Scribd
Upload
391 views4 pages

UBC Math 255 Practice Midterm 1

This document contains a practice midterm exam for a differential equations course. It includes 5 problems testing skills like: 1) Solving first order differential equations, finding integrating factors, sketching direction fields, and analyzing fixed points and stability. 2) Finding equilibrium points of autonomous equations, classifying stability, and sketching solutions. 3) Solving initial value problems for exact and homogeneous differential equations. 4) Modeling and solving an initial value problem for Newton's law of cooling. 5) Finding fundamental solutions, writing the general solution, and solving an initial value problem for a second order linear differential equation.

Uploaded by

Keith Russell
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
391 views4 pages

UBC Math 255 Practice Midterm 1

This document contains a practice midterm exam for a differential equations course. It includes 5 problems testing skills like: 1) Solving first order differential equations, finding integrating factors, sketching direction fields, and analyzing fixed points and stability. 2) Finding equilibrium points of autonomous equations, classifying stability, and sketching solutions. 3) Solving initial value problems for exact and homogeneous differential equations. 4) Modeling and solving an initial value problem for Newton's law of cooling. 5) Finding fundamental solutions, writing the general solution, and solving an initial value problem for a second order linear differential equation.

Uploaded by

Keith Russell
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

MATH 215/255 PRACTICE MIDTERM I

Problem I. (Short answer questions.) (10 points) (a) (2 points) Find an integrating factor for the equation: (t2 + 1)y 2ty = t2 + 1. The integrating factor is:

(t) = e

2t t2 +1

dt

= e ln (t

2 +1)

= (t2 + 1)1 .

(b) (2 points) Find the general solution of the equation: y + 4y + 4y = 0 The characteristic equation is: r2 + 4r + 4 = (r + 2)2 , so there is a double root: r = 2. The general solution is: y = (C1 + C2 t) e2t . (c) (2 points) Consider the dierential equation: y = (y 1)(ey 1). Sketch the direction eld. If 0 < y(0) < 1, then nd the limit of the solution y(t) as t , without solving the equation. Since (y 1)(ey 1) < 0 for 0 < y < 1 the solution y = y(t) is decreasing and approaching the stable xed point: y = 0, so y(t) 0 if 0 < y(0) < 1. (d) (2 points) Solve the initial value problem: y = y2, y(0) = 1/2

and nd the largest interval on which the solution exists.


1 The solution of this separable equation is: y = t2 , thus it is not dened at t = 2. The largest interval is the half-line: t < 2.

(e) (2 points) Find all values of such that all solutions of the equation tend to 0 as t . u + 2( 1)u + u = 0 The characteristic equation is: r2 +2(1)r+1 = 0. The roots are: r1,2 = (1)
1

( 1)2 1.

MATH 215/255 PRACTICE MIDTERM I

If > 1 then we have two negative real roots, or two complex roots with negative real part, so in both cases all solutions tend to 0 as t . The answer is > 1. (This will be more obvious after the spring-mass application as the positive coecient of u corresponds to damping.) Problem II. (6 points) Consider the autonomous equation depending on the parameter k.

y = 2y y 2 k (i) (3 points) Find the equilibrium points for k = 0 classify them as stable or unstable and sketch a few typical solution curves. For k = 0, we have: y = 2y y 2 = y(2 y). The equilibrium points are: y1 = 0, y2 = 2. Here y1 = 0 is unstable, while y2 = 2 is stable (this is the logistic equation). (ii) (3 points) Find the equilibrium point(s) for k = 1 and sketch a few typical solution curves. The equation is: y = 2y y 2 1 = (y 1)2 . the equilibrium point is: y1 = 1. Note that y < 0 both if y > 1 or y < 1. So y(t) 1 if y(0) > 1 and y(t) if y(0) < 1. The equilibrium point is semi-stable. Problem III. (8 points) Solve the following initial value problems. Indicate the largest interval on which the solution exists. (i) (4 points) x + 2yx)y = 0, y

(ln( xy) + x2 + y 2 + (

y(1) = 1
x y

This is an exact equation with: M (x, y) = ln( xy) + x2 + y 2 and N (x, y) =


My = 1/y + 2y = Nx .

+ 2yx. Indeed:

The solutions are of the form: H(x, y) = C, where Hx = M and Hy = N . Thus x H(x, y) = ( + 2yx) dy = x ln y + y 2 x + h(x). y From the equation Hx = M , we get:

ln y + y 2 + h (x) = ln( xy) + x2 + y 2 = ln x + ln y + y 2 + x2 , so 1 2 h (x) = ln x + x , h(x) = (ln x + x2 ) dx = x ln x x + x3 . 3

MATH 215/255 PRACTICE MIDTERM I

The general solution (in implicit form) is: 1 x ln y + y 2 x + x ln x x + x3 = C. 3 (ii) (4 points)

x2 y = y 2 + yx + x2 ,

y(1) = 0

This is a homogeneous equation: y = (y/x)2 + (y/x) + 1. Let u = y/x, so y = ux and then y = u x + u. Substituting this into the equation gives: u x + u = u2 + u + 1 u x = u2 + 1. By separating the variables, we have: du dx du = , 2+1 u x tan1 (u) = ln x + C u = tan (ln x + C) y = x tan (ln x + C).

Problem IV. (8 points) A hot coee of initial temperature of 80 (F) is placed on a table in room of temperature 60 (F). Suppose that the coee starts cooling down at a rate 2 (F/min) while temperature of the room is increasing at a constant rate 1 (F/min). (b) (3 points) Write down a dierential equation for the temperature of the coee. Let T denote the temperature of the coee, and Tm = 60 + t the temperature of the room. By Newtons law of cooling: T = k(T 60 t). The initial data gives: T (0) = 80 and T (0) = 2 (the rate of initial cooling). Thus: 2 = k(80 60), so k = 1/10. Then we have the initial value problem: 1 t T = 6 + , T (0) = 80. 10 10 which is an easy linear DE to solve. T + (b) (5 points) Solve the equation and calculate the the temperature of the coee after t minutes.

Problem V. (8 points) Consider the dierential equation t2 y + ty y = 0. (i) (6 points) Find two solutions of the form: y = tr and verify that they form a fundamental set of solutions by calculating their Wronskian. Write down the general solution.

MATH 215/255 PRACTICE MIDTERM I

If y = tr , then y = rtr1 and y = r(r 1)tr2 . Plugging this into the equation gives: r(r 1)tr + rtr tr = 0. Dividing both sides by tr : r(r 1) + r 1 = r2 1 = 0 , so r = 1 or r = 1. This gives the solutions: y1 = t, y2 = t1 . The Wronskian is: W (y1 , y2 ) = t1 + t t2 = 2t1 = 0. The general solution is: y = C1 t + C2 t1 . (i3) (2 points) Find the solution satisfying the initial conditions: y(1) = 1, y (1) = 0 y(1) = C1 + C2 = 1 y(1) = C1 C2 = 0 Hence C1 = C2 = 1/2.

You might also like