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    Con Law I Attack Sheet - GW Prof. Cheh 2009 - Text Barron

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    Caitlin Elizabeth
    This document outlines key concepts in constitutional law for analyzing whether a court has jurisdiction over a case, whether a claim is justiciable, whether Congress has overstepped its powers, and whether states are limited by federal law. It covers topics like the court's jurisdiction, justiciability doctrines, the scope of congressional powers under the Commerce Clause and 14th Amendment, limits on those powers, and preemption of state law. The document provides numerous Supreme Court cases as examples to illustrate the application of these constitutional law principles.

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    Con Law I Attack Sheet - GW Prof. Cheh 2009 - Text Barron

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    Caitlin Elizabeth
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    This document outlines key concepts in constitutional law for analyzing whether a court has jurisdiction over a case, whether a claim is justiciable, whether Congress has overstepped its powers, and whether states are limited by federal law. It covers topics like the court's jurisdiction, justiciability doctrines, the scope of congressional powers under the Commerce Clause and 14th Amendment, limits on those powers, and preemption of state law. The document provides numerous Supreme Court cases as examples to illustrate the application of these constitutional law principles.

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    This document outlines key concepts in constitutional law for analyzing whether a court has jurisdiction over a case, whether a claim is justiciable, whether Congress has overstepped its powers, and whether states are limited by federal law. It covers topics like the court's jurisdiction, justiciability doctrines, the scope of congressional powers under the Commerce Clause and 14th Amendment, limits on those powers, and preemption of state law. The document provides numerous Supreme Court cases as examples to illustrate the application of these constitutional law principles.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3K views5 pages

    Con Law I Attack Sheet - GW Prof. Cheh 2009 - Text Barron

    Uploaded by

    Caitlin Elizabeth
    This document outlines key concepts in constitutional law for analyzing whether a court has jurisdiction over a case, whether a claim is justiciable, whether Congress has overstepped its powers, and whether states are limited by federal law. It covers topics like the court's jurisdiction, justiciability doctrines, the scope of congressional powers under the Commerce Clause and 14th Amendment, limits on those powers, and preemption of state law. The document provides numerous Supreme Court cases as examples to illustrate the application of these constitutional law principles.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses the various doctrines of justiciability such as mootness, ripeness, advisory opinions and political questions. It also covers principles of standing, jurisdiction and the separation of powers between the branches of government.

    For a case to be justiciable, it must present an actual case or controversy, cannot be moot or involve political questions, and the parties must have standing. The doctrines of justiciability ensure the proper role of the judiciary in resolving genuine legal disputes.

    For a party to have standing, they must have suffered a distinct, personal injury that was caused by the defendant's actions and is redressable by the court. The injury must be concrete, particularized, and imminent rather than hypothetical or conjectural.

