok > mesh > Areas > free> pick all. MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF 2D PLATE

8. Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > modal > OK. 9. Solution > Analysis option > sub space > Ok. 5, 5 10. Solution > define load > apply > structural > displacement > on lines > select left side line > all DOF > Ok. 11. Solve > current L.S > close 12. General postprocessor > result summary. 13. General postprocessor > first set > plot result > deform shape > deformed + undeformed > next set > plot result > deformed + undeformed > Ok. Table : S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 Time/Frequency 0.93693 4.4734 5.1535 9.9837 15.345 Load Sub Cumulation Shape step 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 4 4 1 5 5

Result: Thus the modal frequency analysis on 2D element is performed.

Ex. No: 6(a) Aim:

MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM

To obtain the mode frequency analysis on Cantilever beam and to determine its natural frequency. Procedure: 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3> close. 4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 & Height = 10 > Ok. 5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.068 E5, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 7.83E-6. 6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > key points > inactive CS Key point no.1 = (0, 0) Key point no.2 = (1000, 0) 7. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > lines > straight lines > select 1&2. 8. Meshing > mesh tool > lines > Element edge length > = 100 mm > mesh > pick all

9. Solution > analysis type > new analysis > modal > ok > analysis options > subspace = 5 > ok. Load Sub S.No. Time/Frequency Cumulation Shape step 10. Solution > define 1 8.3 1 1 1 loads > 2 52.011 1 2 2 apply > 3 145.64 1 3 3 structural > 4 285.51 1 4 4 5 427.54 1 5 5 displacement > on key points > select first point > apply > all DOF > displacement = 0 > Ok. 11. Solve > current L.S > close 12. General postprocessor > result summary. 13. General postprocessor > read result > first set > Ok. 14. General postprocessor > plot result > deform shape > deformed + undeformed > Ok. 15. General postprocessor > plot control > animate > modal shape. Table :

Result: Thus the mode frequency analysis of Cantilever beam is obtained.

Ex. No: 6(b) MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM Aim: To perform the model frequency analysis on simply supported beam. Procedure: 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3 > close. 4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 & Height = 10 > Ok. 5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.068 E5, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 7.83E-6. 6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > key points > inactive CS Key point no.1 = (0, 0) Key point no.2 = (1000, 0)

7. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > lines > straight lines > select 1&2. 8. Meshing > mesh tool > lines > Element edge length > = 100 mm > mesh > pick all Load Sub Cumulation Shape step 1 0 1 1 1 2 23.298 1 2 2 3 93.191 1 3 3 4 209.73 1 4 4 5 373.16 1 5 5 9. Solution > analysis type > new analysis > modal > ok > analysis options > subspace = 5 > ok. S.No. Time/Frequency 10. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on key points > select first point & second point > apply > UY > displacement = 0 > Ok. 11. Solve > current L.S > close 12. General postprocessor > result summary. 13. General postprocessor > read result > first set > Ok. 14. General postprocessor > plot result > deform shape > deformed + undeformed > Ok. 15. General postprocessor > plot control > animate > modal shape. Table :

Result: Thus the mode frequency analysis of simply supported beam is obtained. Ex. No: 6(c) Aim: To perform the model frequency analysis on Fixed beam. Procedure: 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3> close. 4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 & Height = 10 > Ok. 5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.068 E5, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 7.83E-6. MODEL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF FIXED BEAM.

6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > key points > inactive CS Key point no.1 = (0, 0) Key point no.2 = (1000, 0) 7. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > lines > straight lines > select 1&2. S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 Load Sub Cumulation Shape step 52.815 1 1 1 145.60 1 2 2 282.58 1 3 3 427.71 1 4 4 708.05 1 5 5 ok > analysis options > subspace = 5 > ok. Time/Frequency 8. Meshing > mesh tool > lines > Element edge length > = 100 mm > mesh > pick all 9. Solution > analysis type > new analysis > modal >

10. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on key points > select first point & second point > apply > all DOF > displacement = 0 > Ok. 11. Solve > current L.S > close 12. General postprocessor > result summary. 13. General postprocessor > read result > first set > Ok. 14. General postprocessor > plot result > deform shape > deformed + undeformed > Ok. 15. General postprocessor > plot control > animate > modal shape.

Table:

Result: Thus the mode frequency analysis on fixed beam is performed. Ex. No: 7 HARMONIC ANALYSIS ON 2D PLATE Aim: To perform the harmonic analysis on 2D plate. We conduct a harmonic forced response test by applying a cyclic load at the end of the plate. Procedure: 1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name. Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title. 2. Preference > Structural > OK. 3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > Solid 8node 82 > options > plane stress with thickness > close. 4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > thickness = 1 > Ok

5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.068 E5, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 7.83E-6. 6. Preprocessor>Modeling>create>Areas>Rectangle> By dimensions 0, 250 0, 75 7. Preprocessor > meshing > mesh tool > size control > Areas > Element edge length = 15 mm > Ok > mesh > Areas > free> pick all. 8. Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > harmonic > OK > analysis options > real + imaginary (full solution method). 9. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > force/moment > on nodes > click right corner > FY real value = 100 & Imaginary value = 0 > Ok. 10. Solve > current L.S > ok. 11. Load step option > time frequency > frequency & sub steps > 0,200 > 200 > stepped > Ok. 12. Time history postprocessor > variable viewer > add > nodal solution > DOF solution > Y-component of displacement > click right corner > ok > graph data > Ok. 13. Utility Menu > plot controls > style > graphs > modify axis ( change the Y-axis scale to logarithmic) 14. Utility menu > plot > replot. Result: Thus the harmonic analysis on 2D plate is performed. Ex. No: 8 Aim: To perform the thermal stress analysis of a 2D component. Procedure: 1. Preference > thermal > Ok. 2. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/edit /delete > LINK33 (Thermal Mass Link 3D conduction) > close. 3. Preprocessor > real constant > add > Area = 4e-4 THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT

