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Algebra S5

1. The document provides exercises for a linear algebra course, including calculating matrix products and inverses, determining whether matrices are invertible, and properties of triangular matrices. 2. Students are asked to find elementary row operation matrices, compute LU decompositions, and prove properties such as the invertibility of the product of invertible matrices. 3. Questions involve verifying properties of elementary matrices, triangular matrices, and conditions for a matrix to have a unique solution or be invertible.

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257 views3 pages

Algebra S5

1. The document provides exercises for a linear algebra course, including calculating matrix products and inverses, determining whether matrices are invertible, and properties of triangular matrices. 2. Students are asked to find elementary row operation matrices, compute LU decompositions, and prove properties such as the invertibility of the product of invertible matrices. 3. Questions involve verifying properties of elementary matrices, triangular matrices, and conditions for a matrix to have a unique solution or be invertible.

Uploaded by

tajefx
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Linear Algebra Section STI-SMT Fall Semester 20122013 Wednesday, October 17, 2012

C O L E P O L Y T E C H N I Q U E F DR A L E D E L A U S A N N E

Exercise Set 5
Weekly homework problems, their solutions as well as other general information regarding the course may be found on the course website: http://sma.epfl.ch/~hausel/linalg/ In addition to those given here, doing additional problems from the relevant sections of [David C. Lay, Linear Algebra and Its Applications, Fourth Edition, AddisonWesley, 2012] is recommended. Answers to the odd-numbered questions are given at the back of the book. Exercise 1. 1 Let X = 2 , 3 4 Y = 5 , 0

Z=

1 2

and W =

2 . 1

Calculate XZ T , XW T , Y Z T et Y W T . 1 4 Let M = 2 5 3 0 Calculate M N in two dierent ways: using the row-column rule, using the column-row expansion. Exercise 2. Compute the inverse of the matrix A=

et

N=

1 2

2 . 1

3 6

7 , 13

1. using the formula for the inverse of a 2 2-matrix, 2. and by reducing the augmented matrix [A|I]. Use the result obtained above to solve the system of linear equations 3x 7y 6x + 13y = 4 = 1.

Exercise 3. Find the following elementary 3 3-matrices: E1 , which permutes the second and third row; E2 , which multiplies the second row with 8; E3 , which adds 7 times the rst row to the third. Are the matrices E1 , E2 et E3 invertible? Justify your answer. If yes, nd their inverse and the inverse of the product E1 E2 E3 .

Exercise 4. Determine which matrices of the list below are invertible. keeping explicit computations to a minimum. 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 1 3 0 1 2 5 0 0 5 6 7 0 1 2 1 , B = A= 0 0 8 9 , C = 3 6 8 2 6 3 2 4 7 9 0 0 0 10 3 5 8 3

Justify your answer, while 0 0 , 0 10 1 0 D= 0 1 3 2 4 5 5 3 . 7 8

Exercise 5. 1.) We denote by I the identity matrix of dimension n n and by J an arbitrary n n-matrix. Show that the matrix H= is invertible and nd its inverse. 2.) The matrices A, B, C, X, Y, Z below are understood to be square matrices and to satisfy all necessary assumptions required by the equations stated below. a) Calculate X, Y and Z in terms of A, B and C to satisfy A C B 0 I X 0 0 = Y Z I . 0 I J 0 I

b) Calculate X, Y and Z in terms of A, B and C to satisfy A Z I 0 X 0 0 0 0 = . 0 I Y 0 I B I Exercise 6. Let A = 1 3 0 1 1 3 and M = 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 3 1

1.) Verify that A2 = I2 . 2.) Use matrix multiplication for block matrices to show that M 2 = I4 . 3.) What can we conclude? Exercise 7. Calculate the LU decomposition of the matrices 2 3 5 , 4 2 B= 6 1 4 9 4 4 7 8 2 3 0 1 1 C= 4 2 3 5 2 4 5 8 5 7 .

A=

and

Exercise 8. [T/F] a) If A and B are m n-matrices then both AB T and AT B are dened. b) If AB = C and C has 2 columns, then A has two columns. c) Multiplying B on the left with a diagonal matrix scales the rows of B. d) If BC = BD then C = D. e) If AC = 0 then either A = 0 or C = 0. 2

f) If A and B are n n matrices then (A + B)(A B) = A2 B 2 . g) An elementary n n matrix has either n or n + 1 non-zero entries. h) The transpose of an elementary matrix is an elementary matrix. i) An elementary matrix must be square. j) Every square matrix is a product of elementary matrices. k) If A is a 3 3 matrix with 3 pivot positions then there exist elementary matrices E1 , . . . , Ep , such that E1 . . . Ep A = I. l) If AB = I then A is invertible. m) If A and B are invertible then A1 B = B 1 A. n) If A is invertible and r = 0, then (rA)1 = rA1 . 1 o) If A is a 3 3 matrix and the equation Ax = 0 has a unique solution, then A is invertible. 0 Exercise 9. [*]We assume that A, B et C are invertible square matrices. Show that ABC is also invertible by nding a matrix D so that (ABC)D = I and D(ABC) = I. a b . Prove that if ad bc = 0, then the equation Ax = 0 admits c d more than one solution. Why does this imply that A is not invertible? [Hint: Assume at rst that b a = b = 0. If a and b are not both zero consider the vector x = ]. a Exercise 10. [*]Let A = Exercise 11. [*]We suppose that A and B are matrices such that the product AB is well-dened. Prove the following assertions: If A and B are two lower (respectively upper) triangular matrices, then the product AB is a lower (respectively upper) triangular matrix as well. If A and B are two lower (respectively upper) triangular matrices with unit diagonal, then their product AB is also a lower (respectively upper) triangular matrix with unit diagonal. If A is a square invertible lower (respectively upper) triangular matrix, then the inverseA1 is also a square lower (respectively upper) triangular matrix.

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