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    Antibiotics - Pathogen Chart

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    Yanling Li
    Spectrum of antimicrobial agents. Disclaimer: resistance rates vary regionally and are constantly changing. this information is for educational purposes only.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Antibiotics - Pathogen Chart

    Uploaded by

    Yanling Li
    528 views3 pages
    Spectrum of antimicrobial agents. Disclaimer: resistance rates vary regionally and are constantly changing. this information is for educational purposes only.

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    Spectrum of antimicrobial agents. Disclaimer: resistance rates vary regionally and are constantly changing. this information is for educational purposes only.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    528 views3 pages

    Antibiotics - Pathogen Chart

    Uploaded by

    Yanling Li
    Spectrum of antimicrobial agents. Disclaimer: resistance rates vary regionally and are constantly changing. this information is for educational purposes only.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    The document discusses various antibiotics, their classifications, mechanisms of action and coverage against different bacteria.

    Many different antibiotics are discussed including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, glycopeptides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol, rifampin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.

    Classes mentioned include beta-lactams, glycopeptides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol and rifampin. Their mechanisms of action and activity against different bacteria is provided.

    AEROBES GNC CDK, TDK, AUCDK? P. vulgaris (Indole +) P. mirabilis (indole -) GNB Enterococcus faecalis Aceinetobacter spp.

    Streptococcus spp. Enterobacter spp. GPC MRSA / MRSE (3%) GPB VRSA, VREF, VRE L. monocytogenes GPB

    ANAEROBES GNB Atypical organisms

    Salmonella spp.

    Citrobacter spp.

    MSSA / MSSE

    N.meningitidis

    P. aeruginosa

    M. catarrhalis

    H. influenzae

    Shigella spp.

    Serratia spp.

    C. difficile

    Klebsiella

    Cloxacillin Penicillin Amoxicillin/Ampicillin Amoxicillin-Clavulanate


    1 1

    C C C C C C C C
    2

    T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T


    25%


    30%

    B. fragilis

    E. coli

    PHM321Y ANTIBIOTICS

    N. gonorrhoeae

    Piperacillin-Tazobactam

    Cephalexin/Cefadroxil/Cefazolin
    2

    Cefuroxime/Cefprozil/Cefaclor
    2

    Cefoxitin

    40%

    Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime
    3

    C C C C C C C C C C C C C S S S S S S S C

    Ceftazidime
    3 4


    DIM
    17%

    Cefixime Cefepime

    Ceftobiprole


    DIM

    DIM

    30
    %

    Carbapenems (DIME)
    5

    Gylcopeptides (VT) Daptomycin


    O
    3-13%


    CO M M

    Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim Fluoroquinolones (CON) Resp. Fluoroquinolones (LM) Aminoglycosides (TAG) Metronidazole Clindamycin Macrolides (ACE) Linezolid
    3 4

    T C A C C T T

    C L

    C
    30-50%

    syn syn

    syn

    Oral anaerobes

    Cidal or Static?

    AC AC

    Nitrofurantoin


    syn


    syn

    Chloramphenicol
    6

    Tetracyclines (TDM) Tigecycline Rifampin


    syn

    syn


    syn


    syn

    PO only; IV only, both the drug has weak coverage or there is high resistance (25%) against the drug Risk of resistance given if mentioned in class these bugs have the potential to produce BSBLs (SPACE PEK bugs) and Pip/Tazo is not effective against BSBLs Enterococcus faecium is more resistant than Enterococcus faecalis against these drugs (carbapenems are not effective against E. faecium) DIME = doripenem, imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem CON = ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin; LM = levofloxacin, moxifloxacin; TAG = tobramycin, amikacin, gentamicin; ACE = azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin TDM = tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline syn = synergy ( 2x extent of killing compared to best agent alone) GPB = gram-positive bacilli GPC = gram-positive cocci GNB = gram-negative bacilli GNC = gram-negative cocci
    1 2 3 5 4 6

    Never use as a single agent: combine with aminoglycosides Only Ceftriaxone covers N. gonorrhoeae Only used in cystitis or recurrent UTI prophylaxis Glycopeptides: vancomycin, telavancin cidal against H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitides cidal against S. pnuemoniae, S. epidermis. Does not cover Proteus spp. = drug of choice against species (bold font) Atypical Organisms Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Pneumocystitis carinii (HIV)

    weak or unreliable activity against pathogen, do not use as 1st line treatment

    Mycoplasma pneumoniae

    Legionella pneumoniae

    Chlamydia trachomatis

    Clamydia pneumoniae

    Mycobacterium spp.

    Rickettisia spp.

    Brucella spp.

    ORAL ANAEROBES Peptococcus Peptostreptococcus Fusobacterium Bacteroides spp. GNB THAT CAN PRODUCE BROAD SPECTRUM BETALACTAMASES (BSBLs) SPACE PEK:

    Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim Fluoroquinolones (CON) Fluoroquinolones (LM) Macrolides (ACE) Tetracyclines (TDM) Chloramphenicol Rifampin CO O L CO CO


    syn

    syn

    syn

    Serratia marcescens Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinobacter spp. Citrobacter spp. Enterobacter spp.

    Proteus spp. Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. (K. pneumoniae)

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