4. Preprocessor > material properties > Material Models > Thermal conductivity > Isotropic > KXX: 60.5 5. 6. Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS... Keypoint Coordinates (x, y) 1 (0,0) 2 (1,0) 7. Preprocessor > modeling > create > lines > lines > In active coordinate system > select 1 & 2. 8. Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh tool > Size Controls > Manual Size > element edge length = 0.1 > mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All 9. Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write In the window that appears, enter the TITLE Thermal and click OK. 10. Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Clear > OK 11. Preprocessor > Element Type > Switch Elem Type (Choose Thermal to Structural from the scroll down list.) 12. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic > EX: 200e9, PRXY: 0.3 13. Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Thermal Expansion Coefficient > Isotropic > ALPX = 12e-6 14. Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write > In the window that appears, enter the TITLE Struct. 15. Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static 16. Solution > Physics > Environment > Read > Choose thermal and click OK. (If the Physics option is not available under Solution, click Unabridged Menu at the bottom of the Solution menu. This should make it visible). 17. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On Keypoints > Set the temperature of Keypoint 1, the left-most point, to 348 Kelvin. 18. Solution > Solve > Current LS

19. Main Menu > Finish The thermal solution has now been obtained. If you plot the steady-state temperature on the link, you will see it is a uniform 348 K, as expected. This information is saved in a file labelled Jobname.rth, were .rth is the thermal results file. Since the jobname wasn't changed at the beginning of the analysis, this data can be found as file.rth. We will use these results in determining the structural effects. 20. Solution > Physics > Environment > Read Choose struct and click OK. 21. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Keypoints > Fix Keypoint 1 for all DOF's and Keypoint 2 in the UX direction. 22. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Temperature > From Thermal Analysis As shown below, enter the file name File.rth. This couple the results from the solution of the thermal environment to the information prescribed in the structural environment and uses it during the analysis. 23. Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Settings > Reference Temp For this set the reference temperature to 273 degrees Kelvin 24. Solution > Solve > Current LS 25. General Postprocessor > Element Table > Define Table > Add > CompStr > By Sequence Num > LS > LS, 1. 26. General Postprocessor > Element Table > List Elem Table > COMPSTR > Ok. 1. Hand Calculations Hand calculations were performed to verify the solution found using ANSYS:

As shown, the stress in the link should be a uniform 180 MPa in compression.

Result: Thus the thermal stress analysis of 2D component is performed and the stress in each element ranges from -0.180e9 Pa, or 180 MPa in compression.

Ex. No: 9 Aim:

CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF 2D COMPONENT

This tutorial was created to solve a simple conduction problem. The thermal conductivity (k) of the material is 10 w/m C and the block is assumed to be infinitely long. Procedure: 1. Preference > thermal > Ok. 2. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/edit /delete > Select thermal mass solid, Quad 4 node 55 (Plane 55) > close.

3. Preprocessor > material properties > Material Models > Thermal conductivity > Isotropic > KXX = 10 (thermal Conductivity ) 4. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X = 0, Y = 0, width = 1, Height = 1 > Ok. 5. Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh tool > Size Controls > Manual Size > element edge length = 0.05 > mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All 6. Solution > Analysis type > New analysis > steady state > Ok. 7. Solution > Define loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On nodes a. Click the box option and draw a box around the nodes on the top line. b. Fill the window in as shown to constrain the side to a const. temperature of 500. c. Using the same method, constrain the remaining 3 sides to a constant value of 100. 8. Solution > solve > Current LS. 9. General Preprocessor > Plot results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution > DOF solution > nodal temperature (TEMP) > Ok.

Result: Thus conductive heat transfer analysis is performed.

Ex. No: 10 Aim:

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF 2D COMPONENT

To perform the thermal analysis on a given block with convective heat transfer coefficient (h) of 10 W/m C and the thermal conductivity (k) of the material is 10 W/m C. Procedure: 1. Preference > thermal > Ok. 2. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/edit /delete > Select thermal mass solid, Quad 4 node 55 (Plane 55) > close.

3. Preprocessor > material properties > Material Models > Thermal conductivity > Isotropic > KXX = 10 (thermal Conductivity ) 4. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X = 0, Y = 0, width = 1, Height = 1 > Ok. 5. Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh tool > Size Controls > Manual Size > element edge length = 0.05 > mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All 6. Solution > Analysis type > New analysis > steady state > Ok. 7. Solution > Define loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > on lines > click the top of the rectangular box > temperature > 500 > apply > click the left side of the rectangular box > ok > temperature > 100 > Ok. 8. Solution > Define loads > Apply > Thermal > convection > on lines > click the right side of the rectangular box > Ok. 9. Solve > current L.S > Ok. 10. General Preprocessor > Plot results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution > DOF solution > nodal temperature (TEMP) > Ok.

Result: Thus convective heat transfer analysis is performed.