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HTML Tutorial: Try It Yourself

The document provides an introduction to HTML by explaining some key HTML elements and concepts: - HTML is the markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags to annotate text and other content for display by web browsers. - Common HTML elements include headings, paragraphs, links, and images. Elements have opening and closing tags that surround and provide information about the enclosed content. - HTML documents are made up of nested HTML elements, with some elements containing other sub-elements. The core document structure consists of html, head, body, and other tags.

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Refat Nafiu
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

HTML Tutorial: Try It Yourself

The document provides an introduction to HTML by explaining some key HTML elements and concepts: - HTML is the markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags to annotate text and other content for display by web browsers. - Common HTML elements include headings, paragraphs, links, and images. Elements have opening and closing tags that surround and provide information about the enclosed content. - HTML documents are made up of nested HTML elements, with some elements containing other sub-elements. The core document structure consists of html, head, body, and other tags.

Uploaded by

Refat Nafiu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML Tutorial

Example
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> Try it yourself

Example Explained

The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration is the syntax for the latest generation HTML HTML5.

What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language

A markup language is a set of markup tags The purpose of the tags are to describe page content

HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html> HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b> The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

<tagname>content</tagname>

HTML Elements
"HTML tags" and "HTML elements" are often used to describe the same thing. But strictly speaking, an HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tag, including the tags: HTML Element:

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

HTML Documents = Web Pages


HTML documents describe web pages HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text HTML documents are also called web pages

Web Browsers

The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

HTML Page Structure


Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure: <html> <body> <h1>This a Heading</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> <p>This is another paragraph.</p> </body> </html> Previous Next Chapter

HTML Basic - 4 Examples


Previous Next Chapter

Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned. You will learn about them in the next chapters.

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3>

Try it yourself

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> <p>This is another paragraph.</p>

Try it yourself

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Try it yourself

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute. (You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />

Try it yourself

Note: The filename and the size of the image are provided as attributes.

Previous Next Chapter

HTML Elements
Previous Next Chapter

HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag * <p>

Element content This is a paragraph </p> </a>

End tag *

<a href="default.htm"> This is a link <br />

* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax


An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag The element content is everything between the start and the end tag Some HTML elements have empty content Empty elements are closed in the start tag Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements). HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example


<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained


The <p> element:
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>

The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document. The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>. The element content is: This is my first paragraph. The <body> element:
<body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body>

The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document. The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>. The element content is another HTML element (a p element). The <html> element:

<html> <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

The <html> element defines the whole HTML document. The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>. The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag


Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:
<p>This is a paragraph <p>This is a paragraph

The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional. Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements


HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. <br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break). Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags


HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.

W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.

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