    FINALAttackSheet

    GW CON LAW I 5 PG Attack Sheet - Prof. Cheh 2009 TEXT: Barron, 7th ed. 2006

    CourtwillnotdecideConst.issueunlessnecessary,thenonlynarrowaspossible;hopefullyastatute cansolveissueorinterpretedtoavoidConst.issue I. IsthereJURISDICTION? A. DidCongressgrantSCOTUSmorethanoriginaljurisdiction? Marburyv.Madison (Art.IIIgivesSCOTUSoriginaljurisdictionovercertaincasesand Congresscannotgrantadditionaljurisdiction) B. DidCongresslimitSCOTUS'sappellatejurisdictionwithitsexceptionspower? ExParteMcCardle (Art.IIIexpresslyauthorizesCongresstocreateexceptionstoSCOTUS's appellatejurisdiction definitionallimit) UnitedStatesv.Klein (CongressmaynotusetheExceptionsClausetocrippletheCourt's abilitytobethefinalarbiterofwhattheConstitutionmeans external/SOPlimit) C. Violationofthe11THAMEND.? Sovereignimmunity meansastatecannotbesuedbyaprivatepartyinfederalcourt Exceptions: stripping&injunction,statev.state,USv.state,statewaiver,SCOTUSreviewof statecase,14thAmend.claims Hypo: cansuewelfareofficialfordefamationdamagesbutnotstateforlostwelfare II. IstheclaimJUSTICIABLE? A. IsthereanACTUALCASEANDCONTROVERSY? Muskratv.US (Theremustbeanactualdispute involvinglegalrelationsof2adverse parties forwhichjudiciarycanproviderelief "aretherefightersinthering?") B. IsitanADVISORYOPINION? SCOTUSwillnotgiveadviceonnewlawsorabstract/hypotheticalquestions C. IsthereaPRUDENTIALLIMITATION? TheCourtisselfconscious,selfrestraintboundlikeOdysseus;conservepoliticalcapital, keepouttroublemakers,adversarysystemsharpensissues D. IsitaPOLITICALQUESTION? SCOTUSwillnotviolateSOP;theConstitutiontextuallyexcludesreviewbecausethepower isreservedforanotherbranchofthegovernment,Nixonv.U.S. (senateimpeachments); Goldwaterv.Carter (President'spoweroverforeignaffairs) SCOTUSwillnotconsideracasewheretherearenojudiciallymanageablestandards(no criteriaforreview),see Lutherv.Boren (isagovernment"republican"?) E. IstheclaimMOOT? SCOTUSwillnothearacasewhenthereisnocontroversyatanystageoflitigation,unless: Collateralinjury? Capableofrepetition? Roev.Wade ([1]typeofinjuryisreoccurringand[2]litigation inherentlyshorterthantimeforinjury) Freetoresume or"shammootness"?FriendsoftheEarthv.Laidlaw (pollution);City ofEriev.Pap'sAM (sex) Classaction? F. IstheclaimRIPE? SCOTUSwillnothearacaseunlessthereisa"bleedingplaintiff" Compare AbbottLaboratoriesv.Gardner (declaratoryjudgment/preenforcement reviewOKif(1)severehardship ifreviewwithheld,and(2)predictedharmis probable)with ToiletGoodsv.Gardner (penaltyoflicensesuspensionnotsevere) Hardshipfromcollateralinjuries,see DukePowerv.CarolinaEnvironmentalGroup (thehardshipwasthefear ofanuclearaccident) G. DoestheclaimmeetConstitutionalrequirementsofSTANDING? Theremustbedistinctorimminentpersonalinjuryinfact Compare Lujanv.DefendersofWildlife (plaintiffslackedstandingbecauseinsufficient

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    likelihoodoffutureinjury thatrequiredaplaneticket)with SCRAP (aestheticand environmentalinjuriesareOK theybreathedtheair,hikedthetrails) L.A.v.Lyons (plaintiffcouldseekdamagesbutnotinjunctionbecausetherewasno more likelihoodofimminentharm) Plaintiffmustallegedefendant'sconductcaused theharm Allenv.Wright (theIRSdidnotcausethesegregation;injuryhighlyindirect andresults fromindependentactionsofsome3rdpartynotbeforethecourt);Simonv.Eastern KentuckyWelfareRights (itwas"purelyspeculative"theIRScausedthedenialof medicalservices) DukePowerv.CarolinaEnvironmentalGroup (butfor thePriceAct,thenuclear reactorwouldnotbebuiltandplaintiffswouldnotsufferharm) Plaintiffmustallegetheafavorablecourtdecisionislikelytoremedy theharm Simonv.EasternKentuckyWelfareRights ("thecomplaintsuggestsnosubstantial likelihoodthatvictoryinthesuitwouldresultinplaintiffreceivingthehospitalcare thedesired") DoestheclaimmeettheprudentialrequirementsofSTANDING? 3rdpartysuits/standing? Notallowedunless(1) the3rdpartyisunabletosue,(2) thereisacloserelationship with3rdparty/economicharm,and(3) theplaintiffcanrepresentinterestswell,see Craigv.Boren (bartenderallowedtosueforlostcustomers) Associationstanding? Onlyallowedif(1) thememberswouldhavestandingontheirown,(2) interests germanetopurposeofassoc.,(3) claimnorreliefrequiresparticipation Generalizedgrievancesbytaxpayers? Compare Frothinghamv.Mellon (notaxpayerstanding),with Flastv.Cohen (Double NexusTest:(1)theremustbealogicallinkbetweentaxpayerstatusandlegislation attacked(theexerciseofCongress'sspendingandtaxingpower,and(2)Congress violatedaspecificlimitationonthepowertotaxandspend(onlyEstablishment Clause) Mustbespecificspending,notincidentalexpenditures,see ValleyForge (nostanding whenchallengingadministrativerulingunderpropertyclause) Partymustbewithinzoneofinterests,BankReceiptHypo (intendedtoprotect customersonly) FriendsoftheEarthv.Laidlaw (civilpenaltiesnotpaidtoindividualsareOKbecause theyareanincentiveforthestatenottodosomething)

