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    Refraction: V C N N / 1

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    jrfisico2011
    The document discusses refraction and how it causes light to change direction when passing from one medium to another with a different refractive index. It defines terms like refractive index, Snell's law, critical angle, total internal reflection, and dispersion. It provides examples of how refraction affects the perception of objects underwater or through glass and discusses applications like fiber optics, rainbows, and lenses.

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    Refraction: V C N N / 1

    Uploaded by

    jrfisico2011
    74 views23 pages
    The document discusses refraction and how it causes light to change direction when passing from one medium to another with a different refractive index. It defines terms like refractive index, Snell's law, critical angle, total internal reflection, and dispersion. It provides examples of how refraction affects the perception of objects underwater or through glass and discusses applications like fiber optics, rainbows, and lenses.

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    Lenses

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    The document discusses refraction and how it causes light to change direction when passing from one medium to another with a different refractive index. It defines terms like refractive index, Snell's law, critical angle, total internal reflection, and dispersion. It provides examples of how refraction affects the perception of objects underwater or through glass and discusses applications like fiber optics, rainbows, and lenses.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    74 views23 pages

    Refraction: V C N N / 1

    Uploaded by

    jrfisico2011
    The document discusses refraction and how it causes light to change direction when passing from one medium to another with a different refractive index. It defines terms like refractive index, Snell's law, critical angle, total internal reflection, and dispersion. It provides examples of how refraction affects the perception of objects underwater or through glass and discusses applications like fiber optics, rainbows, and lenses.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    Refraction

    Light travels at different speeds in different media. n, index of refraction, a property of the medium.

    v=c/ n n1
    As one part of the wavefront enters, it slows down and travels a shorter distance than the part that has yet to enter the new medium. The wave changes direction as it enters a new medium.

    n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2

    Snells Law

    As light travels from one medium to another, its frequency stays the same but its speed and wavelength change.

    c = nv v = f c = n1 v1 = n2 v 2 n1 f1 = n2 f2 n1 1 = n2 2

    A group of sprinters gather at point P on a parking lot bordering a beach. They must run across the parking lot to a point Q on the beach as quickly as possible. Which path from P to Q takes the least time? You should consider the relative speeds of the sprinters on the hard surface of the parking lot and on loose sand.

    1. a 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. e 6. All paths take the same amount of time.

    Are objects in a different place than they appear when you look at them through the window?

    Total Internal Reflection


    For light rays moving into a medium of lower index of refraction at certain angles, Snells Law has no solution. Snells Law: If

    n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2 n1 sin 1 > n2

    there is no solution for So if

    2 .

    sin 1 > ( n2 / n1 ) , there will be no refraction,


    only total internal reflection.

    There is total internal reflection at angles above the critical angle:

    c = sin 1 (n2 / n1 ) .

    F i be r O pt i c s

    Brewsters Angle At B the reflected and refracted rays will be perpendicular to each other and the reflected ray will be completely polarized parallel to the surface.

    B = tan

    (n

    / n1 )

    Dispersion
    Index of refraction depends on wavelength.

    Rainbows

    A fish swims below the surface of the water at P. An observer at O sees the fish at

    a. a greater depth than it really is. b. the same depth. c. a smaller depth than it really is.

    An image is located at the point from which the light rays actually diverge or appear to diverge. If light rays pass through a point and diverge, behaving as if there was an object at that point, that point is a real image point. If light rays do not pass through a point, but the light rays behave just as if there was an object at that point, that point is a virtual image point.

    Apparent Depth:

    n2 d'= d n1

    Ray Diagrams for Converging Lenses Ray 1 is parallel to the principal axis and refracts through the back side focal point. Ray 2 goes through the center of the lens and continues in a straight line. Ray 3 goes through the front side focal point and refracts parallel to the principal axis.

    Ray Diagrams for Diverging Lenses (just switch the two focal points) Ray 1 is parallel to the principal axis and refracts through the front side focal point. Ray 2 goes through the center of the lens and continues in a straight line. Ray 3 goes through the back side focal point and refracts parallel to the principal axis.

    In general, for lenses:

    1 1 1 + = d o di f

    hi di m= = ho do

    do > 0 if object is in front of lens (real object) and do < 0 if object is in back of lens (virtual object). di > 0 if image is in back of lens (real image) and di < 0 if image is in front of lens (virtual image). f > 0 if its a converging lens and f < 0 if its a diverging lens. m > 0 if image is upright and m < 0 if image is inverted.

    A converging lens with a focal length of 20.0 cm is placed 10.0 cm from an object which is 5.0 cm tall. a) Draw the ray diagram and find the image.

    b) Calculate where the image will be and how tall it will be. c) Is the image real or virtual? d) Is the image upright or inverted?

    Lenses in Combination

    A 1.0 cm tall object is placed 15.0 cm in front of a converging lens with a focal length of 5.0 cm. A second converging lens of focal length 7.5 cm is placed 30.0 cm behind the first lens.

    f 1

    f 2

    a) Draw the ray diagram and locate the final image. b) Calculate where the image will be and how tall it will be.

    The Human Eye

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