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X-Ray Production: Online Textbook

The document discusses the electrical circuit used to power x-ray tubes. The circuit connects the x-ray tube to a generator, which provides adjustable voltage, current, and exposure time to control the x-ray production process. Electrons gain energy from the generator and transfer it to the tube's anode, producing x-rays via interactions that depend on the anode material and electron binding energies. Different anode materials like molybdenum and rhodium produce x-ray spectra suited to imaging different breast densities.

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Sai Fujiwara
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96 views14 pages

X-Ray Production: Online Textbook

The document discusses the electrical circuit used to power x-ray tubes. The circuit connects the x-ray tube to a generator, which provides adjustable voltage, current, and exposure time to control the x-ray production process. Electrons gain energy from the generator and transfer it to the tube's anode, producing x-rays via interactions that depend on the anode material and electron binding energies. Different anode materials like molybdenum and rhodium produce x-ray spectra suited to imaging different breast densities.

Uploaded by

Sai Fujiwara
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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on Anode

THE X-RAY CIRCUIT

Binding

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The energy used by the x-ray tube to produce x-radia on is supplied by an electrical circuit as illustrated below. The circuit connects the tube to the source of electrical energy, that in the x-ray room is o en referred to as the As described in another chapter, the generator receives the electrical

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energy from the electrical power system and converts it into the appropriate form (DC, direct current) to apply to the x-ray tube. The generator also provides the ability to adjust certain electrical quan es that control the x-ray produc on process. The three principle electrical quan es that can be adjusted are the:

KV (the voltage or electrical poten al applied to the tube) MA (the electrical current that ows through the tube) S (dura on of the exposure or exposure me, generally a frac on of a second) The circuit is actually a circulatory system for electrons. They pickup energy as the pass through the generator and transfer their energy to the x-ray tube anode as described above.

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ons That Produce X-Ray Photons CONTENTS The electrons within an atom each have a specic amount of binding energy that depends on the size (atomic number, Z) of the atom and the shell in which the electron is located. As described in a previous chapter the binding energy is the energy that would be required to remove the electron from the atom. It is actually an energy decit rather than an amount of available energy. The binding energy of electrons within an atom plays a major role in the produc on of characteris c x-radia on as described later. CONTENTS

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CONTENTS

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A Model for Bremsstrahlung Produc on and the Associated Photon Energy Spectrum

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CONTENTS CONTENTS

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Electron Energy Levels in Tungsten and the Associated Characteris c X-Ray Spectrum

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The op mum spectrum to produce the best balance between contrast sensi vity and radia on dose for an average size breast is one with most of the radia on with photon energies below about 20 keV. However, there is considerable

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CONTENTS Rhodium has an atomic number (Z) of 45 compared to a Z of 42 for molybdenum. Therefore the characteris c x-radia on produced with a rhodium anode will have energies that are slightly higher than produced with molybdenum and are more penetra ng. This is of value for imaging dense breast. Anodes that have dual surface areas, molybdenum and rhodium, make it possible for the operator to select a spectrum that is more op mized for dierent breast sizes and densi es.

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Typical Photon Energy Spectrum from a Machine Opera ng at KV = 80

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Typical X-Ray Tube Ecacy (Exposure Output) for Dierent KV P Values CONTENTS

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