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    III. IsCONGRESS OversteppingitsPOWER? ANSWERBY: (1)whatisscopeofstatute;(2)whatistheintent(CourtprefersnonConst. interpretation);(3)whatfederalpowerisCongressusing;(4)whatarelimitstothepower a. NECESSARYANDPROPER? McCullochv.Maryland (Congresscanchoosetheappropriatemeanstoaccomplishany legitimateendoftheConstitutionbyenactinglawsrelatedtothepowersenumerated in Art.ISection8) b. COMMERCEPower? Channels ofinterstatecommerce,Gibbonsv.Ogden Instrumentalities ofinterstatecommerce,Gibbonsv.Ogden Activitieshavingasubstantialrelationto,orsubstantialaffect oninterstatecommerce Lopez (No gunsarenotaneconomicactivityandtoofarremoved tobesubstantial relation;"butforreasoning,buildinginferenceuponinferencerejected");Morrison (No cumulativeeffectofviolenceagainstwomenisnoneconomic sonotallowed) Gonzales (Yes evenintrastate activitiescanberegulatedbasedoncumulativeimpact ofeconomic activitybecauseitiswithinabroadregulatoryscheme ofCongress) c. TAXING Power? Upheldaslongasitraisesfromrevenue,evenifpurposeisregulatory,seeSonzinskyv.US ("everytaxisregulatoryinsomemeasure") d. SPENDING Power? Broadspendingpowerforthegeneralwelfare("hereboy!",likea"bribe") Powertospendalsomeanspowertowatchovermoney Congresscanofferfinancialinducementaslongas(5) "itdoesnotpassthepointwhere pressurebecomescompulsion",SouthDakotav.Dole (fundsforincreasingdrinkingagewas OKinducementforsafehighways) (1) generalwelfare,(2) expressconditions,(3) relatedtofederalinterest,(4) doesnot violateanotherprovisionoftheConstitution e. 14THAMENDMENTPower? EqualprotectionanddueprocessisdirectedspecificallyatcontrollingstatessoNOTsubject to11thAmendment Congresscanonlymakelawstoprevent or remedy violations,butnotexpandorcreatenew rights,see CityofBoernev.Flores (lawsmustbenarrowlytailoredtobecongruent and proportional toConst.violation religionlawwouldaffecteveryone,everywhere) STATEACTION? OKtoregulatelocalandstategovernmentsbutNOTprivateactions Publicfunction byprivatepartyperformingfunctiontraditionally andexclusively governmentalinnature(companytown,butNOTmalls,schools,hospitals) Symbioticrelationship only,see Burtonv.WilmingtonParkingAuthority Stateresponsible forprivateaction Authorized,approved,orencouragedbyjudicialenforcement NOTenoughforevenextensivelicensing(Moosehead),orregulation,see Jacksonv.MetroEdisonCo. (thegovernmentmustbecome responsiblefor discrimination f. Violationofthe10THAMENDMENT? Garcia (powersnotgrantedarereservedforstates,butstatesarenotimmunefromfederal commerceregulationsthatapplyequallytonongovernmententities) NewYork (thegovernmentcan(1) encourage statestoadoptregulations,(2) directly preempt withCommerceClause,(3)butcannotcompel statestoenforceoradminister federalregulations) Compare Printz (cannot"commander"stateofficialsunderBradyGunAct)with Renov. Condon(regulatingdriverlicenseinfoavailabilityOK,justaprohibition,statenotrequiredto enactlawsorusestateofficialstoenforce) Treaties notsubjectto10thAmendment,Missouriv.Holland (birdtreatywithCanada)

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    IV. IstheSTATELIMITED? a. TAXING orREGULATINGFEDERALGOVERNMENT? Statescannottax thefederalgovernment,McCullochv.Maryland IncludingfederalcontractorswheretaxANDlegalburdenispassedontofed.gov. Statescannotregulate federalworkers(postal,USPTOagents) b. PREEMPTIONtothestatelaw? "preemptionisliketheSupremacyClauseinaction" Express Silkwood (clearclausesays"nostatecanimpose") Field CityofBurbankv.LockheedTerminal (ifCongressintendedtoexclusivelyoccupya field,anystatelawispreempted,eveniflawshavesamegoal) Physicalconflict (ifapersoncannotcomplywithboth,statelawispreemptedbyfederal) Purposeconflict (ifstatelawimpedesfederalobjective) Courtcanavoidpreemptionbynarrowlyconstruingstatelaw,see PacificGas& Electricv.State (federallaw'spurposewasonly topromoteeconomicallyfeasible nuclearplants,notsimplynuclearplants) c. StatestatuteviolatesDORMANTCOMMERCECLAUSE?(individuals&corporations) Statescannot(1)discriminate,and(2)burdeninterstatecommerce Ifthereis discrimination,thereisastrongpresumptionagainstlaw,Dean'sMilkv.Madison Doesthelawexcludealloutofstaters? Doesthelawimposeacostonoutofstatersthatinstatersdonothavetobear? Wasthelawmotivatedbyprotectionist purpose? Faciallyneutrallawhas discriminatoryimpact?Huntv.WashingtonStateApple Discriminatorylawupheldonly ifnecessarytoachieveimportantstatepurpose(mainly healthandsafety) isthereanondiscriminatoryalternative? CompareDean'sMilkv.Madison (ifforsafety,whynotsendinspectors?)with Maine v.Taylor (onlywaytoprotectfragilefisheriesfromparasiteswasbanningoutofstate baitfish) Nondiscriminatorylawforlegitimatelocalpurposeupheldunless burdenonICisclearly excessivetolocalbenefit,see SouthernPacificv.Arizona (decreasedlength=moretrains) Isthisastatetax?CompleteAutoTransitv.Brady (statetaxOKifsubstantialnexus betweenactivity,fairlyapportioned,doesnotdiscriminate,relatedtoservicesprovided) MARKETPARTICIPANT exception Unlessregulatoryeffectsdownstream Unlesssharedpublicrights (sharedbeachoroilinTexas) CONGRESSIONALCONSENT exception d. StatestatuteviolatesPRIVILEGESANDIMMUNITIESCLAUSE?(ONLYcitizensanddiscrm.) Discriminationisprohibitedagainstnoncitizensina fundamental right(civillibertiesand economicrights),see Baldwinv.FishandGameCommission (elkhunting) Unlessnecessarytopromoteanimportantstateinterestandmustbenarrowlytailored UnitedBuildingandConstructionv.CityofCamden (economicsnotimportantenough and evenitwere,mustbetailorednarrowly i.e.notcityhall) Isthereanalternativethatdoesnotdiscriminateandstillachievesameresult? CongressionalapprovaldoesnotexcusealawthatviolateP&I Nomarketparticipantexception Exceptionforshared publicrights (oilinTexas)

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    V. EXECUTIVEPOWERS,LIMITATIONS,andSOP a. EXECUTIVEOVERSTEPPING? WithinPresident's inherentforeignaffairspower?(somebodyhastobeabletoexercise thesepowersofasovereignnation) (1)mustbeemergency,(2)Congressmusthavenotnegated,(3)doesnotviolateany Const.provisions,see YoungstownSheet&TubeCo. Presidentnotdoinghisduty whenCongressexplicitlysayshemust?Youngstown Lineitemveto? Oversteppingforeignaffairs powerbyrescindingatreaty?Goldwaterv.Carter (Taiwan treatyrescindingisapoliticalquestion,butpracticaleffectisSCOTUSOK'dit) Doesexecutiveagreement violateConst.oranotherfed.statute? Authoritytodeclarewar?(preventwar,endwar,fixeffectsofwar,taxmorebeforewar?) ViolationofWarPowersResolution(thatallowsPresidenttoactwithoutdeclarationifthere isaneed)? Japaneseintermentcamps,waronterrorism,see Hamdiv.Rumsfeld (noauthorityto holdunlessCongresssuspendswritofhabeascorpus) b. InvasionofEXECUTIVEPRIVILEGE? Isitprivilegetokeepconversationssecretforprotectingnationalsecurityandreceiving unbiasedopinions?UnitedStatesv.Nixon ("nomanisabovethelaw,noteventhe President" Noprivilegeforcriminalcases aslongasthereis(1)specificneed,(2)substantial need,(3)mustbeproceduralsafeguards) c. InvasionofEXECUTIVEIMMUNITY? Nixonv.Fitzgerald (absoluteimmunity fromcivilcases fordamageswhileinoffice) Contra Clintonv.Jones (Presidentcanbesuedforeventspriortotakingoffice) d. CONGRESSOVERSTEPPING? IsCongressdelegating itspowerwithan"intelligibleprinciple"?See Mistrettav.US (can appointinferiorofficersandpermitsArt.IIIjudgestoserveonpanelsnottraditionally reservedforexecutive Congressdirectly appointing orremoving executiveofficers?(Congresscannotprohibitall removalpowerorgiveremovalpowertoitselfotherthanbyimpeachment violates SOP) IsCongresslimiting theexecutiveremoval power? OKtolimitremovalforjustcauseofofficersinindependentagencies (FTC,FCC,SEC) OKwhenthereneedstobe SOP,see Morrisonv.Olson (limitingOK"unlessthe standardforremovalundulytrammelsonexecutiveauthority" attorneygeneral couldstillfireforgoodcause)

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